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Preprint
Report number arXiv:2001.08678
Title Unravelling the complex behavior of Mrk 421 with simultaneous X-ray and VHE observations during an extreme flaring activity in April 2013
Author(s)

Acciari, V.A. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Ansoldi, S. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U. ; Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Antonelli, L.A. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Arbet Engels, A. (ETH, Zurich (main)) ; Baack, D. (Dortmund U.) ; Babić, A. (Split Tech. U.) ; Banerjee, B. (Saha Inst.) ; Barres de Almeida, U. (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF) ; Barrio, J.A. (Madrid U.) ; Becerra González, J. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Bednarek, W. (Lodz U.) ; Bellizzi, L. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Bernardini, E. (DESY, Zeuthen ; INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Berti, A. (Frascati) ; Besenrieder, J. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Bhattacharyya, W. (DESY, Zeuthen) ; Bigongiari, C. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Biland, A. (ETH, Zurich (main)) ; Blanch, O. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Bonnoli, G. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Bošnjak, Ž. (Split Tech. U.) ; Busetto, G. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Carosi, R. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Ceribella, G. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Cerruti, M. (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Chai, Y. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Chilingarian, A. (NAS Armenia, Yerevan) ; Cikota, S. (Split Tech. U.) ; Colak, S.M. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Colin, U. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Colombo, E. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Contreras, J.L. (Madrid U.) ; Cortina, J. (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Covino, S. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; D'Elia, V. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Da Vela, P. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U. ; Innsbruck U.) ; Dazzi, F. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; De Angelis, A. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; De Lotto, B. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Del Puppo, F. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Delfino, M. (Barcelona, IFAE ; PIC, Bellaterra) ; Delgado, J. (Barcelona, IFAE ; PIC, Bellaterra) ; Depaoli, D. (Frascati) ; Di Pierro, F. (Frascati) ; Di Venere, L. (Frascati) ; Do Souto Espiñeira, E. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Dominis Prester, D. (Split Tech. U.) ; Donini, A. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Dorner, D. (Wurzburg U.) ; Doro, M. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Elsaesser, D. (Dortmund U.) ; Fallah Ramazani, V. (Turku U.) ; Fattorini, A. (Dortmund U.) ; Ferrara, G. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Foffano, L. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Fonseca, M.V. (Madrid U.) ; Font, L. (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; Fruck, C. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Fukami, S. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; García López, R.J. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Garczarczyk, M. (DESY, Zeuthen) ; Gasparyan, S. (NAS Armenia, Yerevan) ; Gaug, M. (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; Giglietto, N. (Frascati) ; Giordano, F. (Frascati) ; Gliwny, P. (Lodz U.) ; Godinović, N. (Split Tech. U.) ; Green, D. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Hadasch, D. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Hahn, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Herrera, J. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Hoang, J. (Madrid U.) ; Hrupec, D. (Split Tech. U.) ; Hütten, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Inada, T. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Inoue, S. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Ishio, K. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Iwamura, Y. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Jouvin, L. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Kajiwara, Y. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Kerszberg, D. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Kobayashi, Y. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Kubo, H. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Kushida, J. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Lamastra, A. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Lelas, D. (Split Tech. U.) ; Leone, F. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Lindfors, E. (Turku U.) ; Lombardi, S. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Longo, F. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U. ; Trieste U.) ; López, M. (Madrid U.) ; López-Coto, R. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; López-Oramas, A. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Loporchio, S. (Frascati) ; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF) ; Maggio, C. (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; Majumdar, P. (Saha Inst.) ; Makariev, M. (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Mallamaci, M. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Maneva, G. (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Manganaro, M. (Split Tech. U.) ; Mannheim, K. (Wurzburg U.) ; Maraschi, L. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Mariotti, M. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Martínez, M. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Mazin, D. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Mender, S. (Dortmund U.) ; Mićanović, S. (Split Tech. U.) ; Miceli, D. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Miener, T. (Madrid U.) ; Minev, M. (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Miranda, J.M. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Mirzoyan, R. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Molina, E. (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Moralejo, A. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Morcuende, D. (Madrid U.) ; Moreno, V. (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; Moretti, E. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Munar-Adrover, P. (Barcelona, Autonoma U.) ; Neustroev, V. (Turku U.) ; Nigro, C. (DESY, Zeuthen) ; Nilsson, K. (Turku U.) ; Ninci, D. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Nishijima, K. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Noda, K. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Nogués, L. