Papers by Ogunrinola Oluranti
This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the Nigerian labour market. The da... more This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the Nigerian labour market. The data for this study were obtained from the Labour Force Sample Survey of 2005, carried out by the defunct National Manpower Board. In addition to the descriptive statistics used in the analyses, the binary logistic regression model was employed. The study has empirically confirmed the magnitude of unemployment among the youths in Nigeria and that in 2005 when the data for this study was collected, the youths were more than three times as likely
as the adults to be unemployed. The data analysis also enabled the study to identify the basic determinants of youth unemployment. Some of these factors are the formal educational attainment of respondents, region of origin, household status, and household size, among others. Several policy prescriptions to reduce unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria were put forward in the paper.
This study examined the contributions of the urban informal sector of Ibadan to income, employmen... more This study examined the contributions of the urban informal sector of Ibadan to income, employment generation and skill formation. It also investigated whether or not the sector provides permanent employment for some members of the urban labour force. The methodology of the study involved the use of questionnaires to elicit desired information from informal sector enterprises as well as formal and informal sector workers in manufacturing and technical services from selected enumeration areas of Ibadan. The analytical techniques relied on the use of employment and earning regression models as well as informal employment probability model. Also, summary statistics like mean, mode, median, ratios and percentages were used. The estimated employment model shows that the level of capital employed, earnings, amount of education of owner, quality of training of owner and the type of industry where an enterprise operates significantly affect the level of employment. Such employment is found to be permanent for 86 percent of informal sector .operators, while 94 percent of the formal sector workers interviewed expressed strong desire of moving to the informal sector whenever they can save up the required starting capital. This fact is also confirmed by the informal employment probability models estimated for the urban labour force of Ibadan. Thus, the result of our study does not uphold the probabilistic migration hypothesis with respect to the role of informal sector in the urban labour market of Ibadan. With respect to earnings, the informal sector workers compare favorably with their formal sector counterparts. Sixty-one percent earn more than N200 per month while the mean monthly earnings is N583. Our earnings distribution model estimated shows that variables like sector of employment, migration status, education, quality of training, labour market experience and the type of industry in which an enterprise operates significantly affect the distribution of earnings among the urban labour force. In terms of skill development, the apprenticeship system is the most dominant form. Ninety percent of current entrepreneurs were thus trained, while a total of 2,200 apprentices had been previously trained by these masters. At present, the 544 enterprises sampled have a total of 2,119 apprentices that are being trained. However, in terms of the extent of skill utilization, it is found that a considerable amount of underemployment ranging from 21 to 36 percent exists in the sector. Apart from its contributions to employment, earnings and skill formation; this study shows that the urban informal sector, rather than disappearing with time, is a major and growing element of development in the urban labour market of Ibadan. Thus, the government and its agents (e.g. the National Directorate of Employment), private formal organizations and researchers are called upon to focus more attention to the sector to sustain and enhance the sector’s contributions to development.
This study examined the impact of human capital and institutions on innovation in Sub-Saharan Afr... more This study examined the impact of human capital and institutions on innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa and clearly highlighted the relevance of the human factor in determining innovation outcomes in the Sub-Saharan African region. Using the System Generalized Method of Moments, coupled with some descriptive analyses, it was found out that human capital, as well as an enabling institutional environment, affects innovation outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). On the contrary, innovation outcomes in the region did not benefit from foreign investment. The study, therefore, recommends that human capital capacity be cultivated and given the enabling environment to contribute to innovation outcomes. This is expected to attract innovation-centred investments into the region.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that social capital plays in the deter... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that social capital plays in the determination and distribution of business earnings of female entrepreneurs in selected rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical foundation of social capital and its relationship to informal finance was used in a modified Mincer’s model to examine the distribution of earnings among a sample of members of informal self-help groups. The study relied on a set of secondary data collected from a survey of 275 female micro-entrepreneurs in five rural communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. The analysis of data was done with the use of SPSS computer software while the ordinary least squares
regression technique was used in the models’ estimation.
Findings – The findings show that though human capital variables contribute to earnings in the usual Mincer’s parlance, social capital as well as neighbourhood effect variables appear much more important determinants.
