IOP : Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector

Abe, K.; Hiraide, K.; Drapier, O.; Matsumoto, R.; Kameda, J.; Hartfiel, B.L.; Jenkins, S.J.; McElwee, J.M.; Ali, A.; Kim, S.B.; McLachlan, T.; Suzuki, K.; Shiozawa, T.; Nakajima, Y.; Keig, W.E.; Intonti, R.A.; Paganini, P.; Yokozawa, T.; Nakamura, T.; Muto, F.; Sekiya, H.; Huang, K.; Ospina, N.; Tanaka, M.; Choi, Y.; Mori, T.; Catanesi, M.G.; Sakai, S.; Prouse, N.W.; Hignight, J.; Tateishi, K.; Mori, M.; Suzuki, A.T.; Barrow, D.; Okamoto, K.; Matsubara, T.; Ito, K.; Sakashita, K.; Yano, T.; Hiraki, T.; Calland, R.G.; Ishida, T.; Migenda, J.; Ishino, H.; Horai, T.; Bravo-Berguño, D.; El Hedri, S.; Sulak, L.R.; Totsuka, Y.; Akutsu, R.; Mitsuka, G.; Hartz, M.; Ikeda, M.; Takeuchi, Y.; Wascko, M.O.; Tobayama, S.; Mehta, P.; Xia, J.; Samani, S.; Fernandez, P.; Koshiba, M.; Ganezer, K.S.; Kanemura, Y.; Frankiewicz, K.; Mochizuki, T.; Murase, M.; Han, S.; Nagao, Y.; Thompson, L.F.; Kametani, I.; Ishitsuka, M.; Jiang, M.; Cook, L.; Takenaka, A.; Nakayama, S.; Sakuda, M.; Wongjirad, T.; Kearns, E.; Nakaya, T.; Marti, Ll.; Ma, W.Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Radicioni, E.; Takeda, A.; Anthony, L.H.V.; Jakkapu, M.; Kato, Y.; Renshaw, A.; Sekiguchi, T.; Ishii, T.; Nakano, Y.; Mine, S.; Pritchard, A.; Niwa, T.; Ichikawa, A.K.; Pronost, G.; Posiadala-Zezula, M.; Kajita, T.; Shiozawa, M.; Haga, Y.; Zsoldos, S.; Megias, G.D.; Goldsack, A.; Konaka, A.; Di Lodovico, F.; Harada, M.; Suda, Y.; Feng, J.; Lim, I.T.; Nakamura, KE.; Shinoki, M.; Blaszczyk, F.d.M.; Stone, O.; Sobel, H.W.; Bronner, C.; Ueno, K.; Miyabe, H.; Martin, J.F.; Sano, S.; Yokoyama, M.; Tsukamoto, T.; McCauley, N.; Nakahata, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Iyogi, K.; Nishijima, K.; Cole, A.; Suzuki, T.; Yang, J.Y.; Yoshida, T.; Friend, M.; de Perio, P.; Scholberg, K.; Akiri, T.; Sasaki, R.; Miura, M.; Yasutome, K.; Tanaka, H.; Amey, J.; Gonin, M.; Ito, H.; Inomoto, M.; Ohta, K.; Jiang, J.; Jang, J.S.; Takahashi, S.; Kotsar, Y.; Griskevich, N.J.; Vilela, C.; Yamaguchi, R.; Imber, J.; De Rosa, G.; Okajima, Y.; Elnimr, M.; Hagiwara, K.; Koshio, Y.; Murdoch, M.; Xu, C.; Gustafson, J.; Nishimura, Y.; Pointon, B.W.; Martens, K.; Kim, J.Y.; Lee, K.P.; Wark, D.; Ishizuka, T.; Wilking, M.J.; Tanaka, H.A.; Hong, N.; Wester, T.; Connolly, K.; Wan, L.; Kuno, Y.; Lamoureux, M.; Uchida, Y.; Matsuno, S.; Li, X.; Hadley, D.; Ashida, Y.; Nakamura, K.; Bian, J.; Molina Sedgwick, S.; Piplani, N.; Iacob, F.; Hayato, Y.; Sonoda, Y.; Tsukada, M.; Berkman, S.; Collazuol, G.; Labarga, L.; Ma, W.; Kuze, M.; Abe, K.E.; Iwamoto, K.; Wendell, R.A.; Richards, B.; Goldhaber, M.; Wilkes, R.J.; Locke, S.; Pintaudi, G.; Himmel, A.; Kikawa, T.; Tacik, R.; Imaizumi, S.; Takahira, Y.; Stone, J.L.; Hill, J.; Yamamoto, S.; Palomino, J.L.; Chen, S.; Okumura, K.; Boschi, T.; Mijakowski, P.; Machado, L.N.; Bernard, L.; Barr, G.; Smy, M.B.; Sussman, S.; Oyama, Y.; Carminati, G.; Park, R.G.; Choi, K.; Irvine, T.; Jung, C.K.; Menjo, H.; Yanagisawa, C.; Patel, N.D.; Bodur, B.; Jamieson, B.; Vagins, M.R.; Sato, K.; Kibayashi, A.; Isobe, Y.; Yu, I.; Watanabe, S.; Miki, S.; Xu, B.D.; Maekawa, Y.; Orii, A.; Okada, T.; Ludovici, L.; Nakajima, T.; Kataoka, Y.; Richard, E.; Moriyama, S.; Kishimoto, Y.; Fukuda, D.; Towstego, T.; Walter, C.W.; Itow, Y.; Giampaolo, A.; Cao, S.; Kachulis, C.; Kropp, W.R.; Malek, M.; Thiesse, M.D.; Hamabe, D.; Ogawa, N.; Kitagawa, H.; Learned, J.G.; Tsui, K.M.; Kaneyuki, K.; Mueller, Th.A.; Walker, J.; Sugimoto, T.; Sztuc, A.A.; Smith, S.N.; Minamino, A.; Hirota, S.; O'Sullivan, E.; Zhang, Y.; Zaldivar, B.; Coffani, A.; Raaf, J.L.; Taani, M.; Hasegawa, M.; Ito, S.; Li, Z.; Tashiro, T.; Nagata, H.; Ozaki, H.; Quilain, B.; Izumiyama, S.; Okazawa, H.; Weatherly, P.; Nakadaira, T.; Nantais, C.M.; Santucci, G.; Kayano, T.; Hayashino, T.; Simpson, C.; Litchfield, R.P.; Marin, D.; Ieki, K.; Nova, F.; Takemoto, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Calabria, N.F.; Takhistov, V.; Tomura, T.; Hasegawa, T.; Berardi, V.; Wang, R.; Murakami, A.; Tasaka, S.
doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/P10029
002839257 001__ 2839257
002839257 003__ SzGeCERN
002839257 005__ 20241107045328.0
002839257 0247_ $$2DOI$$9IOP$$a10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/P10029
002839257 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2839257$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
002839257 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:2209.08609$$chep-ex
002839257 037__ $$aFERMILAB-PUB-22-873-ND
002839257 035__ $$9HAL$$ahal-03796038
002839257 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:2153602$$d2024-11-05T18:39:28Z$$h2024-11-07T03:09:59Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002839257 035__ $$9Inspire$$a2153602
002839257 041__ $$aeng
002839257 100__ $$aAbe, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 245__ $$9IOP$$aNeutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
002839257 269__ $$c2022-09-18
002839257 260__ $$c2022-10-18
002839257 300__ $$a40 p
002839257 520__ $$9IOP$$aWe present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in
 Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection
 efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%,
 with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of
 the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the
 tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration
 agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was
 performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data,
 identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted
 neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218±9 μs.
002839257 520__ $$9arXiv$$aWe present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 \pm 9 \mu s.
002839257 540__ $$3publication$$aCC-BY-4.0$$bIOP$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
002839257 540__ $$3preprint$$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002839257 542__ $$3publication$$dThe Author(s)$$g2022
002839257 65017 $$2INSPIRE$$ahep-ex
002839257 65017 $$2INSPIRE$$aastro-ph.IM
002839257 65017 $$2INSPIRE$$aphysics.ins-det
002839257 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aParticle Physics - Experiment
002839257 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aDetectors and Experimental Techniques
002839257 6531_ $$9author$$aParticle identification methods
002839257 6531_ $$9author$$aCherenkov detectors
002839257 6531_ $$9author$$aNeutrino detectors
002839257 6531_ $$9author$$aLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
002839257 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002839257 690C_ $$aCERN
002839257 693__ $$aSUPER KAMIOKANDE
002839257 700__ $$aHaga, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHayato, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan$$vCorresponding author.
002839257 700__ $$aHiraide, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIeki, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIkeda, M.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aImaizumi, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIyogi, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKameda, J.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKanemura, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKataoka, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKato, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKishimoto, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan$$vCurrently at Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aMiki, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMine, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMiura, M.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMochizuki, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMoriyama, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNagao, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakahata, M.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakajima, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakano, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakayama, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOkada, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOkamoto, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOrii, A.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vCurrently at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aSato, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSekiya, H.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aShiozawa, M.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSonoda, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSuzuki, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakeda, A.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakemoto, Y.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakenaka, A.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vCurrently at School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
002839257 700__ $$aTanaka, H.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTasaka, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTomura, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan$$vCurrently at Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aUeno, K.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vCurrently at Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aWatanabe, S.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYano, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYokozawa, T.$$uKamioka Observ.$$vKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan$$vCurrently at Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aHan, S.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIrvine, T.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKajita, T.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$uILANCE, Tokyo$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan$$vILANCE, CNRS — University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKametani, I.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKaneyuki, K.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aLee, K.P.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMcLachlan, T.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOkumura, K.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aRichard, E.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTashiro, T.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWang, R.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aXia, J.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vResearch Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMegias, G.D.$$uTokyo U., ICRR$$vInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aBravo-Berguño, D.$$uMadrid, Autonoma U.$$vDepartment of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
002839257 700__ $$aLabarga, L.$$uMadrid, Autonoma U.$$vDepartment of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
002839257 700__ $$aZaldivar, B.$$uMadrid, Autonoma U.$$vDepartment of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
002839257 700__ $$aGoldhaber, M.$$uBrookhaven$$vPhysics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A.$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aBlaszczyk, F.d.M.$$uBoston U.$$uFermilab$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aGustafson, J.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aKachulis, C.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aKearns, E.$$uBoston U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aRaaf, J.L.$$uBoston U.$$uFermilab$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aStone, J.L.$$uBoston U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSulak, L.R.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aSussman, S.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aWan, L.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aWester, T.$$uBoston U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aPointon, B.W.$$uSimon Fraser U., Burnaby (main)$$uTRIUMF$$vDepartment of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, V5G 3H2, Canada$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aBian, J.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aCarminati, G.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aElnimr, M.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aGriskevich, N.J.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aKropp, W.R.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aLocke, S.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aRenshaw, A.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aSmy, M.B.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aSobel, H.W.$$uUC, Irvine$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakhistov, V.$$uUC, Irvine$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWeatherly, P.$$uUC, Irvine$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aGanezer, K.S.$$uCal State, Dominguez Hills$$vDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, U.S.A.$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aHartfiel, B.L.$$uCal State, Dominguez Hills$$vDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aHill, J.$$uCal State, Dominguez Hills$$vDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aKeig, W.E.$$uCal State, Dominguez Hills$$vDepartment of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aHong, N.$$uChonnam Natl. U.$$vInstitute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aKim, J.Y.$$uChonnam Natl. U.$$vInstitute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aLim, I.T.$$uChonnam Natl. U.$$vInstitute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aPark, R.G.$$uChonnam Natl. U.$$vInstitute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aAkiri, T.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aBodur, B.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aHimmel, A.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aLi, Z.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
002839257 700__ $$aO'Sullivan, E.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
002839257 700__ $$aScholberg, K.$$uDuke U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWalter, C.W.$$uDuke U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWongjirad, T.$$uDuke U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Department of physics and astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aBernard, L.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aCoffani, A.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aDrapier, O.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aEl Hedri, S.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aGiampaolo, A.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aImber, J.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aMueller, Th.A.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aPaganini, P.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aQuilain, B.$$uEcole Polytechnique$$vEcole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
002839257 700__ $$aIshizuka, T.$$uFukuoka Inst. Tech.$$vJunior College, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakamura, T.$$uGifu U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aJang, J.S.$$uGIST, Gwangju$$vGIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aChoi, K.$$uHawaii U.$$uHawaii Pacific U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Dajeon, 34126, Korea.
