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Title	Development of Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors Technologies
Author(s)	Van stenis, M ; Resnati, F ; Garcia irastorza, I ; Radicioni, E ; Felici, G ; Herten, L G ; Colas, P M A ; Nikolopoulos, K ; Tsipolitis, G ; Breskin, A ; Rubovic, P ; Monteiro bernades, C M ; Gonzalez diaz, D ; Ozturk, S ; Gameiro munhoz, M ; Riegler, W ; Sharma, A ; Ketzer, B F ; Gasik, P J ; Dafni, T ; Gu, Y ; Hamar, G ; Dho, G ; Panzieri, D ; Duennweber, W ; Giomataris, I ; Attie, D M ; Kyriakis, A ; Tesi, A ; Pandey, A ; Petrucci, F ; Tzamarias, S ; Macko, M ; Teruel pardo, S ; Karagoz, Z ; Gazis, N ; Capeans garrido, M D M ; Schindler, H ; Alfonsi, M ; Castel pablo, J F ; Jimenez puyuelo, M ; Gera, A L ; Catanesi, M G ; Cardini, A ; Bencivenni, G ; De lucia, E ; Di donato, C ; Bellerive, A ; Millins, L K ; Jash, A ; Alexa, C ; Martoiu, V S ; Dehmelt, K ; Datta, J ; Polychronakos, V ; Woody, C L ; Anulli, F ; Hohlmann, M ; Veenhof, R J ; Sari, C ; Alsamak, I A ; Samarati, J ; Kalkan, Y ; Brunbauer, F M ; Alviggi, M ; Iengo, P ; Della pietra, M ; Pilo, F ; Tuominen, E M ; Bortfeldt, J F ; Zito, M ; Titov, M ; Fanourakis, G ; Bressler, S ; Cibinetto, G ; Ochi, A ; Tchepel, V ; Gnanvo, K A K ; Moran, B S ; Kordas, K ; Mukhopadhyay, S ; Pinci, D ; Marques ferreira dos santos, J ; Fissum, K G ; De oliveira, R ; Von oy, J ; Lippmann, C ; Voss, B J R ; Abbrescia, M ; Ranieri, A ; Turini, N ; Kurepin, A ; Kroha, H ; Kortner, O ; Balossino, I ; Shirk, J T ; Sampsonidis, D ; Karakoulias, I ; Fiutowski, T A ; Biagi, S F ; Kocer, Y ; Chernyshova, M ; Ropelewski, L ; Desch, K K ; Cebrian guajardo, S V ; Laszlo, A ; Alexeev, M ; Bressan, A ; Cortesi, M ; Renga, F ; Brucken, J E ; Alexopoulos, T ; Dris, M ; Higashino, S ; Purschke, M L ; Fassouliotis, D ; Petridou, C ; Bhattacharya, S ; Dabrowski, W ; Park, I ; Sahin, O ; Katsioulas, I ; Amedo martinez, P ; Majewski, P ; Luzon marco, G M ; Maestro, P ; Ferrer ribas, E ; Delbart, A ; Neep, T J ; Maltezos, S ; Geralis, T ; Solovov, V ; Nguyen, H T ; Shankman, N E ; Iakovidis, G ; Iodice, M ; Ferreira natal da luz, P H ; Tapan, I ; Barsuk, S ; Kaminski, J ; Rocco, E ; Carmona martinez, J M ; Jacquemier, J N ; Varga, D ; Maggi, M ; Berardi, V ; Tessarotto, F ; Levorato, S ; Reshetin, A ; Shekhtman, L ; Kalliokoski, M K ; Neyret, D ; Schune, P ; Daskalakis, G ; Koperny, S Z ; Mindur, B ; Kaya, Y N ; Leardini, S
Experiment	RD51
Greybook	See RD51 experiment
Approved	05 December 2008
Status	In-Progress
Accelerator	R&D
Abstract	The proposed R&D collaboration, RD51, aims at facilitating the development of advanced gas-avalanche detector technologies and associated electronic-readout systems, for applications in basic and applied research. Advances in particle physics have always been enabled by parallel advances in radiation-detector technology. Radiation detection and imaging with gas-avalanche detectors, capable of economically covering large detection volumes with a low material budget, have been playing an important role in many fields. Besides their widespread use in particle-physics and nuclear-physics experiments, gaseous detectors are employed in many other fields: astro-particle research and applications such as medical imaging, material science, and security inspection. While extensively employed at the LHC, RHIC, and other advanced HEP experiments, present gaseous detectors (wire-chambers, drift-tubes, resistive-plate chambers and others) have limitations which may prevent their use in future experiments. Present techniques will not be capable of coping with the expected high-flux and high-repetition rates, and often will not provide the needed space point resolution. For example, point resolution in large-volume TPCs based on wire read-out will suffer from high fluxes of back- flowing ions and from the limited granularity of the readout; particle-trackers will not withstand the high fluxes and will require large-area high-resolution localization; calorimeters will need better