File:ZiridDynasty1.jpg

Sources:

“and in 1012/403 the Fatimids conceded Cyrenaica to them” ‪Islamic History: A New Interpretation, Volume 2‬ ‪M. A. Shaban‬ Cambridge University Press,

“Sort et Ajdabiya , au domaine gouverné par Bulukkin” ‪Le Magrib central à l'époque des Zirides: recherches d'archéologie et d'histoire‬ ‪Lucien Golvin‬ Arts et métiers graphiques

“Animé de bonnes intentions à l'égard de Bologhine , il incorpora à ses Etats les territoires de Barca” ‪Les Berbers dans l'histoire: De la Kahina á l'occupation Turque‬ ‪Mouloud Gaïd‬ Editions Mimouni,

“It was Qairawan and not Cairo that ruled both Surt and Ajdabiya” ‪Excavations at Surt (Medinat Al-Sultan) Between 1977 and 1981‬ ‪Géza Fehérvári‬ Department of Antiquities

“advanced to a position near Ceuta ; Bulukkin b . Ziri declined to give battle and withdrew to take possession of the remainder of Morocco .” ‪Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities, Volume 3‬ ‪Nagendra Kr Singh, Abdul Mabud Khan‬ Global Vision

“He took Tlemcen, repopulating Ashlr with its inhabitants, and then occupied Fes, Sijilmasa, and the whole of Morocco to the Atlantic coast from 979 to 980.” ‪Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places‬ ‪Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger‬ Routledge

“the Zirids campaigned westward, seized Fez, and briefly held most of Morocco by 980” ‪North Africa, Revised Edition: A History from Antiquity to the Present‬ ‪Phillip C. Naylor‬ University of Texas Press

“En 979, Bologguin reprit la lutte contre les Zenata et leurs protecteurs ommeyyades et s’empara non seulement de Fes, mais de tout le Maroc” Charles-André Julien, Histoire de l’Afrique du Nord, Des origines à 1830, Édition Payot, Paris, 1994, p.407

“Sicily , too , became attached more to Ifriqiya than to Egypt ; its Kalbite amirs recognized the Zirid suzerainty in 1036.” The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050 ‪J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver‬ ‪Cambridge University Press‬

“Après avoir été dominée par les émirs aghlabides et la dynastie ziride , la Sicile est conquise définitivement par les Normands” ‪Les Cahiers de Saint-Michel de Cuxa‬ ‪Abbaye de Saint-Michel de Cuxa‬

“la Sicile obéit aux gouverneurs zirides ( 1036” ‪Histoire générale de l'Algérie‬ ‪Henri Garrot‬ Impr. P. Crescenzo

Maps my work is partially based on:

Fragmentation of the Islamic World,c.1000

'Europe (Latter part of 10th Century)'. BARTHOLOMEW, 1876