001637396 001__ 1637396
001637396 003__ SzGeCERN
001637396 005__ 20220106040552.0
001637396 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1088/1748-0221/8/12/C12042
001637396 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:1637396$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
001637396 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:1312.4282
001637396 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1269515
001637396 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:1312.4282$$cphysics.ins-det
001637396 041__ $$aeng
001637396 100__ $$aAune, S.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 245__ $$aX-ray detection with Micromegas with background levels below 10$^{-6}$ keV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$
001637396 260__ $$c2013-12-23
001637396 269__ $$c16 Dec 2013
001637396 300__ $$a14 p
001637396 520__ $$aMicromegas detectors are an optimum technological choice for the detection of low energy x-rays. The low background techniques applied to these detectors yielded remarkable background reductions over the years, being the CAST experiment beneficiary of these developments. In this document we report on the latest upgrades towards further background reductions and better understanding of the detectors' response. The upgrades encompass the readout electronics, a new detector design and the implementation of a more efficient cosmic muon veto system. Background levels below 10$^{-6}$keV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ have been obtained at sea level for the first time, demonstrating the feasibility of the expectations posed by IAXO, the next generation axion helioscope. Some results obtained with a set of measurements conducted in the x-ray beam of the CAST Detector Laboratory will be also presented and discussed.
001637396 520__ $$9IOP$$aMicromegas detectors are an optimum technological choice for the detection of low energy x-rays. The low background techniques applied to these detectors yielded remarkable background reductions over the years, being the CAST experiment beneficiary of these developments. In this document we report on the latest upgrades towards further background reductions and better understanding of the detectors' response. The upgrades encompass the readout electronics, a new detector design and the implementation of a more efficient cosmic muon veto system. Background levels below 10−6keV-1cm-2s-1 have been obtained at sea level for the first time, demonstrating the feasibility of the expectations posed by IAXO, the next generation axion helioscope. Some results obtained with a set of measurements conducted in the x-ray beam of the CAST Detector Laboratory will be also presented and discussed.
001637396 520__ $$9arXiv$$aMicromegas detectors are an optimum technological choice for the detection of low energy x-rays. The low background techniques applied to these detectors yielded remarkable background reductions over the years, being the CAST experiment beneficiary of these developments. In this document we report on the latest upgrades towards further background reductions and better understanding of the detectors' response. The upgrades encompass the readout electronics, a new detector design and the implementation of a more efficient cosmic muon veto system. Background levels below 10$^{-6}$keV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ have been obtained at sea level for the first time, demonstrating the feasibility of the expectations posed by IAXO, the next generation axion helioscope. Some results obtained with a set of measurements conducted in the x-ray beam of the CAST Detector Laboratory will be also presented and discussed.
001637396 540__ $$barXiv$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
001637396 595__ $$aINSPIRE-PUBL-2013-05
001637396 65017 $$2arXiv$$aDetectors and Experimental Techniques
001637396 690C_ $$aARTICLE
001637396 690C_ $$aCERN
001637396 695__ $$9LANL EDS$$aphysics.ins-det
001637396 700__ $$aAznar, F.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aCalvet, D.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aDafni, T.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aDiago, A.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aDruillole, F.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aFanourakis, G.$$uDemocritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.$$vInstitute of Nuclear Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
001637396 700__ $$aFerrer-Ribas, E.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aGalán, J.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aGarcía, J.A.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aGardikiotis, A.$$uPatras U.$$vUniversity of Patras, Patras, Greece
001637396 700__ $$aGarza, J.G.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aGeralis, T.$$uPatras U.$$vUniversity of Patras, Patras, Greece
001637396 700__ $$aGiomataris, I.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aGómez, H.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aGonzález-Díaz, D.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aHerrera, D.C.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aIguaz, F.J.$$uSaclay$$uZaragoza U.$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aIrastorza, I.G.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aJourde, D.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aLuzón, G.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aMirallas, H.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aMols, J.P.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aPapaevangelou, T.$$uSaclay$$vCentre d'Études de Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
001637396 700__ $$aRodríguez, A.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aSeguí, L.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aTomás, A.$$uZaragoza U.$$vGrupo de Física Nuclear y Astropartículas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
001637396 700__ $$aVafeiadis, T.$$uCERN$$vCERN, European Organization for Particle Physics and Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
001637396 700__ $$aYildiz, S.C.$$uDogus U., Kadikoy$$uBogazici U.$$vDoğuş University, Istanbul, Turkey$$vBoğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
001637396 773__ $$cC12042$$pJINST$$v8$$wC13-07-01.1$$y2013
001637396 8564_ $$uhttp://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.4282.pdf$$yPreprint
001637396 8564_ $$8881033$$s4100289$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/C12042.pdf$$yIOP Open Access article
001637396 8564_ $$82320504$$s4201756$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/arXiv:1312.4282.pdf
001637396 8564_ $$82320505$$s154047$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/C3_Hitmap.png$$y00012 Left: hitmap distribution generated by $^{55}$Fe calibration events of the CAST-C3 detector (strip pitch is 500 $u$m). The orthogonal shadowed lines correspond to strong-back support of the x-ray entrance window. Right: dependence of the electron transmission with the ratio of drift and amplification fields for the new microbulk CAST-C1 detector at 1 bar. A curve of the old-type CAST-M18 detector is also shown for comparison. The gain has been normalized to the maximum of each series.