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Nozaki, S. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Ohtani, Y. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Oka, T. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Otero-Santos, J. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Palatiello, M. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Paneque, D. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Paoletti, R. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Paredes, J.M. (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Pavletić, L. (Split Tech. U.) ; Peñil, P. (Madrid U.) ; Peresano, M. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U.) ; Persic, M. (INFN, Trieste ; Udine U. ; U. Bologna, DIFA ; Trieste Observ.) ; Prada Moroni, P.G. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Prandini, E. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Puljak, I. (Split Tech. U.) ; Rhode, W. (Dortmund U.) ; Ribó, M. (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Rico, J. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Righi, C. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Rugliancich, A. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Saha, L. (Madrid U.) ; Sahakyan, N. (NAS Armenia, Yerevan) ; Saito, T. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Sakurai, S. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Satalecka, K. (DESY, Zeuthen) ; Schleicher, B. (Wurzburg U.) ; Schmidt, K. (Dortmund U.) ; Schweizer, T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Sitarek, J. (Lodz U.) ; Šnidarić, I. (Split Tech. U.) ; Sobczynska, D. (Lodz U.) ; Spolon, A. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Stamerra, A. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Strom, D. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Strzys, M. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Suda, Y. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Surić, T. (Split Tech. U.) ; Takahashi, M. (Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Tavecchio, F. (INAF, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Temnikov, P. (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Terzić, T. (Split Tech. U.) ; Teshima, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Tokyo U., ICRR) ; Torres-Albà, N. (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Tosti, L. (Frascati) ; van Scherpenberg, J. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Vanzo, G. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Vazquez Acosta, M. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Ventura, S. (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) ; Verguilov, V. (Sofiya, Inst. Nucl. Res.) ; Vigorito, C.F. (Frascati) ; Vitale, V. (Frascati) ; Vovk, I. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Will, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Zarić, D. (Split Tech. U.) ; Petropoulou, M. (Princeton U.) ; Finke, J. (Naval Research Lab, Wash., D.C.) ; D'Ammando, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Baloković, M. (Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys. ; Harvard U.) ; Madejski, G. (KIPAC, Menlo Park ; SLAC) ; Mori, K. (Columbia U.) ; Puccetti, Simonetta (ASI, Rome) ; Leto, C. (ASI, Rome ; Rome Observ.) ; Perri, M. (ASI, Rome ; Rome Observ.) ; Verrecchia, F. (ASI, Rome ; Rome Observ.) ; Villata, M. (OATo, Turin) ; Raiteri, C.M. (OATo, Turin) ; Agudo, I. (IAA, Granada) ; Bachev, R. (Sofiya, Inst. Astron.) ; Berdyugin, A. (Turku U.) ; Blinov, D.A. (St. Petersburg State U. ; Crete U. ; IESL, Heraklion) ; Chanishvili, R. (Abastumani Astrophys. Observ.) ; Chen, W.P. (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Chigladze, R. (Abastumani Astrophys. Observ.) ; Damljanovic, G. (Astron. Observ., Belgrade) ; Eswaraiah, C. (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Grishina, T.S. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Ibryamov, S. (Sofiya, Inst. Astron.) ; Jordan, B. (Dublin Inst.) ; Jorstad, S.G. (St. Petersburg State U. ; Boston U.) ; Joshi, M. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Kopatskaya, E.N. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Kurtanidze, O.M. (Abastumani Astrophys. Observ. ; Kazan State U. ; Guangzhou U.) ; Kurtanidze, S.O. (Abastumani Astrophys. Observ.) ; Larionova, E.G. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Larionova, L.V. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Larionov, V.M. (St. Petersburg State U. ; Pulkovo Observ., St. Petersburg) ; Latev, G. (Sofiya, Inst. Astron.) ; Lin, H.C. (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Marscher, A.P. (Boston U.) ; Mokrushina, A.A. (St. Petersburg State U. ; Pulkovo Observ., St. Petersburg) ; Morozova, D.A. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Nikolashvili, M.G. (Abastumani Astrophys. Observ.) ; Semkov, E. (Sofiya, Inst. Astron.) ; Smith, P.S. (Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.) ; Strigachev, A. (Sofiya, Inst. Astron.) ; Troitskaya, Yu.V. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Troitsky, I.S. (St. Petersburg State U.) ; Vince, O. (Astron. Observ., Belgrade) ; Barnes, J. (Utah U.) ; Güver, T. (Istanbul, Tech. U.) ; Moody, J.W. (Brigham Young U.) ; Sadun, A.C. (Colorado U., Denver) ; Hovatta, T. (Turku U. ; Aalto U.) ; Richards, J.L. (Purdue U.) ; Max-Moerbeck, W. (Chile U., Santiago) ; Readhead, A.C.R. (Owens Valley Radio Observ.) ; Lähteenmäki, A. (Aalto U.) ; Tornikoski, M. (Aalto U.) ; Tammi, J. (Aalto U.) ; Ramakrishnan, V. (Aalto U.) ; Reinthal, R. (Turku U.)

Imprint 2020-01-23
Number of pages 46
Note 46 pages, 17 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ Supplements
Subject category astro-ph.HE ; Astrophysics and Astronomy
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment MAGIC
Abstract We report on a multi-band variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 2013 April 19. The study uses, among others, data from GASP-WEBT, Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and MAGIC. The large blazar activity, and the 43 hours of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations, permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins, and over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (>0.1 TeV, hereafter VHE) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy-independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-ray and the VHE gamma rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time-lag, but the strength and the characteristics of the correlation changes substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favour multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer.
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 Záznam vytvorený 2020-01-26, zmenený 2020-02-03


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