创建 Secret

本页面介绍了如何创建 Secret。密文包含一个或多个密文版本，以及标签和复制政策等元数据。密文的实际内容存储在密文版本中。

准备工作

  1. 启用 Secret Manager API。

  2. 设置身份验证。

    Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

    Console

    When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

    gcloud

    In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

    Activate Cloud Shell

    At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

    REST

    如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭证。

      安装 Google Cloud CLI。 安装完成后，运行以下命令来初始化 Google Cloud CLI： 

      gcloud init

      如果您使用的是外部身份提供方 (IdP)，则必须先使用联合身份登录 gcloud CLI。

    如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证。

    所需的角色

    如需获得创建密文所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予项目、文件夹或组织的 Secret Manager Admin (roles/secretmanager.admin) IAM 角色。 如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

    您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

    创建 Secret

    您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、Google Cloud CLI、Secret Manager API 或 Secret Manager 客户端库创建 Secret。

    控制台

    1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往 Secret Manager 页面。

      前往 Secret Manager

    2. 在 Secret Manager 页面上，点击创建 Secret。

    3. 在创建密钥页面的名称字段中，输入密钥的名称。 Secret 名称可以包含大写和小写字母、数字、连字符和下划线。允许的名称长度上限为 255 个字符。

    4. 输入密文的值（例如 abcd1234）。密文的值可以采用任何格式，但不得超过 64 KiB。您还可以使用上传文件选项上传包含 Secret 值的文本文件。此操作会自动创建 Secret 版本。

    5. 点击创建密钥。

    gcloud

    在使用下面的命令数据之前，请先进行以下替换：

    • SECRET_ID：相应 Secret 的 ID 或完全限定标识符
    • REPLICATION_POLICY：相应密文的复制政策，可以是自动复制政策，也可以是用户管理的复制政策。

    执行以下命令：

    Linux、macOS 或 Cloud Shell

    gcloud secrets create SECRET_ID \
    --replication-policy="REPLICATION_POLICY"

    Windows (PowerShell)

    gcloud secrets create SECRET_ID `
    --replication-policy="REPLICATION_POLICY"

    Windows (cmd.exe)

    gcloud secrets create SECRET_ID ^
    --replication-policy="REPLICATION_POLICY"

    REST

    在使用任何请求数据之前，请先进行以下替换：

    • PROJECT_ID： Google Cloud 项目 ID
    • SECRET_ID：相应 Secret 的 ID 或完全限定标识符
    • REPLICATION_POLICY：相应密文的复制政策，可以是自动复制政策，也可以是用户管理的复制政策。

    HTTP 方法和网址：

    POST https://secretmanager.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/secrets?secretId=SECRET_ID

    请求 JSON 正文： 

    {
  "replication": {
    "REPLICATION_POLICY": {}
  }
}

    如需发送请求，请选择以下方式之一：

    curl

    将请求正文保存在名为 request.json 的文件中，然后执行以下命令： 

    curl -X POST \
         -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
         -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
         -d @request.json \
         "https://secretmanager.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/secrets?secretId=SECRET_ID"

    PowerShell

    将请求正文保存在名为 request.json 的文件中，然后执行以下命令： 

    $cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
    $headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

    Invoke-WebRequest `
        -Method POST `
        -Headers $headers `
        -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
        -InFile request.json `
        -Uri "https://secretmanager.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/secrets?secretId=SECRET_ID" | Select-Object -Expand Content

    您应该收到类似以下内容的 JSON 响应：

    {
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/secrets/SECRET_ID",
  "createTime": "2024-03-25T08:24:13.153705Z",
  "etag": "\"161477e6071da9\""
}

    C#

    要运行此代码，请先设置 C# 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager C# SDK。在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    
using Google.Api.Gax.ResourceNames;
using Google.Cloud.SecretManager.V1;

public class CreateSecretSample
{
    public Secret CreateSecret(
      string projectId = "my-project", string secretId = "my-secret")
    {
        // Create the client.
        SecretManagerServiceClient client = SecretManagerServiceClient.Create();

        // Build the parent resource name.
        ProjectName projectName = new ProjectName(projectId);