002839257 700__ $$aLearned, J.G.$$uHawaii U.$$uHawaii Pacific U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aMatsuno, S.$$uHawaii U.$$uHawaii Pacific U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aSmith, S.N.$$uHawaii U.$$uHawaii Pacific U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aAmey, J.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aAnthony, L.H.V.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aLitchfield, R.P.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom$$vCurrently at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
002839257 700__ $$aMa, W.Y.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom$$vCurrently at DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
002839257 700__ $$aMarin, D.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aSztuc, A.A.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aUchida, Y.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aWascko, M.O.$$uImperial Coll., London$$vDepartment of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aBerardi, V.$$uBari Polytechnic$$vDipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125, Bari, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aCatanesi, M.G.$$uBari Polytechnic$$vDipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125, Bari, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aIntonti, R.A.$$uBari Polytechnic$$vDipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125, Bari, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aRadicioni, E.$$uBari Polytechnic$$vDipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125, Bari, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aCalabria, N.F.$$uNaples U.$$uINFN, Naples$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aDe Rosa, G.$$uNaples U.$$uINFN, Naples$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aMachado, L.N.$$uNaples U.$$uINFN, Naples$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aCollazuol, G.$$uPadua U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aIacob, F.$$uPadua U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aLamoureux, M.$$uPadua U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aOspina, N.$$uPadua U.$$vDipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aLudovici, L.$$uINFN, Rome$$uRome U.$$vINFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185, Roma, Italy
002839257 700__ $$aGonin, M.$$uILANCE, Tokyo$$vILANCE, CNRS — University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aPronost, G.$$uILANCE, Tokyo$$vILANCE, CNRS — University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMaekawa, Y.$$uKeio U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNishimura, Y.$$uKeio U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aCao, S.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan$$vCurrently at Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education, ICISE, Quy Nhon, 55121, Vietnam.
002839257 700__ $$aFriend, M.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHasegawa, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIshida, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIshii, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aJakkapu, M.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKobayashi, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMatsubara, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakadaira, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakamura, K.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOyama, Y.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSakashita, K.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSekiguchi, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTsukamoto, T.$$uKEK, Tsukuba$$uJAERI, Tokai$$vHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aBoschi, T.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aDi Lodovico, F.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aMigenda, J.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aMolina Sedgwick, S.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.$$vCurrently at Department de Fisica Teorica, Universitat de Valencia, and Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, CSIC, Universitat de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
002839257 700__ $$aTaani, M.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aZsoldos, S.$$uKing's Coll. London$$vDepartment of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aAbe, K.E.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHasegawa, M.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIsobe, Y.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKotsar, Y.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMiyabe, H.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOzaki, H.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aShiozawa, T.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSugimoto, T.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSuzuki, A.T.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakeuchi, Y.$$uKobe U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYamamoto, S.$$uKobe U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aAli, A.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at University of Winnipeg, R3B2E9, Canada.
002839257 700__ $$aAshida, Y.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aBronner, C.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aFeng, J.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHayashino, T.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHiraki, T.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aHirota, S.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHuang, K.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aJiang, M.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKikawa, T.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMori, M.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aMurakami, A.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakamura, KE.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakaya, T.$$uKyoto U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aPatel, N.D.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSuzuki, K.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aTakahashi, S.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vCurrently at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aTateishi, K.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWendell, R.A.$$uKyoto U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYasutome, K.$$uKyoto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aFernandez, P.$$uLiverpool U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom$$vCurrently at Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia, 20018, Spain.
002839257 700__ $$aMcCauley, N.$$uLiverpool U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aMehta, P.$$uLiverpool U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aPritchard, A.$$uLiverpool U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aTsui, K.M.$$uLiverpool U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aFukuda, Y.$$uMiyagi U. of Education$$vDepartment of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aItow, Y.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan$$vKobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMenjo, H.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMitsuka, G.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan$$vCurrently at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
002839257 700__ $$aMurase, M.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMuto, F.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNiwa, T.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSuzuki, T.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTsukada, M.$$uNagoya U., ISEE$$vInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aFrankiewicz, K.$$uJyvaskyla U.$$uHelsinki Inst. of Phys.$$vNational Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland$$vCurrently at Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aMijakowski, P.$$uJyvaskyla U.$$uHelsinki Inst. of Phys.$$vNational Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
002839257 700__ $$aHignight, J.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Dept. of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
002839257 700__ $$aJiang, J.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aJung, C.K.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aLi, X.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aPalomino, J.L.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 60616, IL, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aSantucci, G.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
002839257 700__ $$aVilela, C.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$uCERN$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.$$vCurrently at EP Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 24, Switzerland.
