arXiv : A lower bound on the primordial black hole merger rate

Vaskonen, Ville; Veermäe, Hardi

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.043015

Article
Report number	arXiv:1908.09752 ; CERN-TH-2019-141 ; KCL-PH-TH/2019-69
Title	A lower bound on the primordial black hole merger rate
Author(s)	Vaskonen, Ville (King's Coll. London ; NICPB, Tallinn) ; Veermäe, Hardi (NICPB, Tallinn ; CERN)
Publication	2020-02-20
Imprint	2019-08-26
Number of pages	8
Note	7 pages, 3 figures, version published in PRD
In:	Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 043015
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevD.101.043015
Subject category	hep-ph ; Particle Physics - Phenomenology ; astro-ph.HE ; Astrophysics and Astronomy ; astro-ph.CO ; Astrophysics and Astronomy
Abstract	We derive a lower bound on the merger rate of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries by estimating the maximal fraction of binaries that were perturbed between formation in the early Universe and merger, and computing a conservative merger rate of perturbed binaries. This implies robust constraints on the PBH abundance in the range $1-100 M_\odot$. We further show that LIGO/Virgo design sensitivity has the potential to reach the PBH mass range of $10^{-2}-10^3 M_\odot$. The constraint from the merger rate of perturbed binaries is stronger if PBHs are initially spatially clustered.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0) publication: © 2020-2025 authors (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Lower bound on the suppression factor of the merger rate of initial binaries as a function of PBH abundance shown at different redshifts. It is estimated as the fraction of PBHs that reside in (sub)haloes that are gravitationally stable until the given redshift.$ $The blue lines show the lower bound on the merger rate of perturbed binaries today and the green ones the merger rate of unperturbed initial binaries today for $m=20M_\odot$. The upper bound for the blue region corresponds to $\gamma=1$ and the lower to $\gamma=2$. In the upper panel $f_{\rm PBH}=1$ and in the lower panel $\alpha=1$. The gray band depicts the merger rate indicated by LIGO/Virgo observations. The green solid line and the green dashed line show the merger rate of unperturbed binaries~\eqref{eq:R_unperturbed} with and without the suppression factor~\eqref{eq:pnp}, respectively.$ $The blue lines show the lower bound on the merger rate of perturbed binaries today and the green ones the merger rate of unperturbed initial binaries today for $m=20M_\odot$. The upper bound for the blue region corresponds to $\gamma=1$ and the lower to $\gamma=2$. In the upper panel $f_{\rm PBH}=1$ and in the lower panel $\alpha=1$. The gray band depicts the merger rate indicated by LIGO/Virgo observations. The green solid line and the green dashed line show the merger rate of unperturbed binaries~\eqref{eq:R_unperturbed} with and without the suppression factor~\eqref{eq:pnp}, respectively.$ Show more plots

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