CERN Accelerating science

Article
Title	Simulations of Solenoid and Electrostatic Quadrupole Focusing of High Intensity Beams from ECR Ion Source at NSCL
Author(s)	Zhao, Qiang ; Balabin, Anatoly I ; Doleans, Marc ; Marti, Felix ; Stetson, Jeffry W ; Wu, Xiaoyu
Affiliation	(NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan)
Publication	2005
In:	21st IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA, 16 - 20 May 2005, pp.1336
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract	Solenoidal focusing has been widely used to focus beams at various injectors for its axisymmetric focusing with reasonable effectiveness. Experiments and simulations have shown that space charge effects can significantly deteriorate the beam quality when solenoidal focusing is used in a multi-component beam. This is due to the magnetic focusing strength dependence on the beam charge-to-mass ratio. Electrostatic quadrupole focusing has been explored as an alternate option at NSCL for the injection line of the superconducting cyclotron. We present in this paper the results of simulations for both systems. The electrostatic quadrupoles have been optimized to reduce the radial dependent aberrations and to increase the transmission efficiency.