002839257 700__ $$aWilking, M.J.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aYanagisawa, C.$$uSUNY, Stony Brook$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.$$vAlso at BMCC/CUNY, Science Department, New York New York, 1007, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aFukuda, D.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHagiwara, K.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHarada, M.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHorai, T.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIshino, H.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIto, S.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKayano, T.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKibayashi, A.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKitagawa, H.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKoshio, Y.$$uOkayama U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMa, W.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMori, T.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNagata, H.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aPiplani, N.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSakai, S.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSakuda, M.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTakahira, Y.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aXu, C.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYamaguchi, R.$$uOkayama U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKuno, Y.$$uOsaka U. (main)$$vDepartment of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aBarr, G.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aBarrow, D.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aCook, L.$$uOxford U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aGoldsack, A.$$uOxford U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSamani, S.$$uOxford U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aSimpson, C.$$uOxford U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aWark, D.$$uOxford U.$$uRutherford$$vDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom$$vSTFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aNova, F.$$uRutherford$$vRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0QX, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aTacik, R.$$uRegina U.$$uTRIUMF$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4SOA2, Canada$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aYang, J.Y.$$uSeoul Natl. U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aCole, A.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aJenkins, S.J.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aMalek, M.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aMcElwee, J.M.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aStone, O.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aThiesse, M.D.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aThompson, L.F.$$uSheffield U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, United Kingdom
002839257 700__ $$aOkazawa, H.$$uShizuoka U., Ohya$$vDepartment of Informatics in Social Welfare, Shizuoka University of Welfare, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8611, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aChoi, Y.$$uSungkyunkwan U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aKim, S.B.$$uSungkyunkwan U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aYu, I.$$uSungkyunkwan U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
002839257 700__ $$aIchikawa, A.K.$$uTohoku U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakamura, K.$$uTohoku U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIto, K.$$uTokai U., Hiratsuka$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNishijima, K.$$uTokai U., Hiratsuka$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aCalland, R.G.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$ade Perio, P.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMartens, K.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMurdoch, M.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aVagins, M.R.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$uUC, Irvine$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aKoshiba, M.$$uTokyo U., ICEPP$$vThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aTotsuka, Y.$$uTokyo U., ICEPP$$vThe University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan$$vDeceased.
002839257 700__ $$aIwamoto, K.$$uTokyo U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aNakajima, Y.$$uTokyo U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOgawa, N.$$uTokyo U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSuda, Y.$$uTokyo U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYokoyama, M.$$uTokyo U.$$uU. Tokyo (main)$$uTokyo U., IPMU$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan$$vKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aHamabe, D.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIzumiyama, S.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aKuze, M.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOkajima, Y.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aTanaka, M.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aYoshida, T.$$uTokyo Inst. Tech.$$vDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aInomoto, M.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIshitsuka, M.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aIto, H.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMatsumoto, R.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOhta, K.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aShinoki, M.$$uTokyo U. of Sci., Noda Campus$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMartin, J.F.$$uToronto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aNantais, C.M.$$uToronto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aTanaka, H.A.$$uToronto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aTowstego, T.$$uToronto U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aAkutsu, R.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aHartz, M.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aKonaka, A.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aProuse, N.W.$$uTRIUMF$$vTRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aChen, S.$$uTsinghua U., Beijing$$vDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
002839257 700__ $$aXu, B.D.$$uTsinghua U., Beijing$$vDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
002839257 700__ $$aZhang, Y.$$uTsinghua U., Beijing$$vDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
002839257 700__ $$aBerkman, S.$$uBritish Columbia U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada$$vCurrently at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aTobayama, S.$$uBritish Columbia U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aConnolly, K.$$uWashington U., Seattle$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aWilkes, R.J.$$uWashington U., Seattle$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, U.S.A.
002839257 700__ $$aPosiadala-Zezula, M.$$uWarsaw U.$$vFaculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
002839257 700__ $$aHadley, D.$$uWarwick U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aRichards, B.$$uWarwick U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
002839257 700__ $$aJamieson, B.$$uWinnipeg U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Winnipeg, MB R3J 3L8, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aWalker, J.$$uWinnipeg U.$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Winnipeg, MB R3J 3L8, Canada
002839257 700__ $$aMarti, Ll.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aMinamino, A.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aOkamoto, K.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aPintaudi, G.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSano, S.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 700__ $$aSasaki, R.$$uYokohama Natl. U.$$vFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
002839257 710__ $$gSuper-Kamiokande Collaboration
002839257 773__ $$cP10029$$n10$$pJINST$$v17$$y2022
002839257 8564_ $$uhttps://lss.fnal.gov/archive/2022/pub/fermilab-pub-22-873-nd.pdf$$yFermilab Library Server
002839257 8564_ $$82404313$$s9160$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_N10.png$$y00024 The $N_{10}$ distribution after the initial selection (left). Black points show the data after background subtraction and the red histogram shows the true neutron distribution from the Monte-Carlo simulation. The photon collection efficiency is set to its nominal value in this figure. The $\chi^{2}$ distribution from a fit to the data as a function of the simulated photon detection efficiency (right). Black points show the data and the red line shows the result of a fit with a parabolic function.
002839257 8564_ $$82404314$$s16117$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n10.png$$y00031 Distributions of the number of hits in 10~ns variable, $N_{10}$ for $N_{10} \geq 5$ (left) and the number of hits in 300~ns variable, $N_{300} - N_{10}$ (right). The signal events tend to give larger $N_{10}$ compared to the background. $N_{10}$ is expected to have a larger fraction of $N_{300}$ for the signal compared to the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404315$$s7806$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n10raw_n10_neutron.png$$y00005 Distributions of $N^\text{RAW}_{10}$ and $N_{10}$ (see text for definitions) for background clusters (left) and true neutron clusters (right).     Both histograms were made using the same number of primary atmospheric neutrino MC events.
002839257 8564_ $$82404316$$s35195$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/fpdis.png$$y00052 Distributions of the distance between the reconstructed verticies of Neut-Fit and BONSAI, $(NF-BS)_{\rm dis}$ (left), and the distance between Neut-Fit the reconstructed verticies of Neut-Fit and APFit, $(NF-AP)_{\rm dis}$, (right). These two values are expected to have a peak close to 0 because the vertexes from the two different reconstructions are expected to be similar for signal but this is not necessarily true for the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404317$$s31306$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/accepave.png$$y00041 Distributions of the acceptance parameter, $P_{\rm{Acceptance}}$ (left) and the Cherenkov angle likelihood parameter, $L_\text{Cherenkov}$ (right). $P_{\rm{Acceptance}}$ is larger for the signal events and $L_\text{Cherenkov}$ is expected to be smaller for the signal, respectively.