001637396 8564_ $$82320506$$s224901$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/newMM.png$$y00010 Left: schematic view of the new detector design. Right: new detector installed in the vacuum line of the sunrise side of CAST magnet, partially shielded with lead.
001637396 8564_ $$82320507$$s60736$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/muonsDistributions.png$$y00007 Left: schematic view of the scintillator vetos configuration on the sunset side of the CAST magnet. The two plastic scintillator vetos on the top and back of the detectors (horizontally and vertically displayed, repectively) are arranged to cover as much solid angle as possible. Right: time difference between the signal in the muon veto and the delayed Micromegas trigger.
001637396 8564_ $$82320508$$s101274$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/yzview.png$$y00005 The $xz$ (left) and $yz$ (right) view of an electron acquired in a background run by the CAST-M10 detector in the RoI, using the AFTER-based electronics. For comparison, the embedded figures show the same views for a typical $^{55}$Fe calibration event.
001637396 8564_ $$82320509$$s31928$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/StripsAgain_CX.png$$y00014 Left: dependence of the absolute gain with the amplification field for the CAST-C1, -C2 and -C3 detectors in Ar+2.3\%iC$_{4}$H$_{10}$ at 1 bar. Right: dependence of the strips energy resolution with the absolute gain.
001637396 8564_ $$82320510$$s40562$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/signalEfficiency_M18vsSim_Rej.png$$y00018 Left: comparison between the simulated and experimentally measured signal efficiency for two different sets of fixed efficiencies at 6 and 3 keV, the main and escape peak of a $^{55}$Fe calibration source. Right: distribution of usual observables used in the CAST analysis for three different target materials.
001637396 8564_ $$82320511$$s31243$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/StripsEres_vs_Again_CX.png$$y00015 Left: dependence of the absolute gain with the amplification field for the CAST-C1, -C2 and -C3 detectors in Ar+2.3\%iC$_{4}$H$_{10}$ at 1 bar. Right: dependence of the strips energy resolution with the absolute gain.
001637396 8564_ $$82320512$$s130963$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/pulsesBkgEvent.png$$y00002 Left: $x$ (black) and $y$ (red) strip pulses of CAST-M10 detector for a background event. The embedded figures show the pulses of an x-ray calibration event for comparison. Right: gain evolution of the CAST-M18 detector in operation at CAST during the 2013 data taking campaign.
001637396 8564_ $$82320513$$s73176$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/historic.png$$y00020 Black squared points represent background levels of the Micromegas detectors achieved in the CAST experiment. The lower point of this series corresponds to the 2013 data taking campaign. The red points represent the background levels achieved deep underground in the LSC facilities along the years.
001637396 8564_ $$82320514$$s28059$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/GainEvolutionSS1_2013.png$$y00003 Left: $x$ (black) and $y$ (red) strip pulses of CAST-M10 detector for a background event. The embedded figures show the pulses of an x-ray calibration event for comparison. Right: gain evolution of the CAST-M18 detector in operation at CAST during the 2013 data taking campaign.
001637396 8564_ $$82320515$$s1044225$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/t2kelectronics.png$$y00000 CAST-C3 Micromegas detector read out by AFTER-based electronics. The gray flat cables bring the strips' signals from the detector connector to the FEC (shielded in the picture with a copper plate) using a custom-made adaptor card. The HVs are supplied via the same printed circuit glued on the copper base. The signal induced on the mesh electrode after being preamplified is used for triggering the electronics. Data is gathered by the DAQ system via a standard network connection.
