Solar Parameters in Long-Baseline Accelerator Neutrino Oscillations

Denton, Peter B.; Gehrlein, Julia

doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2023)090

Article
Report number	arXiv:2302.08513 ; CERN-TH-2023-015 ; CERN-TH-2023-015
Title	Solar Parameters in Long-Baseline Accelerator Neutrino Oscillations
Related title	Here Comes the Sun: Solar Parameters in Long-Baseline Accelerator Neutrino Oscillations
Author(s)	Denton, Peter B. (Brookhaven) ; Gehrlein, Julia (Brookhaven ; CERN)
Publication	2023-06-15
Imprint	2023-02-16
Number of pages	29
Note	29 pages, 13 figures, comments welcome! v2: matches published version
In:	JHEP 2306 (2023) 090
DOI	10.1007/JHEP06(2023)090
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; hep-ph ; Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract	Long-baseline (LBL) accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments, such as NOvA and T2K in the current generation, and DUNE-LBL and HK-LBL in the coming years, will measure the remaining unknown oscillation parameters with excellent precision. These analyses assume external input on the so-called ``solar parameters,''$\theta_{12}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}$, from solar experiments such as SNO, SK, and Borexino, as well as reactor experiments like KamLAND. Here we investigate their role in long-baseline experiments. We show that, without external input on $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\theta_{12}$, the sensitivity to detecting and quantifying CP violation is significantly, but not entirely, reduced. Thus long-baseline accelerator experiments can actually determine $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\theta_{12}$, and thus all six oscillation parameters, without input from \emph{any} other oscillation experiment. In particular, $\Delta m^2_{21}$ can be determined; thus DUNE-LBL and HK-LBL can measure both the solar and atmospheric mass splittings in their long-baseline analyses alone. While their sensitivities are not competitive with existing constraints, they are very orthogonal probes of solar parameters and provide a key consistency check of a less probed sector of the three-flavor oscillation picture. Furthermore, we also show that the true values of $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\theta_{12}$ play an important role in the sensitivity of other oscillation parameters such as the CP violating phase $\delta$.
Copyright/License	publication: (License: CC-BY-4.0), sponsored by SCOAP³ preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0)

$The oscillation probability at DUNE-LBL for $\delta=0,~90^\circ,~180^\circ,~270^\circ$ and fixing the oscillation parameters to the benchmark scenario defined in tab.~\ref{tab:solar bf} and in the text as a function of energy are shown as colored lines. The blue regions show the extreme values of the probability assuming $\delta=-90^\circ$ varying either $\theta_{12}$ between 0 and $45^\circ$ (top) or $\Delta m_{21}^2$ between $-\Delta m_{31}^2$ and $\Delta m_{31}^2$ (bottom). If the colored lines are contained in the blue regions $\delta=-90^\circ$ cannot be easily distinguished from other values of $\delta$ without a prior on the solar parameter.$ $The oscillation probability at DUNE-LBL for $\delta=0,~90^\circ,~180^\circ,~270^\circ$ and fixing the oscillation parameters to the benchmark scenario defined in tab.~\ref{tab:solar bf} and in the text as a function of energy are shown as colored lines. The blue regions show the extreme values of the probability assuming $\delta=-90^\circ$ varying either $\theta_{12}$ between 0 and $45^\circ$ (top) or $\Delta m_{21}^2$ between $-\Delta m_{31}^2$ and $\Delta m_{31}^2$ (bottom). If the colored lines are contained in the blue regions $\delta=-90^\circ$ cannot be easily distinguished from other values of $\delta$ without a prior on the solar parameter.$ $The comparison on the preferred values of the five oscillation parameters (not including $\delta$) from the three primary global fits \cite{deSalas:2020pgw,Esteban:2020cvm,Capozzi:2021fjo}. The quoted $1\sigma$ uncertainties are shown and the normal ordering is assumed. The vertical dashed line is at the weighted average and the spread is rescaled to fit on the same scale; $s_{23}^2$ is rescaled $2.5\times$ as much as the other parameters.$ Show more plots

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