002839257 8564_ $$82404318$$s15660$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/min_trms.png$$y00009 The selection of $min(t_{\rm rms})$ hit clusters. Optimal selections for clusters of 3-6 hits are shown for an example candidate where $N_{10} = 8$. Possible background hits on the fringes of the candidate time are ignored.
002839257 8564_ $$82404319$$s11450$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nhits_2.2MeV.png$$y00003 Number of hit PMTs in SK for 2.2 MeV $\gamma$ using the SK detector simulation program. No noise are simulated and only the Cherenkov photons from the 2.2 MeV $\gamma$ are recorded. The black histogram shows the total number of PMT hits. The blue histogram shows the largest number of hit PMTs in 10~ns obtained by using the 10~ns sliding window. In searching for the largest number of hit PMTs, the time-of-flight (ToF) from the generated point of 2.2 MeV $\gamma$ is subtracted from each timing of PMT hit.
002839257 8564_ $$82404320$$s121160$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n300pic.png$$y00008 The usefulness of the $N_{300}$ cut: (a) shows a typical neutron capture event and (b) shows a hypothetical background signal to be rejected. The blue bars show dark noise hits and red bars show the hits from Cherenkov photons.
002839257 8564_ $$82404321$$s29693$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/Neutron_sketch.png$$y00000 A sketch of neutron production and capture by hydrogen. Anti-neutrino charged current quasi-elastic scattering produces a neutron. The neutron travels in the SK detector (water), thermalized, and eventually capture by hydrogen. When the neutron is captured by hydrogen, 2.2 MeV gamma-ray is emitted.
002839257 8564_ $$82404322$$s15519$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/fwall.png$$y00049 Distributions of the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by BONSAI and the nearest inner detector wall, $BS_{\rm wall}$ (top left), the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by Neut-Fit and the nearest inner detector wall, $NF_{\rm wall}$ (top left), and the energy reconstructed by BONSAI, $BS_{\rm energy}$ (bottom). The normalization of $BS_{\rm energy}$ is different for the signal and the background, as many background events fail to be reconstructed at this stage. The background events concentrate close to the wall but the signal does not, as shown in both top plots, $BS_{\rm wall}$ and $NF_{\rm wall}$, if signal events are correctly reconstructed. The reconstructed energy, $BS_{\rm energy}$, is expected to have peak at 2.2 MeV for signal but not for background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404323$$s31621$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tbeta1.png$$y00043 Isotropy parameters $\beta_l$. The signal events concentrate around 0.35 for $\beta_1$ and around 0 for other values of $l$, while backgrounds have broader distributions and have peaks at around 1.
002839257 8564_ $$82404324$$s12947$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tdiff_true.png$$y00006 Absolute time difference between neutron candidates and the nearest true neutron capture in MC. The flat tail is assumed to be the background candidate event rate, the spike above the background rate near zero is from true neutron candidates. The dotted black line represents the cut dividing true neutron candidates from fake neutron candidates.
002839257 8564_ $$82404325$$s30344$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/accepcang.png$$y00042 Distributions of the acceptance parameter, $P_{\rm{Acceptance}}$ (left) and the Cherenkov angle likelihood parameter, $L_\text{Cherenkov}$ (right). $P_{\rm{Acceptance}}$ is larger for the signal events and $L_\text{Cherenkov}$ is expected to be smaller for the signal, respectively.
002839257 8564_ $$82404326$$s14327$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n10d.png$$y00037 Distribution of the Neut-Fit root-mean-square of hit timing difference variable, $\Delta t_{\rm rms}$ (left), and the Neut-Fit number of hits in 10 ns difference variable, $\Delta N_{10}$ (right). These two variables are expected to be close to 0 for the signal because the vertexes between the two reconstructions are expected to be close for signal but not necessarily same for the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404327$$s43433$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_N10fit.png$$y00025 The $N_{10}$ distribution after the initial selection (left). Black points show the data after background subtraction and the red histogram shows the true neutron distribution from the Monte-Carlo simulation. The photon collection efficiency is set to its nominal value in this figure. The $\chi^{2}$ distribution from a fit to the data as a function of the simulated photon detection efficiency (right). Black points show the data and the red line shows the result of a fit with a parabolic function.
002839257 8564_ $$82404328$$s6090907$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/2209.08609.pdf$$yFulltext
002839257 8564_ $$82404329$$s14831$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/evis_data.png$$y00017 Comparison of data and MC for tagged neutrons in the SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data. The top left (right) plot shows the total number of neutrons (average neutron multiplicity) as a function of visible energy ($E_{\rm vis}$). The bottom left plot shows the neutron multiplicity for sub-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} < 1.33$~GeV) and the bottom right plot shows that for multi-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} \geq 1.33$~GeV). These plots are normalized to the number of neutrino events observed in data. Only statistical errors are shown.
002839257 8564_ $$82404330$$s30251$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_nn_captime_data_fit.png$$y00029 Neutron capture times for data and MC with the Am-Be source. The upper two figures show the capture time for events passing the initial selection. The bottom two figures show the capture time after the neural net selection. Black dots show the data while the blue lines in the upper two plots are reference lines assuming a capture time of 205~$\mu$s. Blue lines in the lower two plots show the results of fits for the neutron capture time.
002839257 8564_ $$82404331$$s32118$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nc.png$$y00040 Distributions of mean opening angle, $\theta_{\rm mean}$ (top left), the hit vector root-mean-square of the azimuthal angle, $\phi_{\rm rms}$ (top right), and the clusters of hits variable, $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$ (bottom). $\theta_{\rm mean}$ has a clear peak around 42 degrees for signal as expected. $\phi_{\rm rms}$ is expected to be small for signal than background. $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$
002839257 8564_ $$82404332$$s14646$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nn_evis_data.png$$y00018 Comparison of data and MC for tagged neutrons in the SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data. The top left (right) plot shows the total number of neutrons (average neutron multiplicity) as a function of visible energy ($E_{\rm vis}$). The bottom left plot shows the neutron multiplicity for sub-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} < 1.33$~GeV) and the bottom right plot shows that for multi-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} \geq 1.33$~GeV). These plots are normalized to the number of neutrino events observed in data. Only statistical errors are shown.
