Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

Caldwell, A.; Tajima, T.; Schmidt, J.; Hillenbrand, S.; Huang, C.; Bracco, C.; Mazzoni, S.; Zhang, H.; Burrows, P.N.; Machacek, J.; Bachmann, A.-M.; Rusnak, T.; Fiorito, R.; Turner, M.; Mitchell, J.; Zimmermann, F.; Hessler, C.; Osterhoff, J.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Silva, L.; Joulaei, A.; Meddahi, M.; Tuev, P.V.; Hofle, W.; Martyanov, M.; Kersevan, R.; Petrenko, A.; Lu, W.; Cascella, M.; Moody, J.; Apsimon, R.; Martorelli, R.; von der Schmitt, H.; Jensen, L.; Keeble, F.; Bingham, R.; Pukhov, A.; Jolly, S.; Vieira, J.; Velotti, F.; Bohl, T.; Buttenschön, B.; Sheng, Z.M.; Elsen, E.; Argyropoulos, T.; Dirksen, P.; Kumar, N.; Yakimenko, V.; Merminga, L.; Fartoukh, S.; Li, Y.; Lopes, N.; Sherwood, P.; Mete, O.; Goddard, B.; Holloway, J.; Grulke, O.; Salveter, F.; Friebel, F.; Kasim, M.; Sosedkin, A.P.; Verzilov, V.; Müller, A.-S.; Farmer, J.; Batsch, F.; Mandry, S.; Martin, I.; Ruhl, H.; Reimann, O.; Butterworth, A.; Berglyd Olsen, V.K.; Assmann, R.; Deacon, L.; Amorim, L.; Cipiccia, S.; Lotov, K.V.; Simon, F.; Savard, N.; Bauche, J.; Hansen, J.; Shaposhnikova, E.; Tückmantel, T.; Norreys, P.; Öz, E.; Wing, M.; Pardons, A.; Fonseca, R.; Seryi, A.; Soby, L.; Rieger, K.; Wei, Y.; Gorn, A.A.; Biskup, B.; Pozimski, J.; Pepitone, K.; Hüther, M.; Adli, E.; Burt, G.; Gschwendtner, E.; Bernardini, M.; Fedosseev, V.; Spitsyn, R.I.; Chevallay, E.; Welsch, C.P.; Dorda, U.; Timko, H.; Liu, S.; Plyushchev, G.; Minakov, V.A.; Feldbaumer, E.; Trines, R.; Jaroszynski, D.; Roesler, S.; Damerau, H.; Doebert, S.; Najmudin, Z.; Geschonke, G.; Noakes, T.C.Q.; Vincke, H.; Tarkeshian, R.; Xia, G.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.12.050