        // Build the secret.
        Secret secret = new Secret
        {
            Replication = new Replication
            {
                Automatic = new Replication.Types.Automatic(),
            },
        };

        // Call the API.
        Secret createdSecret = client.CreateSecret(projectName, secretId, secret);
        return createdSecret;
    }
}

    Go

    要运行此代码，请先设置 Go 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager Go SDK。在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	secretmanager "cloud.google.com/go/secretmanager/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/secretmanager/apiv1/secretmanagerpb"
)

// createSecret creates a new secret with the given name. A secret is a logical
// wrapper around a collection of secret versions. Secret versions hold the
// actual secret material.
func createSecret(w io.Writer, parent, id string) error {
	// parent := "projects/my-project"
	// id := "my-secret"

	// Create the client.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := secretmanager.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create secretmanager client: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the request.
	req := &secretmanagerpb.CreateSecretRequest{
		Parent:   parent,
		SecretId: id,
		Secret: &secretmanagerpb.Secret{
			Replication: &secretmanagerpb.Replication{
				Replication: &secretmanagerpb.Replication_Automatic_{
					Automatic: &secretmanagerpb.Replication_Automatic{},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Call the API.
	result, err := client.CreateSecret(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create secret: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created secret: %s\n", result.Name)
	return nil
}

    Java

    要运行此代码，请先设置 Java 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager Java SDK。在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    import com.google.cloud.secretmanager.v1.ProjectName;
import com.google.cloud.secretmanager.v1.Replication;
import com.google.cloud.secretmanager.v1.Secret;
import com.google.cloud.secretmanager.v1.SecretManagerServiceClient;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateSecret {

  public static void createSecret() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String secretId = "your-secret-id";
    createSecret(projectId, secretId);
  }

  // Create a new secret with automatic replication.
  public static void createSecret(String projectId, String secretId) throws IOException {
    // Initialize the client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be
    // created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests,
    // call the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (SecretManagerServiceClient client = SecretManagerServiceClient.create()) {
      // Build the parent name from the project.
      ProjectName projectName = ProjectName.of(projectId);

      // Optionally set a TTL for the secret. This demonstrates how to configure
      // a secret to be automatically deleted after a certain period. The TTL is
      // specified in seconds (e.g., 900 for 15 minutes). This can be useful
      // for managing sensitive data and reducing storage costs.
      Duration ttl = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(900).build();

      // Build the secret to create.
      Secret secret =
          Secret.newBuilder()
              .setReplication(
                  Replication.newBuilder()
                      .setAutomatic(Replication.Automatic.newBuilder().build())
                      .build())
              .setTtl(ttl)
              .build();

      // Create the secret.
      Secret createdSecret = client.createSecret(projectName, secretId, secret);
      System.out.printf("Created secret %s\n", createdSecret.getName());
    }
  }
}

    Node.js

    要运行此代码，请先设置 Node.js 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager Node.js SDK。在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    /**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const parent = 'projects/my-project';
// const secretId = 'my-secret';
// const ttl = undefined // Optional: Specify TTL in seconds (e.g., '900s' for 15 minutes).

// Imports the Secret Manager library
const {SecretManagerServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/secret-manager');

// Instantiates a client
const client = new SecretManagerServiceClient();

async function createSecret() {
  const secretConfig = {
    replication: {
      automatic: {},
    },
  };

  // Add TTL to the secret configuration if provided
  if (ttl) {
    secretConfig.ttl = {
      seconds: parseInt(ttl.replace('s', ''), 10),
    };
    console.log(`Secret TTL set to ${ttl}`);
  }

  const [secret] = await client.createSecret({
    parent: parent,
    secretId: secretId,
    secret: secretConfig,
  });

  console.log(`Created secret ${secret.name}`);
}

createSecret();

    PHP

    如需运行此代码，请先了解如何在 Google Cloud 上使用 PHP 和安装 Secret Manager PHP SDK。 在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    // Import the Secret Manager client library.
use Google\Cloud\SecretManager\V1\CreateSecretRequest;
use Google\Cloud\SecretManager\V1\Replication;
use Google\Cloud\SecretManager\V1\Replication\Automatic;
use Google\Cloud\SecretManager\V1\Secret;
use Google\Cloud\SecretManager\V1\Client\SecretManagerServiceClient;