002839257 8564_ $$82404333$$s36708$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/trmsold.png$$y00033 Distributions of the root-mean-square of the ToF-subtracted timing of candidate hits, $t_{\rm rms}$ (top), the minimum root-mean-square of hit timing (min$(t_{\rm rms})$) of clusters of 6 hits, $\min(t_\text{rms}^6)$ (bottom left), and 3 hits, min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) (bottom right). The hits from the signal are expected to be concentrated in time and thus $t_{\rm rms}$, $\min(t^6_\text{rms})$, and min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) are smaller compared to the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404334$$s10929$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/event_hit_timing_profile2.png$$y00001 Hit rates over the course of an event, taken from the average of SK-IV events. Note the suppressed zero on the x-axis. The falling exponential on the left of the plot is due to decay electrons. The increase due to PMT after-pulsing in the 12 to 18 $\mu$s region can be clearly seen. After the PMT after-pulsing, the hit rate is flat for the rest of the event window.
002839257 8564_ $$82404335$$s31992$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/theta.png$$y00038 Distributions of mean opening angle, $\theta_{\rm mean}$ (top left), the hit vector root-mean-square of the azimuthal angle, $\phi_{\rm rms}$ (top right), and the clusters of hits variable, $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$ (bottom). $\theta_{\rm mean}$ has a clear peak around 42 degrees for signal as expected. $\phi_{\rm rms}$ is expected to be small for signal than background. $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$
002839257 8564_ $$82404336$$s34329$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/CaptureTime.png$$y00016 Timing distribution of selected 2.2~MeV $\gamma$ candidates. The primary trigger is at $t=0$. The blue curve is the best fit to an exponential function with a constant offset. Data are taken from 3,244.4 days of SK-IV and the MC is normalized as in ~\cref{atmpdneutronsummary}.
002839257 8564_ $$82404337$$s6095639$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/document.pdf$$yFulltext
002839257 8564_ $$82404338$$s9712$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_ini_captime_MC.png$$y00026 Neutron capture times for data and MC with the Am-Be source. The upper two figures show the capture time for events passing the initial selection. The bottom two figures show the capture time after the neural net selection. Black dots show the data while the blue lines in the upper two plots are reference lines assuming a capture time of 205~$\mu$s. Blue lines in the lower two plots show the results of fits for the neutron capture time.
002839257 8564_ $$82404339$$s34934$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tbeta5.png$$y00047 Isotropy parameters $\beta_l$. The signal events concentrate around 0.35 for $\beta_1$ and around 0 for other values of $l$, while backgrounds have broader distributions and have peaks at around 1.
002839257 8564_ $$82404340$$s15706$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/bswall.png$$y00048 Distributions of the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by BONSAI and the nearest inner detector wall, $BS_{\rm wall}$ (top left), the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by Neut-Fit and the nearest inner detector wall, $NF_{\rm wall}$ (top left), and the energy reconstructed by BONSAI, $BS_{\rm energy}$ (bottom). The normalization of $BS_{\rm energy}$ is different for the signal and the background, as many background events fail to be reconstructed at this stage. The background events concentrate close to the wall but the signal does not, as shown in both top plots, $BS_{\rm wall}$ and $NF_{\rm wall}$, if signal events are correctly reconstructed. The reconstructed energy, $BS_{\rm energy}$, is expected to have peak at 2.2 MeV for signal but not for background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404341$$s29550$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_qismsk_mc.png$$y00022 Total photo-electrons from 4.43~MeV $\gamma$ scintillation events with the Am-Be source positioned at the center of the tank. The black points show the data. The histogram shows the distribution obtained by the Monte-Carlo simulation. The green shaded area corresponds to the events originated by $\gamma$, the blue shaded area corresponds to the events originated by neutron and $\gamma$, and the purple shaded area corresponds to the events originated by neutron. Events with $750 < \text{p.e.} < 1,050$ were selected to trigger 4.43 MeV $\gamma$ events. The Monte-Carlo histogram is normalized to the number of events of the data, whose total charge is $750 < \text{p.e.} < 1,050$. The events in the gray shaded area are not used for the analysis.
002839257 8564_ $$82404342$$s42049$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/phi.png$$y00039 Distributions of mean opening angle, $\theta_{\rm mean}$ (top left), the hit vector root-mean-square of the azimuthal angle, $\phi_{\rm rms}$ (top right), and the clusters of hits variable, $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$ (bottom). $\theta_{\rm mean}$ has a clear peak around 42 degrees for signal as expected. $\phi_{\rm rms}$ is expected to be small for signal than background. $N_{10} - N_{\rm c}$
002839257 8564_ $$82404343$$s41157$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/bfdis.png$$y00051 Distributions of the distance between the reconstructed verticies of Neut-Fit and BONSAI, $(NF-BS)_{\rm dis}$ (left), and the distance between Neut-Fit the reconstructed verticies of Neut-Fit and APFit, $(NF-AP)_{\rm dis}$, (right). These two values are expected to have a peak close to 0 because the vertexes from the two different reconstructions are expected to be similar for signal but this is not necessarily true for the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404344$$s9983$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_ini_captime_data.png$$y00027 Neutron capture times for data and MC with the Am-Be source. The upper two figures show the capture time for events passing the initial selection. The bottom two figures show the capture time after the neural net selection. Black dots show the data while the blue lines in the upper two plots are reference lines assuming a capture time of 205~$\mu$s. Blue lines in the lower two plots show the results of fits for the neutron capture time.
002839257 8564_ $$82404345$$s40758$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/towall.png$$y00053 Distribution of the distance from Neut-Fit's reconstructed vertex to the ID wall in the direction of the particle, $L_\text{towall}$. The background events tend to have larger value compared to the signal.
