CERN Accelerating science

Article
Title	Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere
Author(s)	He, Xu-Cheng (Helsinki U. ; Carnegie Mellon U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Simon, Mario (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Iyer, Siddharth (Tampere U. of Tech.) ; Xie, Hong-Bin (Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Rörup, Birte (Helsinki U.) ; Shen, Jiali (Helsinki U.) ; Finkenzeller, Henning (Colorado U. ; Colorado U., CIRES) ; Stolzenburg, Dominik (Helsinki U. ; Vienna U.) ; Zhang, Rongjie (Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Baccarini, Andrea (PSI, Villigen ; Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Tham, Yee Jun (Helsinki U. ; Zhongshan U., Zhuhai) ; Wang, Mingyi (Caltech) ; Amanatidis, Stavros (Caltech) ; Piedehierro, Ana A (Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Amorim, Antonio (CMAF, Lisbon) ; Baalbaki, Rima (Helsinki U.) ; Brasseur, Zoé (Helsinki U.) ; Caudillo, Lucía (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Chu, Biwu (Helsinki U. ; Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Dada, Lubna (Helsinki U. ; PSI, Villigen) ; Duplissy, Jonathan (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Haddad, Imad El (PSI, Villigen) ; Flagan, Richard C (Caltech) ; Granzin, Manuel (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Hansel, Armin (Innsbruck U.) ; Heinritzi, Martin (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Hofbauer, Victoria (Carnegie Mellon U.) ; Jokinen, Tuija (Helsinki U. ; Cyprus Inst.) ; Kemppainen, Deniz (Helsinki U.) ; Kong, Weimeng (Caltech) ; Krechmer, Jordan (New England Nucl.) ; Kürten, Andreas (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Lamkaddam, Houssni (PSI, Villigen) ; Lopez, Brandon (Carnegie Mellon U.) ; Ma, Fangfang (Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Mahfouz, Naser G A (Carnegie Mellon U.) ; Makhmutov, Vladimir (Lebedev Inst. ; Moscow, MIPT) ; Manninen, Hanna E (CERN) ; Marie, Guillaume (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Marten, Ruby (PSI, Villigen) ; Massabò, Dario (Genoa U. ; INFN, Genoa) ; Mauldin, Roy L (Carnegie Mellon U. ; Colorado U.) ; Mentler, Bernhard (Innsbruck U.) ; Onnela, Antti (CERN) ; Petäjä, Tuukka (Helsinki U.) ; Pfeifer, Joschka (CERN) ; Philippov, Maxim (Lebedev Inst.) ; Ranjithkumar, Ananth (British Antarctic Survey) ; Rissanen, Matti P (Tampere U. of Tech. ; Helsinki U.) ; Schobesberger, Siegfried (Aalto U.) ; Scholz, Wiebke (Innsbruck U.) ; Schulze, Benjamin (Caltech) ; Surdu, Mihnea (PSI, Villigen) ; Thakur, Roseline C (Helsinki U.) ; Tomé, António (Beira Interior U., Covilha ; UBI, Covilha) ; Wagner, Andrea C (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Wang, Dongyu (PSI, Villigen) ; Wang, Yonghong (Helsinki U. ; Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Weber, Stefan K (CERN ; Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Welti, André (Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Winkler, Paul M (Vienna U.) ; Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Baltensperger, Urs (PSI, Villigen) ; Curtius, Joachim (Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Kurtén, Theo (Helsinki U.) ; Worsnop, Douglas R (Helsinki U. ; New England Nucl.) ; Volkamer, Rainer (Colorado U. ; Colorado U., CIRES) ; Lehtipalo, Katrianne (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Kirkby, Jasper (CERN ; Frankfurt U., FIAS ; Frankfurt U.) ; Donahue, Neil M (Carnegie Mellon U.) ; Sipilä, Mikko (Helsinki U.) ; Kulmala, Markku (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys. ; Nanjing U. (main) ; Beijing U. of Chem. Tech.)
Publication	2023
Number of pages	7
In:	Science 382 (2023) adh2526
DOI	10.1126/science.adh2526
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CLOUD
Abstract	The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H2SO4), stabilized by ammonia (NH3). However, in marine and polar regions, NH3 is generally low, and H2SO4 is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIOx, i.e., iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2)]. In experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated the interplay of H2SO4 and HIOx during atmospheric particle nucleation. We found that HIOx greatly enhances H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO3 strongly binds with H2SO4 in charged clusters so they drive particle nucleation synergistically. Second, HIO2 substitutes for NH3, forming strongly bound H2SO4-HIO2 acid-base pairs in molecular clusters. Global observations imply that HIOx is enhancing H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation rates 10- to 10,000-fold in marine and polar regions.
Copyright/License	preprint: © 2023-2024 The Authors (License: CC-BY-4.0) publication: (exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science)

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