Originality/value – The study quantified and applied five social capital variables in the estimated earnings function and three of these variables were found to be statistically significant in their effects on earnings distribution among the study sample. The study concluded by advocating a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of enterprise development as well as a coordinated approach by the government to promote self-help organisations among women in the rural areas.
This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the labour market of Nigeria. The ... more This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the labour market of Nigeria. The study also investigates two important youth labour market outcomes which are the youth labour force participation rate and employment-to-population ratio. Data for this study was obtained from the Labour Force Sample Survey carried out by the National Manpower Board (now defunct) in 2005. In addition to the descriptive statistics used in the analyses, the binary logistic regression was used. The study has empirically confirmed the magnitude of youth unemployment among the youths in Nigeria and that in 2005 when the data for this study was collected, the youths are more than three times as likely as the adults to be unemployed. The basic determinants of youth unemployment were also discovered and analysed. To reverse this trend, the government of Nigeria must embark on policies to reduce youth unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria.
This study examines, empirically, the influence of household structure on labor market participat... more This study examines, empirically, the influence of household structure on labor market participation in Nigeria, using the data collected by the defunct National Manpower Board in the Nigerian Labour Markket Survey conducted in year 2005.
Iin addition to other traditional explanatory variables, the study employs other variables measuring the influence of household characteristics of the studied population in the determination of participation rates. The method of data analysis is two-fold. The first is the descriptive analyses of the characteristics of the labour force in Nigeria, while the second employs both the probabilility and logit regression models in estimating the labour force participation rates. Both methods of analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. The study establishes the relative importance of the household structure in influencing labor force participation of household members while the other traditional economic and socio-demographic variables conform to apriori expectations. In line with the findings, a gender-friendly policy that addresses the constraints facing women’s work and their full participation in the labor market is advocated.
Drafts by Ogunrinola Oluranti
Unemployment and poverty are two basic problems afflicting many developing nations of the world. ... more Unemployment and poverty are two basic problems afflicting many developing nations of the world. High rate of unemployment especially among the youths have led to poverty and its consequences. The situation of the poor in such nations are compounded because there is no form of social safety net (e.g. unemployment benefit) to help the vulnerable. One major coping mechanism for the poor in the urban informal sector is to pick up whatever job that can be found in the informal sector either as self-employed, employee or an apprentice. This study therefore examines the roles that the transport sub-section of the informal sector is playing towards the provision of employment and income to those not able to find employment in the urban formal organisations. The study employs the use of primary data generated from a survey of seven hundred and seventy-seven randomly selected auto-cycle riders in two cities in Nigeria and the SPSS software aided data analyses. In addition to the descriptive analyses, two models were specified and estimated using the OLS technique. The study revealed that the subsector is a major employer of young school leavers in 'okada' riding business. Earnings analyses show that 75% of the operators earn above the minimum wage while human capital variables explain earnings distribution. Implications of the findings of the study point to the need for a more friendly official approach to urban informal workers as well as policy prescriptions that will promote the safety of both riders and users of the services of commercial motorcycle. Also, since many of the riders have learnt one trade/craft or the other, the provision of a 2-tier credit guarantee funds for start-up capital for such trained apprentices will facilitate quick establishment of their trade rather than seeking start-up capital through engagement in okada riding.
Every day in developing countries, 20,000 girls under age 18 give birth. On yearly basis, tens of... more Every day in developing countries, 20,000 girls under age 18 give birth. On yearly basis, tens of thousands die of causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Asides leading these young ones to their early grave, adolescent fertility has consequences for the level of educational attainment, health status of their children, their social and economic status and on the macro environment both in the short run and in the long run. This study investigates the trend and the determinants of adolescent fertility in Nigeria. The data for the study were obtained from the NDHS for the years 2003, 2008 and 2013 which were used for comparative analysis of the fertility behavior of adolescents across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Both the descriptive and binary logistic analyses were used in the study. The study found out that income of parents, region of residence, religion, age, among other factors are the determinants of adolescent fertility in Nigeria. Based on these findings, recommendations that would ensure adolescent health, education and skill development to ensure adequate empowerment were put forward.