Article
Report number	arXiv:1511.09032 ; FERMILAB-CONF-15-650
Title	Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept
Author(s)	Caldwell, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Adli, E. (Oslo U.) ; Amorim, L. (Lisbon, CFTP) ; Apsimon, R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Argyropoulos, T. (CERN) ; Assmann, R. (DESY) ; Bachmann, A.-M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Batsch, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Bauche, J. (CERN) ; Berglyd Olsen, V.K. (Oslo U.) ; Bernardini, M. (CERN) ; Bingham, R. (Rutherford) ; Biskup, B. (CERN ; CTU, Prague) ; Bohl, T. (CERN) ; Bracco, C. (CERN) ; Burrows, P.N. (JAI, UK ; Oxford U.) ; Burt, G. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Buttenschön, B. (Garching, Max Planck Inst. Plasmaphys.) ; Butterworth, A. (CERN) ; Cascella, M. (University Coll. London) ; Chattopadhyay, S. (Northern Illinois U. ; Fermilab) ; Chevallay, E. (CERN) ; Cipiccia, S. (CERN ; Strathclyde U.) ; Damerau, H. (CERN) ; Deacon, L. (University Coll. London) ; Dirksen, P. (TRIUMF) ; Doebert, S. (CERN) ; Dorda, U. (DESY) ; Elsen, E. (DESY) ; Farmer, J. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Fartoukh, S. (CERN) ; Fedosseev, V. (CERN) ; Feldbaumer, E. (CERN) ; Fiorito, R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Fonseca, R. (Lisbon, CFTP) ; Friebel, F. (CERN) ; Geschonke, G. (CERN) ; Goddard, B. (CERN) ; Gorn, A.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Grulke, O. (Garching, Max Planck Inst. Plasmaphys.) ; Gschwendtner, E. (CERN) ; Hansen, J. (CERN) ; Hessler, C. (CERN) ; Hillenbrand, S. (CERN) ; Hofle, W. (CERN) ; Holloway, J. (Oxford U.) ; Huang, C. (Los Alamos) ; Hüther, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Tech. U., Munich (main)) ; Jaroszynski, D. (Strathclyde U.) ; Jensen, L. (CERN) ; Jolly, S. (University Coll. London) ; Joulaei, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Kasim, M. (JAI, UK ; Oxford U.) ; Keeble, F. (University Coll. London) ; Kersevan, R. (CERN) ; Kumar, N. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Li, Y. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Liu, S. (TRIUMF) ; Lopes, N. (Imperial Coll., London ; Lisbon, CFTP) ; Lotov, K.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Lu, W. (Tsinghua U., Beijing) ; Machacek, J. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mandry, S. (University Coll. London) ; Martin, I. (Marseille, CPT) ; Martorelli, R. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Martyanov, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mazzoni, S. (CERN) ; Meddahi, M. (CERN) ; Merminga, L. (TRIUMF) ; Mete, O. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Minakov, V.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Mitchell, J. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Moody, J. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Müller, A.-S. (Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum) ; Najmudin, Z. (Imperial Coll., London ; JAI, UK) ; Noakes, T.C.Q. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Norreys, P. (Oxford U. ; Rutherford) ; Osterhoff, J. (DESY) ; Öz, E. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Pardons, A. (CERN) ; Pepitone, K. (CERN) ; Petrenko, A. (CERN) ; Plyushchev, G. (CERN ; CRPP, Lausanne) ; Pozimski, J. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Pukhov, A. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Reimann, O. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Rieger, K. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Tech. U., Munich (main)) ; Roesler, S. (CERN) ; Ruhl, H. (LMU Munich (main)) ; Rusnak, T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Salveter, F. (CERN) ; Savard, N. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; TRIUMF ; Victoria U.) ; Schmidt, J. (CERN) ; von der Schmitt, H. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Seryi, A. (JAI, UK ; Oxford U.) ; Shaposhnikova, E. (CERN) ; Sheng, Z.M. (Strathclyde U. ; Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Sherwood, P. (University Coll. London) ; Silva, L. (Lisbon, CFTP) ; Simon, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Soby, L. (CERN) ; Sosedkin, A.P. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Spitsyn, R.I. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Tajima, T. (LMU Munich (main)) ; Tarkeshian, R. (PSI, Villigen) ; Timko, H. (CERN) ; Trines, R. (Rutherford) ; Tückmantel, T. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Tuev, P.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Turner, M. (CERN) ; Velotti, F. (CERN) ; Verzilov, V. (TRIUMF) ; Vieira, J. (Lisbon, CFTP) ; Vincke, H. (CERN) ; Wei, Y. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Welsch, C.P. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Wing, M. (University Coll. London ; DESY) ; Xia, G. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Manchester U.) ; Yakimenko, V. (SLAC) ; Zhang, H. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Zimmermann, F. (CERN)
Publication	2016-09-01
Imprint	29 Nov 2015
Number of pages	14
Note	15 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, 111 references, 121 author from 36 organizations
In:	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 829 (2016) 3-16
In:	2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy, 12 - 19 Sep 2015, pp.3-16
DOI	10.1016/j.nima.2015.12.050
Subject category	Other Fields of Physics ; Accelerators and Storage Rings ; 13: Novel Acceleration Techniques (ANAC2) ; 13.1: Coordination and Communication
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN AWAKE
Abstract	This report describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability --- a key to an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future outlook. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status as presented in this conference is given in [1].
Copyright/License	© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib. 1.0)

$Example of a self-modulated proton bunch resonantly driving plasma wakefields sustained by the plasma density perturbation (OSIRIS simulations~\cite{osiris}). Beam parameters are optimized for visibility of the effect.$ $Typical distribution of the beams at (a) the entrance to the plasma, (b) after propagating 4\,m in the plasma, and at (c) the exit from the plasma cell. Electrons first appear at $z=4$,\,m and the laser pulse is the line at $z-ct=0$. The laser pulse quickly creates the plasma and thus seeds the SMI for the proton bunch. The case of side injected electrons is shown.$ $The maximum wakefield amplitude versus the propagation distance for the stepped-up and uniform plasmas for a simulation with an LHC bunch. The step $\delta n_{e}$ is 1.6\%~\cite{PoP18-103101}. The inset illustrates the change in the plasma density profile at $z=3$\,m.$ Show more plots

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