002839257 8564_ $$82404346$$s36475$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tbeta3.png$$y00045 Isotropy parameters $\beta_l$. The signal events concentrate around 0.35 for $\beta_1$ and around 0 for other values of $l$, while backgrounds have broader distributions and have peaks at around 1.
002839257 8564_ $$82404347$$s33067$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tbeta2.png$$y00044 Isotropy parameters $\beta_l$. The signal events concentrate around 0.35 for $\beta_1$ and around 0 for other values of $l$, while backgrounds have broader distributions and have peaks at around 1.
002839257 8564_ $$82404348$$s28461$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/ngood5.png$$y00010 Neural network output for selecting final neutron candidates. The plots show the output for different values of $N_{10}$: 5 in the top left panel, 6 in the top right, and 7 or more in the bottom panel. The green histogram corresponds to the neutron capture signal, the red histogram shows the total MC, and the overlaid black points show the data, respectively. The red histogram is normalized to the number of neutron capture events in the atmospheric neutrino event samples from the full SK-IV data set, which spanned 3,244.4 days between October 2008 and May 2018.   Black lines and arrows in each plot show the threshold values for selecting candidates.  Since noise contamination is larger for small $N_{10}$ candidates, different threshold values were chosen to ensure the mis-identification rate is below 0.018 per neutrino interaction. The threshold values are 0.92 when $N_{10}$ is 5, 0.908 when it is 6, and is 0.874 for 7 or more.
002839257 8564_ $$82404349$$s593809$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/ambesetup.png$$y00021 Am-Be crystal embedded in a 5~cm cube of BGO scintillator. This is held in an acrylic case.
002839257 8564_ $$82404350$$s29394$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/ngood7.png$$y00012 Neural network output for selecting final neutron candidates. The plots show the output for different values of $N_{10}$: 5 in the top left panel, 6 in the top right, and 7 or more in the bottom panel. The green histogram corresponds to the neutron capture signal, the red histogram shows the total MC, and the overlaid black points show the data, respectively. The red histogram is normalized to the number of neutron capture events in the atmospheric neutrino event samples from the full SK-IV data set, which spanned 3,244.4 days between October 2008 and May 2018.   Black lines and arrows in each plot show the threshold values for selecting candidates.  Since noise contamination is larger for small $N_{10}$ candidates, different threshold values were chosen to ensure the mis-identification rate is below 0.018 per neutrino interaction. The threshold values are 0.92 when $N_{10}$ is 5, 0.908 when it is 6, and is 0.874 for 7 or more.
002839257 8564_ $$82404351$$s28740$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/ngood6.png$$y00011 Neural network output for selecting final neutron candidates. The plots show the output for different values of $N_{10}$: 5 in the top left panel, 6 in the top right, and 7 or more in the bottom panel. The green histogram corresponds to the neutron capture signal, the red histogram shows the total MC, and the overlaid black points show the data, respectively. The red histogram is normalized to the number of neutron capture events in the atmospheric neutrino event samples from the full SK-IV data set, which spanned 3,244.4 days between October 2008 and May 2018.   Black lines and arrows in each plot show the threshold values for selecting candidates.  Since noise contamination is larger for small $N_{10}$ candidates, different threshold values were chosen to ensure the mis-identification rate is below 0.018 per neutrino interaction. The threshold values are 0.92 when $N_{10}$ is 5, 0.908 when it is 6, and is 0.874 for 7 or more.
002839257 8564_ $$82404352$$s35915$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/mintrms3.png$$y00035 Distributions of the root-mean-square of the ToF-subtracted timing of candidate hits, $t_{\rm rms}$ (top), the minimum root-mean-square of hit timing (min$(t_{\rm rms})$) of clusters of 6 hits, $\min(t_\text{rms}^6)$ (bottom left), and 3 hits, min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) (bottom right). The hits from the signal are expected to be concentrated in time and thus $t_{\rm rms}$, $\min(t^6_\text{rms})$, and min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) are smaller compared to the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404353$$s31802$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_nn_captime_MC_fit.png$$y00028 Neutron capture times for data and MC with the Am-Be source. The upper two figures show the capture time for events passing the initial selection. The bottom two figures show the capture time after the neural net selection. Black dots show the data while the blue lines in the upper two plots are reference lines assuming a capture time of 205~$\mu$s. Blue lines in the lower two plots show the results of fits for the neutron capture time.
002839257 8564_ $$82404354$$s36585$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/bse.png$$y00050 Distributions of the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by BONSAI and the nearest inner detector wall, $BS_{\rm wall}$ (top left), the distance between the neutron vertex reconstructed by Neut-Fit and the nearest inner detector wall, $NF_{\rm wall}$ (top left), and the energy reconstructed by BONSAI, $BS_{\rm energy}$ (bottom). The normalization of $BS_{\rm energy}$ is different for the signal and the background, as many background events fail to be reconstructed at this stage. The background events concentrate close to the wall but the signal does not, as shown in both top plots, $BS_{\rm wall}$ and $NF_{\rm wall}$, if signal events are correctly reconstructed. The reconstructed energy, $BS_{\rm energy}$, is expected to have peak at 2.2 MeV for signal but not for background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404355$$s10875$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/eff_distance.png$$y00013 Dependencies of the 2.2~MeV detection efficiency on the distance traveled by the neutron (top left), the visible energy of the primary neutrino interaction (top right) and the efficiency of detecting neutrons as a function of distance from the closest ID wall (bottom). The efficiency is defined as the number of selected candidates divided by the number of true neutron capture events in each bin.
