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Chapter 14: Cryogenics for the HL-LHC
/ Claudet, S (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Monneret, E (CERN) ; Perin, A (CERN) ; Sisti, M (CERN) ; Van Weelderen, R (CERN) ; Lees, A (CERN) ; Gahier, V (CERN) ; Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Delprat, L (CERN)
The discovery of a Higgs boson at CERN in 2012 was the start of a major program working to measure this particle’s properties with the highest possible precision for testing the validity of the Standard Model and to search for further new physics at the energy frontier. The LHC is in a unique position to pursue this program. [...]
2024 - 14 p.
- Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 341-354
Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.341-354
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Adaptation of the Cryogenic System Capacity for the LHC Dynamic Heat Load - Operational Experience
/ Brodzinski, Krzysztof (CERN) ; Bradu, Benjamin (CERN) ; Claudet, Serge (CERN) ; Delikaris, Dimitri (CERN) ; Delprat, Laurent (CERN) ; Ferlin, Gerard (CERN)
During second LHC physics operation period (Run2), between 2015 and 2018, the accelerator operation modes and beam parameters have been adapted thus allowing significantly improved integrated luminosity production. Increased energy, intensity and adapted beam operation schemes with 25 ns of inter-bunches spacing have an essential influence on the dynamic heat load generation with direct impact on the cryogenic cooling system. [...]
2018 - 4 p.
- Published in : 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPMF073
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 29 Apr - 4 May 2018, pp.WEPMF073
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3.
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Chapter 9: Cryogenics for the HL-LHC
/ Claudet, Serge (CERN) ; Ferlin, Gerard (CERN) ; Monneret, Emmanuel (CERN) ; Perin, Antonio (CERN) ; Pirotte, Olivier (CERN) ; Sisti, M (CERN) ; Van Weelderen, Rob (CERN)
The upgrade of the cryogenics for the HL-LHC will consist of the following:
- The design and installation of two new cryogenic plants at P1 and P5 for high luminosity insertions. This upgrade will be based on a new sectorization scheme aimed at separating the cooling of the magnets in these insertion regions from the arc magnets and considering the newt feedboxes and superconducting links located in underground infrastructures.
- The design and installation of a new cryogenic distribution lines (QXL) at P1 and P5 in the LHC tunnel and in a new underground service galleries.
- The upgrade of the existing cryogenic plant (QSRA and QURA) cooling the LHC sector 3-4 located at P4.
- The cryogenic design support for superconducting devices, such as magnets, crab cavities, superconducting links, and the hollow electron lenses.
Some other options such as new cryogenic circuits at P7 for the HTS links and displaced current feedboxes or a new cryoplant in P4 have been discarded..
2020 - 10 p.
- Published in : 10.23731/CYRM-2020-0010.189
Fulltext: PDF;
In : High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical design report, pp.189-198
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4.
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LHC cryogenics – new experience of run with increased beam energy and intensity
/ Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Claudet, S (CERN) ; Delikaris, D (CERN) ; Delprat, L (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Rogez, E (CERN) ; Tavian, L (CERN)
After the LHC first long shut down (LS1), when necessary consolidation and maintenance activities were performed on different technical systems, the Large Hadron Collider was progressively cooled down from ambient to operation temperatures from May of 2014. Prior to physics run with increased beam energy to 6.5 TeV/beam, increased beam intensity and modified beam injection scheme, several qualifications and tests affecting cryogenic system have been performed to ensure stable run of the accelerator. [...]
2017 - 9 p.
- Published in : IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 171 (2017) 012156
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 26th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2016, New Delhi, India, 7 - 11 Mar 2016, pp.012156
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5.
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LHC low beta quadrupole magnets: cryogenic refrigeration capacity and improved controls for luminosity optimization
/ Bradu, B (CERN) ; Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Gahier, V (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Younes-Cronnier, M (CERN)
The LHC low-beta quadrupole magnets, also known as “Inner Triplets”, are the final focusing magnets located on each side of the LHC interaction points. The design of the currently operated LHC Inner Triplets is based on NbTi superconducting technology. [...]
2023 - 3 p.
- Published in : JACoW IPAC 2023 (2023) WEPM094
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2023), Venice, Italy, 7 - 12 May 2023, pp.WEPM094
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LHC cryogenics – Run2 (2015) summary and perspectives
/ Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Claudet, S (CERN) ; Delikaris, D (CERN) ; Delprat, L (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Rogez, E (CERN) ; Tavian, L (CERN)
After LS1 the LHC cryogenic installation was progressively restarted from May
2014. Cool down, multiple tests and qualifications of the machine components
lasts for 10 months. [...]
Geneva : CERN, 2016 - 6 p.
- Published in : (2016) , pp. 33-38
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 6th Evian Workshop on LHC beam operation, Evian Les Bains, France, 15 - 17 Dec 2015, pp.33-38
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LHC Cryogenics - Strategy, unavailability root causes and limitations (RUN 2016)
/ Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Claudet, S (CERN) ; Delikaris, D (CERN) ; Delprat, L (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Rogez, E (CERN)
Run2 (2016) is considered as very successful year. The cryogenic availability indicated by Cryo Maintain (CM) interlock reached the level of 98.6 %. [...]
Geneva : CERN, 2017 - 4 p.
- Published in : (2017) , pp. 69-72
Fulltext: PDF;
In : 7th Evian Workshop on LHC beam operation, Evian Les Bains, France, 13 - 15 Dec 2016, pp.69-72
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Conceptual Design of the Cryogenic System for the High-luminosity Upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
/ Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Claudet, S (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN) ; Tavian, L (CERN) ; Wagner, U (CERN) ; Van Weelderen, R (CERN)
The discovery of a Higgs boson at CERN in 2012 is the start of a major program of work to measure this particle's properties with the highest possible precision for testing the validity of the Standard Model and to search for further new physics at the energy frontier. The LHC is in a unique position to pursue this program. [...]
2015 - 6 p.
- Published in : Phys. Procedia 67 (2015) 60-65
Elsevier Open Access article: PDF;
In : 25th International Cryogenic Conference & International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2014, Twente U., Enschede, The Netherlands, 07 - 11 Jul 2014, pp.60-65
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10.
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Cryogenic operational experience from the LHC physics run2 (2015 – 2018 inclusive)
/ Brodzinski, K (CERN) ; Bradu, B (CERN) ; Delprat, L (CERN) ; Ferlin, G (CERN)
With end of year 2018 the LHC has completed its second physics run and started its second two-years long shut down period dedicated to planned consolidation, maintenance and upgrade activities. The run2 – four-year physics operation period started in spring 2015 – was used mainly for luminosity production but also to allow the optimization and adaptability of the cryogenic system capacity to compensate for generated operational heat loads. [...]
IOP, 2020 - 8 p.
- Published in : IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 755 (2020) 012096
External link: Published fulltext
In : Conference on Cryogenic Engineering and on International Cryogenic Materials, Hartford, Connecticut, 21 - 25 Jul 2019, pp.012096
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