and faster sampling elements; Cherenkov detectors in particle and astro-particle experiments will require more efficient and robust large-area photon detectors; rare-event cryogenic noble-liquid detectors for dark- matter, neutrino-physics double-beta decay and other searches will require large-volume detectors with adequate economic low-radioactivity readout elements. Besides resolutions - radiation hardness, rate capability and economic aspects related to production costs are of major concern. The possibility of producing micro-structured semi-conductor devices (with structure sizes of tens of microns) and corresponding highly integrated readout electronics led to the success of semi-conductor (in particular silicon) detectors to achieve unprecedented space-point resolution. Micro-structured gas- amplification structures now open the possibility to apply the same technology to gaseous detectors and enable a plethora of new detector concepts and applications. The invention of Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD), in particular the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), the Micro-Mesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas), and more recently other micro pattern detector schemes, offers the potential to develop new gaseous detectors with unprecedented spatial resolution, high rate capability, large sensitive area, operational stability and radiation hardness. In some applications, requiring very large-area coverage with moderate spatial resolutions, more coarse Macro-patterned detectors, e.g. Thick-GEMs (THGEM) or patterned resistive-plate devices could offer an interesting and economic solution. The design of the new micro-pattern devices appears suitable for industrial production. In addition, the availability of highly integrated amplification and readout electronics allows for the design of gas-detector systems with channel densities comparable to that of modern silicon detectors. Modern wafer post- processing allows for the integration of gas-amplification structures directly on top of a pixelized readout chip. Thanks to these recent developments, particle detection through the ionization of gas has large fields of application in future particle, nuclear and astro-particle physics experiments with and without accelerators. We propose the formation of a world-wide collaboration, RD51, for R&D on MPGDs aiming at efficient coordinated effort to advance the development of MPGDs and associated technologies. The RD51 collaboration involves 298 authors, 57 Universities and Research laboratories from 21 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Africa. All partners are already actively pursuing either basic- or application-oriented R&D involving a variety of MPGD concepts. The collaboration will establish common goals, like experimental and simulation tools, characterization concepts and methods, common infrastructures at test beams and irradiation facilities, and methods and infrastructures for MPGD production. An intensified communication between the cooperating teams will be fostered in order to better understand and solve basic and technical issues and to solve common problems connected e.g. to detector optimization, discharge protection, ageing and radiation hardness, optimal choice and characterization of gas mixtures and component materials, availability of adequate simulation tools, optimized readout electronics and readout integration with detectors, as well as detector production aspects. Summarizing, the main objective of the R&D programme is to advance technological development and application of Micropattern Gas Detectors. The proposed research is organized in 7 working groups (WG) each being structured through a set of tasks. Working-group conveners will coordinate the R&D tasks of the respective working groups. They will nominate responsible persons for each individual task; they will be also responsible for proper communication between their working-group members and with other working groups.