This paper examines the roles that access to ICT and improved social infrastructure play on the p... more This paper examines the roles that access to ICT and improved social infrastructure play on the performance levels of informal micro and small business enterprises in Nigerian. For formal sector organisations, studies have been conducted to verify this, but not much is known with respect to micro and small informal sector businesses. This study therefore intends to bridge this yawning gap by carrying out an analysis of the impact of the access to telephone (a major component of ICTs that is fast finding common usage among informal sector enterprise-owners) among informal micro and small businesses in Nigeria. The study relies on primary data on the informal sector enterprises collected by the Nigerian Institute for Social and Economic Research (NISER) in 2014. Basic descriptive statistics in addition to the Ordinary Least Squares Regression model is used in the analyses of the data. Policy measures that will enhance further diffusion of ICT infrastructure among micro and small business to enhance their growth and contributions to income and employment generation are recommended at the end of the paper.
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Papers by Ogunrinola Oluranti
as the adults to be unemployed. The data analysis also enabled the study to identify the basic determinants of youth unemployment. Some of these factors are the formal educational attainment of respondents, region of origin, household status, and household size, among others. Several policy prescriptions to reduce unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria were put forward in the paper.
Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical foundation of social capital and its relationship to informal finance was used in a modified Mincer’s model to examine the distribution of earnings among a sample of members of informal self-help groups. The study relied on a set of secondary data collected from a survey of 275 female micro-entrepreneurs in five rural communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. The analysis of data was done with the use of SPSS computer software while the ordinary least squares
regression technique was used in the models’ estimation.
Findings – The findings show that though human capital variables contribute to earnings in the usual Mincer’s parlance, social capital as well as neighbourhood effect variables appear much more important determinants.
Originality/value – The study quantified and applied five social capital variables in the estimated earnings function and three of these variables were found to be statistically significant in their effects on earnings distribution among the study sample. The study concluded by advocating a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of enterprise development as well as a coordinated approach by the government to promote self-help organisations among women in the rural areas.
Iin addition to other traditional explanatory variables, the study employs other variables measuring the influence of household characteristics of the studied population in the determination of participation rates. The method of data analysis is two-fold. The first is the descriptive analyses of the characteristics of the labour force in Nigeria, while the second employs both the probabilility and logit regression models in estimating the labour force participation rates. Both methods of analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. The study establishes the relative importance of the household structure in influencing labor force participation of household members while the other traditional economic and socio-demographic variables conform to apriori expectations. In line with the findings, a gender-friendly policy that addresses the constraints facing women’s work and their full participation in the labor market is advocated.
Drafts by Ogunrinola Oluranti
as the adults to be unemployed. The data analysis also enabled the study to identify the basic determinants of youth unemployment. Some of these factors are the formal educational attainment of respondents, region of origin, household status, and household size, among others. Several policy prescriptions to reduce unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria were put forward in the paper.
Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical foundation of social capital and its relationship to informal finance was used in a modified Mincer’s model to examine the distribution of earnings among a sample of members of informal self-help groups. The study relied on a set of secondary data collected from a survey of 275 female micro-entrepreneurs in five rural communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. The analysis of data was done with the use of SPSS computer software while the ordinary least squares
regression technique was used in the models’ estimation.
Findings – The findings show that though human capital variables contribute to earnings in the usual Mincer’s parlance, social capital as well as neighbourhood effect variables appear much more important determinants.
Originality/value – The study quantified and applied five social capital variables in the estimated earnings function and three of these variables were found to be statistically significant in their effects on earnings distribution among the study sample. The study concluded by advocating a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of enterprise development as well as a coordinated approach by the government to promote self-help organisations among women in the rural areas.
Iin addition to other traditional explanatory variables, the study employs other variables measuring the influence of household characteristics of the studied population in the determination of participation rates. The method of data analysis is two-fold. The first is the descriptive analyses of the characteristics of the labour force in Nigeria, while the second employs both the probabilility and logit regression models in estimating the labour force participation rates. Both methods of analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. The study establishes the relative importance of the household structure in influencing labor force participation of household members while the other traditional economic and socio-demographic variables conform to apriori expectations. In line with the findings, a gender-friendly policy that addresses the constraints facing women’s work and their full participation in the labor market is advocated.