Skabelon:Refbegin

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{{refbegin}} og dens komplementære afsluttende skabelon {{refend}} bruges til at anvende en hvilken som helst af flere valgfrie stilarter eller præsentationsvalg for bibliografier eller referencelister – det vil sige lister over fuldt specificerede referencer, kilder eller værker, der er citeret, sorteret alfabetisk efter forfatter eller bidragyder - der vises i Wikipedia-artikler.

Disse bibliografier eller referencelister optræder ofte i dedikerede sektioner i en artikel, med forskellige titler == Referencer ==, == Citerede værker ==, == Bibliografi ==, == Videre læsning ==, == Udgivne værker ==, og så videre.

Wikipedia-henvisnings- eller citationssystemer, der bruger referencelister i bibliografistil omfatter: 'forkortede' fodnoter og 'generel' henvisning. Det 'fulde' fodnotereferencesystem does not use those lists. Any articles may contain a "Further reading" section or other sections with bibliography-style listings, that {{refbegin}} formatting could be applied to.

Formateringsmulighederne i denne skabelon er:

refbegin skabelon optioner/parametre

Option	Hvordan man får det	Noter
standard visning	{{refbegin}}	ingen parametre nødvendig, standard fontstørrelse er 90% af standard fontstørrelse
vise liste i flere kolonner	{{refbegin|30em}}	hvor 30em bestemmer bredden af ​​kolonner baseret på browserens skærmbredde. Kan være en hvilken som helst værdi generelt (f.eks. 20em, 50em osv.).
påfør hængende indrykning	{{refbegin}}	vil anvende hængende indrykning, hvis en individuel reference ombrydes over mere end én linje i browserens visningsvindue

Hver brug af {{refbegin}}, med eller uden parametre, skal følges af en {{refend}} afsluttende skabelon til at 'slukke' formattingen; {{refend}} tager ikke nogen parametre.

Skriftstørrelsesreduktion anvendes som standard. Multisøjler og hængende fordybning kan påføres separat eller kombineret.

Brug

This template is used only for references—it should not be used to create lists of text which are smaller, in columns, or which have other style data associated with them.

With all (optional) parameters shown:

== References ==
{{refbegin |30em |indent= }}
* list of bibliography/references entries..
...
{{refend}}

Placement

A {{refbegin}} is placed immediately below the header of the bibliography/references section its formatting will be applied to. The {{refend}} closing template is placed within the same section, at the end of the bibliography/references list content.

When used, each occurrence of {{refbegin}} should always be paired with the corresponding closing {{refend}}:

== Referencer ==
{{refbegin}}
* 1. indgang i litteratur/referencelisten..
* 2. indgang i litteratur/referencelisten..
...
* sidste indgang i litteratur/referencelisten..
{{refend}}

The formatting provided by {{refbegin}} is "turned on" at the location where the template is placed, and is applied to all text after and below it, until it is "turned off" by a closing {{refend}} template (which expands to </div>). Failing to provide a closing {{refend}} may produce unwanted effects in other sections that may appear below the 'References', 'Bibliography' etc. section, such as 'External links' sections that are usually placed at or near the article's end.

Option 1: Default behaviour

The default usage (without parameters) applies a style that reduces the text size of the bibliographies/reference list entries. This can be useful to make a long bibliography/list of references display more compactly, and it also mimics the formatting style applied to footnotes by the {{reflist}} template.

A {{reflist}} formats footnotes—any text in the article body that is placed between <ref> tags—that may be auto-generated by the cite.php extension. In the case of articles using the 'shortened' footnotes referencing system, these footnotes will typically contain an abbreviated citation such as <ref>Smith 2002, p.123</ref> that corresponds with an entry in the bibliography/references list section (other text such as discursive notes may appear as well).

The font size is set to 90% in the corresponding TemplateStyles page.

If the 'full' footnotes referencing system is used (i.e. there is no separate bibliography/references list, all cites/references are defined in <ref>...</ref> tags), then use {{reflist}} alone:

== References ==
{{reflist}}

If there is a bibliography/references list but no footnoted citations (e.g. in general references or parenthetical referencing systems) then use {{refbegin}} and {{refend}} like so:

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* general reference 1
* general reference 2
{{refend}}

If there are footnoted citations and a separate bibliography/references list (i.e., the WP:CITESHORT system), then place {{reflist}} to generate the footnotes in one section (immediately above the bibliography/references list), and use {{refbegin}} in the latter section:

== Notes ==
{{reflist}} <!--this will auto-generate the numbered list of footnotes/cites -->

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* bibliography entry / reference 1
* bibliography entry / reference 2
* etc
{{refend}}

Option 2: Multiple columns

If a value with a unit is supplied as the first parameter, i.e. Skabelon:Pval, the template will display the bibliography/references list in columns with a minimum width of that value, allowing the browser to determine the optimal number of columns. Using {{refbegin|30em}} for instance is useful for short citations. If no parameter is specified, the default is a single column.