001637396 8564_ $$82320516$$s1039405$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/newSR.png$$y00011 Left: schematic view of the new detector design. Right: new detector installed in the vacuum line of the sunrise side of CAST magnet, partially shielded with lead.
001637396 8564_ $$82320517$$s26743$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/Transparency_C1_M18.png$$y00013 Left: hitmap distribution generated by $^{55}$Fe calibration events of the CAST-C3 detector (strip pitch is 500 $u$m). The orthogonal shadowed lines correspond to strong-back support of the x-ray entrance window. Right: dependence of the electron transmission with the ratio of drift and amplification fields for the new microbulk CAST-C1 detector at 1 bar. A curve of the old-type CAST-M18 detector is also shown for comparison. The gain has been normalized to the maximum of each series.
001637396 8564_ $$82320518$$s498483$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/T2Ksystem.png$$y00001 CAST-C3 Micromegas detector read out by AFTER-based electronics. The gray flat cables bring the strips' signals from the detector connector to the FEC (shielded in the picture with a copper plate) using a custom-made adaptor card. The HVs are supplied via the same printed circuit glued on the copper base. The signal induced on the mesh electrode after being preamplified is used for triggering the electronics. Data is gathered by the DAQ system via a standard network connection.
001637396 8564_ $$82320519$$s31462$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/SpcBkgSS1_2013.png$$y00009 Background energy spectra of the CAST2013-M18 detector installed on the sunset side of the CAST magnet during the first $\sim$446 hours of the 2013 data taking campaign before (blue) and after (red) the application of the veto cut. On the left, the background level is represented in logarithmic scale to ilustrate the raw background suppression, while on the right the attention is focused on the effect of the veto cut~\cite{GCantatore:SPSC2013}.
001637396 8564_ $$82320520$$s93121$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/xzview.png$$y00004 The $xz$ (left) and $yz$ (right) view of an electron acquired in a background run by the CAST-M10 detector in the RoI, using the AFTER-based electronics. For comparison, the embedded figures show the same views for a typical $^{55}$Fe calibration event.
001637396 8564_ $$82320521$$s40970$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/AllSpectra_M18.png$$y00016 Left: calibration energy spectra of the CAST-M18 detector installed in the x-ray beam of the CAST Detector Laboratory. Several materials were used as targets of the PIXE system to better scan the CAST energy RoI. Right: dependence of the energy resolution registered by the strips with the incident x-ray energy for three CAST-Micromegas detectors.
001637396 8564_ $$82320522$$s53685$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/sigmaXYcontours.png$$y00019 Left: comparison between the simulated and experimentally measured signal efficiency for two different sets of fixed efficiencies at 6 and 3 keV, the main and escape peak of a $^{55}$Fe calibration source. Right: distribution of usual observables used in the CAST analysis for three different target materials.
001637396 8564_ $$82320523$$s28603$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/BkgSpcRawSS1_2013.png$$y00008 Background energy spectra of the CAST2013-M18 detector installed on the sunset side of the CAST magnet during the first $\sim$446 hours of the 2013 data taking campaign before (blue) and after (red) the application of the veto cut. On the left, the background level is represented in logarithmic scale to ilustrate the raw background suppression, while on the right the attention is focused on the effect of the veto cut~\cite{GCantatore:SPSC2013}.
001637396 8564_ $$82320524$$s227875$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/vetosDrawing.png$$y00006 Left: schematic view of the scintillator vetos configuration on the sunset side of the CAST magnet. The two plastic scintillator vetos on the top and back of the detectors (horizontally and vertically displayed, repectively) are arranged to cover as much solid angle as possible. Right: time difference between the signal in the muon veto and the delayed Micromegas trigger.
001637396 8564_ $$82320525$$s41568$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/1637396/files/Res_vs_energy_newfit.png$$y00017 Left: calibration energy spectra of the CAST-M18 detector installed in the x-ray beam of the CAST Detector Laboratory. Several materials were used as targets of the PIXE system to better scan the CAST energy RoI. Right: dependence of the energy resolution registered by the strips with the incident x-ray energy for three CAST-Micromegas detectors.
001637396 916__ $$sn$$w201350$$ya2013
001637396 960__ $$a13
001637396 962__ $$b1504341$$kC12042$$nzaragoza20130701
001637396 980__ $$aARTICLE
001637396 980__ $$aConferencePaper