002839257 8564_ $$82404356$$s33813$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n300.png$$y00032 Distributions of the number of hits in 10~ns variable, $N_{10}$ for $N_{10} \geq 5$ (left) and the number of hits in 300~ns variable, $N_{300} - N_{10}$ (right). The signal events tend to give larger $N_{10}$ compared to the background. $N_{10}$ is expected to have a larger fraction of $N_{300}$ for the signal compared to the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404357$$s41111$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/mintrms6.png$$y00034 Distributions of the root-mean-square of the ToF-subtracted timing of candidate hits, $t_{\rm rms}$ (top), the minimum root-mean-square of hit timing (min$(t_{\rm rms})$) of clusters of 6 hits, $\min(t_\text{rms}^6)$ (bottom left), and 3 hits, min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) (bottom right). The hits from the signal are expected to be concentrated in time and thus $t_{\rm rms}$, $\min(t^6_\text{rms})$, and min($t_{\rm rms}^3$) are smaller compared to the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404358$$s37350$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/trmsdiff.png$$y00036 Distribution of the Neut-Fit root-mean-square of hit timing difference variable, $\Delta t_{\rm rms}$ (left), and the Neut-Fit number of hits in 10 ns difference variable, $\Delta N_{10}$ (right). These two variables are expected to be close to 0 for the signal because the vertexes between the two reconstructions are expected to be close for signal but not necessarily same for the background.
002839257 8564_ $$82404359$$s28958$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nlow.png$$y00055 Hits on low-probability PMTs, $N_{10} - N_{\rm low}$. The $N_{\rm low}$ parameter is expected to be small for signal events. The green histogram corresponds to the neutron capture signal and the hatched area shows the background. The red histogram shows the sum of the signal and the background, which has been normalized to the number of capture events in data (black dots).
002839257 8564_ $$82404360$$s9447$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/eff_evis.png$$y00014 Dependencies of the 2.2~MeV detection efficiency on the distance traveled by the neutron (top left), the visible energy of the primary neutrino interaction (top right) and the efficiency of detecting neutrons as a function of distance from the closest ID wall (bottom). The efficiency is defined as the number of selected candidates divided by the number of true neutron capture events in each bin.
002839257 8564_ $$82404361$$s105639$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nlow_acceptance.png$$y00054 Varying acceptance requirements for the $N_{\rm low}$ cut as a function of tank coordinates.
002839257 8564_ $$82404362$$s35839$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tbeta4.png$$y00046 Isotropy parameters $\beta_l$. The signal events concentrate around 0.35 for $\beta_1$ and around 0 for other values of $l$, while backgrounds have broader distributions and have peaks at around 1.
002839257 8564_ $$82404363$$s6900$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/AmBe_N10_raw.png$$y00023 $N_{10}$ after the initial selection of the Am-Be calibration data. The green histogram shows true neutron in the MC, the blue histogram shows the sum of the true neutrons and background in the MC, and the black filled circles with error bars show the data. The blue histogram has been normalized to the number of real data events. The last bin contains the overflow events.
002839257 8564_ $$82404364$$s102943$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/tdis_SK_Fixed.png$$y00030 Timing distribution of repeated hits (noise rate) following a signal pulse above the discriminator threshold ($\sim$0.25~p.e.) of a 20-inch PMT. The X axis shows the timing difference of a repeated hit from the initial hit and the Y axis shows the probability of the secondary hit. The gap between 0 to 1~$\mu$s is due to the channel dead time of the readout electronics and the peak around 1.5~$\mu$s is due to the reflection of the PMT signal. The repeat noise rate decreases exponentially in time and the feature around 12 to 18~$\mu$s is due to PMT after-pulsing.
002839257 8564_ $$82404365$$s18222$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/Opening_Angle.png$$y00007 Image of Cherenkov photon emission from a 2.2~MeV $\gamma$. The yellow line shows the direction of $\gamma$, whose starting point is the neutron capture vertex, the orange filled circles show the hit PMTs, the red line shows the direction to the i-th PMT viewed from the neutron capture vertex, and $\theta_i$ is the angle between the $\gamma$ direction and the direction to the i-th PMT (opening angle), respectively.
002839257 8564_ $$82404366$$s15280$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nn_subGeV_data.png$$y00019 Comparison of data and MC for tagged neutrons in the SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data. The top left (right) plot shows the total number of neutrons (average neutron multiplicity) as a function of visible energy ($E_{\rm vis}$). The bottom left plot shows the neutron multiplicity for sub-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} < 1.33$~GeV) and the bottom right plot shows that for multi-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} \geq 1.33$~GeV). These plots are normalized to the number of neutrino events observed in data. Only statistical errors are shown.
002839257 8564_ $$82404367$$s11454$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/MC_pic.png$$y00002 Diagram of MC construction procedure. Random trigger data are superimposed on simulated PMT hits from neutron capture events 18~$\mu$s after the primary interaction.
002839257 8564_ $$82404368$$s7366$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/n10raw_n10_bkg.png$$y00004 Distributions of $N^\text{RAW}_{10}$ and $N_{10}$ (see text for definitions) for background clusters (left) and true neutron clusters (right).     Both histograms were made using the same number of primary atmospheric neutrino MC events.
002839257 8564_ $$82404369$$s9713$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/eff_dwall.png$$y00015 Dependencies of the 2.2~MeV detection efficiency on the distance traveled by the neutron (top left), the visible energy of the primary neutrino interaction (top right) and the efficiency of detecting neutrons as a function of distance from the closest ID wall (bottom). The efficiency is defined as the number of selected candidates divided by the number of true neutron capture events in each bin.
002839257 8564_ $$82404370$$s15301$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/nn_multiGeV_data.png$$y00020 Comparison of data and MC for tagged neutrons in the SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data. The top left (right) plot shows the total number of neutrons (average neutron multiplicity) as a function of visible energy ($E_{\rm vis}$). The bottom left plot shows the neutron multiplicity for sub-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} < 1.33$~GeV) and the bottom right plot shows that for multi-GeV events ($E_{\rm vis} \geq 1.33$~GeV). These plots are normalized to the number of neutrino events observed in data. Only statistical errors are shown.
002839257 8564_ $$82448273$$s6138239$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/76d78c5cb4206d5c97f8b63b8c3479c2.pdf$$yFulltext from Publisher
002839257 8564_ $$82451908$$s6679070$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2839257/files/ff15af3f0a01c9edd3bb9f60772a7df9.pdf$$yFulltext
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002839257 980__ $$aARTICLE
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