CERN Accelerating science

The balance function $B(\mathrm{\Delta}\eta,\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi$) for charged particles with \ptLow~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively. From top to bottom the $0-5\%$ for Pb--Pb and $0-10\%$ for p--Pb and pp collisions, $30-40\%$, and the $70-80\%$ multiplicity classes are shown.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~(upper row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a and (d), p--Pb in panels (b) and (e) and pp collisions panels (c) and (f) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a), (d) and (g), p--Pb in panels (b), (e) and (h), and pp collisions in panels (c), (f) and (i) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptLow~as a function of \deta~on the near--side (upper row) and away--side (middle row) and as a function of \dphi~(lower row) for Pb--Pb (panels (a), (d) and (g)), p--Pb (panels (b), (e) and (h)) and pp collisions (panels (c), (f) and (i)) compared with results from various event generators. Only the highest multiplicity class is shown, i.e. 0-5\% for Pb--Pb and 0-10\% for p--Pb and pp collisions.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadeta~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\eta}^{70-80\%}$, as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadphi~in Pb--Pb, p--Pb, and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV~compared with results from various event generators in panels (a), (c), and (e). Panels (b), (d), and (f) show the relative decrease of \sigmadphi~calculated with respect to $\sigma_{\mathrm{\Delta}\varphi}^{70-80\%}$ as a function of the multiplicity class. The transverse momentum values for both the trigger and the associated particles satisfy the condition \ptLow.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptMed~as a function of \deta~(upper row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb, in panels (a) and (d), p--Pb, in panels (b) and (e), and pp collisions, in panels (c) and (f), at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$, 5.02, and 7~TeV, respectively.

The balance function for charged particles with \ptHigh~as a function of \deta~(upper row) and \dphi~(lower row) in different multiplicity classes of Pb--Pb in panels (a) and (c) and p--Pb collisions in panels (b) and (d) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76$ and 5.02~TeV, respectively.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~(a) and \sigmadphi~(b) in Pb--Pb collisions at \snnPbPb. The different markers represent the low (i.e. \ptLow~with red circles), intermediate (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$~with blue squares), and high (i.e. \ptHigh~with green triangles) transverse momentum regions used in this analysis.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~(a) and \sigmadphi~(b) in Pb--Pb collisions at \snnPbPb. The different markers represent the low (i.e. \ptLow~with red circles), intermediate (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$~with blue squares), and high (i.e. \ptHigh~with green triangles) transverse momentum regions used in this analysis.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~(a) and \sigmadphi~(b) in p--Pb collisions at \snnpPb. The different markers represent the low (i.e. \ptLow~with red circles), intermediate (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$~with blue squares), and high (i.e. \ptHigh~with green triangles) transverse momentum regions used in this analysis.

The multiplicity-class dependence of \sigmadeta~(a) and \sigmadphi~(b) in p--Pb collisions at \snnpPb. The different markers represent the low (i.e. \ptLow~with red circles), intermediate (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$~with blue squares), and high (i.e. \ptHigh~with green triangles) transverse momentum regions used in this analysis.

The multiplicity-class dependence of the width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) in pp collisions at \snnpp. The results correspond to the intermediate transverse momentum region (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$). The data points are compared with two versions of PYTHIA8 calculations.

The multiplicity-class dependence of the width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) in pp collisions at \snnpp. The results correspond to the intermediate transverse momentum region (i.e. $2.0 < p_\mathrm{T,assoc} < 3.0 < p_\mathrm{T,trig} < 4.0$~GeV/$c$). The data points are compared with two versions of PYTHIA8 calculations.

The width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) for the three systems analyzed (pp, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb), as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, estimated with the V0A for $|\eta| < 0.8$ and $p_{\rm{T}} > 0.2$~GeV/$c$. The low-, intermediate-, and high-\pt~intervals correspond to \ptLow, \ptMed,~and \ptHigh, respectively.

The width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) for the three systems analyzed (pp, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb), as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, estimated with the V0A for $|\eta| < 0.8$ and $p_{\rm{T}} > 0.2$~GeV/$c$. The low-, intermediate-, and high-\pt~intervals correspond to \ptLow, \ptMed,~and \ptHigh, respectively.

The multiplicity-class dependence of the width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) for the three systems analyzed (pp, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb) relative to the 70-80$\%$ multiplicity class.

The multiplicity-class dependence of the width of the balance function in \deta~(a) and in \dphi~(b) for the three systems analyzed (pp, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb) relative to the 70-80$\%$ multiplicity class.