== References ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |author= Southworth, Jane |author2= Catherine Tucker |date= August 2001 |title= The Influence of Accessibility, Local Institutions, and Socioeconomic Factors on Forest Cover Change in the Mountains of Western Honduras |url= http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021%5B0276:TIOALI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |format= PDF reproduction, BioOne online |journal= Mountain Research and Development |location= Boulder, CO |publisher= International Mountain Society and United Nations University |volume= 21 |issue= 3 |pages= 276–283 |doi= 10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0276:TIOALI]2.0.CO;2
 |issn= 0276-4741 |oclc= 107067006}}
* {{cite journal |author= Tucker, Catherine M. |author2= Darla K. Munroe |author3=Harini Nagendra |author4=Jane Southworth |date= June 2005 |title= Comparative Spatial Analyses of Forest Conservation and Change in Honduras and Guatemala |url= http://www.clas.ufl.edu/lueci/southworth/pubs-as-pdf/cs-3-1_10_jtuckeretal.pdf |format= PDF online open access article distributed under Creative Commons |journal= Conservation and Society |location= New Delhi and London |publisher= SAGE Publications |volume= 3 |issue= 1 |pages= 174–200 |issn= 0972-4923|oclc= 210806013}}
{{refend}}

References

• Southworth, Jane; Catherine Tucker (august 2001). "The Influence of Accessibility, Local Institutions, and Socioeconomic Factors on Forest Cover Change in the Mountains of Western Honduras" (PDF reproduction, BioOne online). Mountain Research and Development. Boulder, CO: International Mountain Society and United Nations University. 21 (3): 276-283. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0276:TIOALI]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0276-4741. OCLC 107067006.{{cite journal}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)
• Tucker, Catherine M.; Darla K. Munroe; Harini Nagendra; Jane Southworth (juni 2005). "Comparative Spatial Analyses of Forest Conservation and Change in Honduras and Guatemala" (PDF online open access article distributed under Creative Commons). Conservation and Society. New Delhi and London: SAGE Publications. 3 (1): 174-200. ISSN 0972-4923. OCLC 210806013.{{cite journal}}: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Dato automatisk oversat (link)

Option 3: Hanging indentation

A hanging indentation may be applied to bibliographies/reference lists by using the |indent= parameter. This option can be useful in long bibliographies/reference lists and in particular when individual entries in the list are long, i.e. they wrap over more than one line in the browser display window. Applying a hanging indent to the list makes it much easier to distinguish the keywords (i.e. normally the authors' names) in the bibliography and makes them stand out from preceding and succeeding lines of text. Hanging indents in bibliographies also form part of several widely used citation style implementations, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago.

To use, set {{refbegin|indent=yes}}.

Examples

Using {{refbegin}} with the hanging indent option |indent=yes applied

== References ==

{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor1=Carolyn MacKay |editor2=Verónica Vázquez |publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589 |language=es}}
* {{cite conference |author1=Flores Farfán |author2=José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |book-title= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor1=Barbara Jane Burnaby |editor2=John Allan Reyhner |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}}
* {{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |orig-date= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin |author3=Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |type= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}}
{{refend}}

Using |indent= in combination with multi-column display, e.g. {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}

== References ==

{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor1=Carolyn MacKay |editor2=Verónica Vázquez |publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589 |language=es}}
* {{cite conference |author1=Flores Farfán |author2=José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |book-title= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor1=Barbara Jane Burnaby |editor2=John Allan Reyhner |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}}
* {{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |orig-date= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin |author3=Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |format= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}}
{{refend}}

Noter

Templatedata

Dette er denne skabelons TemplateData-dokumentation, som bruges af VisualEditor og andre værktøjer.

Refbegin

Denne skabelon bruges til at starte formatting af en referenceliste eller bibliografi.

Skabelonparametre[Rediger TemplateData]

Denne skabelon foretrækker inline-formatering af parametre.

Parameter		Beskrivelse	Type	Status
Column width/Columns	1	Width for the reference list columns in units of em. For example: '30em'. If spaced as '30 em', it will not be recognized. Secondary mode (deprecated): integer number of fixed columns. Standardværdi 1 Eksempel 30em	Streng	foreslået
Column width	colwidth	Width of columns, for example, '25em'. The default is '30em'. Standardværdi 30em	Streng	valgfri
Hanging indentation	indent	Set to "yes" to use hanging indents for the contained references.	Streng	valgfri

Se også

• Wikipedia:Citing sources – Citation guideline
• Wikipedia:Footnotes – Reference guideline
• WP:CITET – Description of various templates to format individual citation references
• {{reflist}} – Auto-generated listing of footnotes and inline citations
• {{div col}} – For columns in general
• Skabelon:Refend

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