/**
 * @param string $projectId Your Google Cloud Project ID (e.g. 'my-project')
 * @param string $secretId  Your secret ID (e.g. 'my-secret')
 */
function create_secret(string $projectId, string $secretId): void
{
    // Create the Secret Manager client.
    $client = new SecretManagerServiceClient();

    // Build the resource name of the parent project.
    $parent = $client->projectName($projectId);

    $secret = new Secret([
        'replication' => new Replication([
            'automatic' => new Automatic(),
        ]),
    ]);

    // Build the request.
    $request = CreateSecretRequest::build($parent, $secretId, $secret);

    // Create the secret.
    $newSecret = $client->createSecret($request);

    // Print the new secret name.
    printf('Created secret: %s', $newSecret->getName());
}

    Python

    要运行此代码，请先设置 Python 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager Python SDK。在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    # Import the Secret Manager client library.
from google.cloud import secretmanager


def create_secret(
    project_id: str, secret_id: str, ttl: Optional[str] = None
) -> secretmanager.Secret:
    """
    Create a new secret with the given name. A secret is a logical wrapper
    around a collection of secret versions. Secret versions hold the actual
    secret material.

     Args:
        project_id (str): The project ID where the secret is to be created.
        secret_id (str): The ID to assign to the new secret. This ID must be unique within the project.
        ttl (Optional[str]): An optional string that specifies the secret's time-to-live in seconds with
                             format (e.g., "900s" for 15 minutes). If specified, the secret
                             versions will be automatically deleted upon reaching the end of the TTL period.

    Returns:
        secretmanager.Secret: An object representing the newly created secret, containing details like the
                              secret's name, replication settings, and optionally its TTL.

    Example:
        # Create a secret with automatic replication and no TTL
        new_secret = create_secret("my-project", "my-new-secret")

        # Create a secret with a TTL of 30 days
        new_secret_with_ttl = create_secret("my-project", "my-timed-secret", "7776000s")
    """

    # Create the Secret Manager client.
    client = secretmanager.SecretManagerServiceClient()

    # Build the resource name of the parent project.
    parent = f"projects/{project_id}"

    # Create the secret.
    response = client.create_secret(
        request={
            "parent": parent,
            "secret_id": secret_id,
            "secret": {"replication": {"automatic": {}}, "ttl": ttl},
        }
    )

    # Print the new secret name.
    print(f"Created secret: {response.name}")

    Ruby

    要运行此代码，请先设置 Ruby 开发环境并安装 Secret Manager Ruby SDK。 在 Compute Engine 或 GKE 上，您必须使用 cloud-platform 范围进行身份验证。

    # project_id = "YOUR-GOOGLE-CLOUD-PROJECT"  # (e.g. "my-project")
# secret_id  = "YOUR-SECRET-ID"             # (e.g. "my-secret")

# Require the Secret Manager client library.
require "google/cloud/secret_manager"

# Create a Secret Manager client.
client = Google::Cloud::SecretManager.secret_manager_service

# Build the resource name of the parent project.
parent = client.project_path project: project_id

# Create the secret.
secret = client.create_secret(
  parent:    parent,
  secret_id: secret_id,
  secret:    {
    replication: {
      automatic: {}
    }
  }
)

# Print the new secret name.
puts "Created secret: #{secret.name}"

    如需为您的密文选择合适的复制政策，请参阅选择复制政策。

    添加 Secret 版本

    Secret Manager 会使用密文版本自动对密文数据进行版本控制。密钥操作（例如访问、销毁、停用和启用）会应用于特定的密文版本。借助 Secret Manager，您可以将密文与特定版本（例如 42）或动态别名（例如 latest）相关联。如需了解详情，请参阅添加 Secret 版本。

    访问密文版本

    如需访问特定密文版本中的密文数据以成功进行身份验证，请参阅访问密文版本。

    后续步骤