|
Author(s)
|
Tanaka, Hiroyuki K M (Tokyo U.) ; Bozza, Cristiano (Salerno U.) ; Bross, Alan (Fermilab) ; Cantoni, Elena (INFN, Turin) ; Catalano, Osvaldo (IASF, Palermo) ; Cerretto, Giancarlo (INFN, Turin) ; Giammanco, Andrea (Louvain U.) ; Gluyas, Jon (Durham U.) ; Gnesi, Ivan (Enrico Fermi Ctr., Rome ; Frascati ; CERN) ; Holma, Marko (Oulu U.) ; Kin, Tadahiro (Kyushu U.) ; Roche, Ignacio Lázaro (LSBB, Rustrel) ; Leone, Giovanni (U. Atacama, Copiapo) ; Liu, Zhiyi (Lanzhou U.) ; Presti, Domenico Lo (Catania U.) ; Marteau, Jacques (IP2I, Lyon) ; Matsushima, Jun (Tokyo U.) ; Oláh, László (Tokyo U.) ; Polukhina, Natalia (Lebedev Inst.) ; Ramakrishna, Surireddi S V S (Andhra U.) ; Sellone, Marco (INFN, Turin) ; Shinohara, Armando Hideki (Pernambuco U.) ; Steigerwald, Sara (U. Tokyo (main)) ; Sumiya, Kenji (U. Tokyo (main)) ; Thompson, Lee (Sheffield U.) ; Tioukov, Valeri (INFN, Naples) ; Yokota, Yusuke (Tokyo U.) ; Varga, Dezső (Wigner RCP, Budapest) |
|
Abstract
| Muography takes advantage of the specific properties of cosmic-ray
muons, relativistic leptons that are much heavier than electrons.
Cosmic-ray muons have strong penetrating power and a relativistic
nature, which means they can be used in a range of technologies,
including imagery; positioning, navigation, timing (PNT); and secured
communication in environments where conventional techniques are
unavailable. As cosmic-ray muons are universally present on Earth,
muographic measurements can be conducted in the same manner
across the globe. Similar results have been produced independent of
where measurements were taken. This has enabled the muographic
field to grow and develop into a powerful tool for investigating natural
phenomena, cultural heritage and PNT. This Primer is intended as an
introductory article that introduces new and established muographic
techniques. Case studies are provided, with examples from recent
interdisciplinary advances. Data reproducibility and limitations are
discussed, before finishing with an outlook of future developments. |