Rapejar
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Rapejar (or rhyming, spitting,[1] emceeing,[2] MCing[2][3]) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular",[4] which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.[4] The components of rap include "content" (what is being said), "flow" (rhythm, rhyme), and "delivery" (cadence, tone).[5] Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.[6] Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture. The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which "oral historians",[7] or "praise-singers",[7] would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their formidable rhetorical techniques for gossip or to "praise or critique individuals."[7] Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of Black verbal reverence that goes back to ancient Egyptian practices, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's quick-witted verbal taunts and the palpitating poems of the Last Poets.[8] Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the "Black rhetorical continuum",[8] and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through "creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies.[8] The person credited with originating the style of "delivering rhymes over extensive music",[9] that would become known as rap, was Anthony "DJ Hollywood" Holloway from Harlem, New York.[9]
Normalment, el rap segueix un ritme, generalment proporcionat per un DJ, turntablism, beatboxing, o a capella sense acompanyament. Estilísticament, el rap està entre el discurs, la prosa, la poesia i el cant. La paraula, que precedeix la forma musical, originalment busca argumentar una posició[10] i s'utilitza per descriure amb una parla ràpida o repetida.[11] La paraula havia estat usada en anglès britànic des del segle XVI. El terme s'utilitzava en el dialecte afroamericà de l'anglès a la dècada de 1960 amb el significat de "conversar", i molt aviat després en el seu ús actual com a terme que denota l'estil musical.[12] Avui, el terme rap està tan relacionat amb la música hip-hop que molts escriptors utilitzen els termes de manera indistinta.
Referències
- ↑ Duneier, Kasinitz, Murphy. The Urban Ethnography Reader. Oxford University Press, 2014. ISBN 0199743576.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Edwards, 2009, p. xii.
- ↑ Edwards, 2009, p. 81.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Lynette Keyes, Cheryl. Rap Music and Street Consciousness. University of Illinois Press, 2004, p. 1.
- ↑ Edwards, 2009, p. x.
- ↑ Golus, Carrie. From Def Jam to Super Rich. Twenty First Century Books, 2012, p. 22. ISBN 0761381570.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Charry, Eric. Hip Hop Africa: New African Music in a Globalizing World. Indiana University Press, 2012, p. 79–80. ISBN 978-0-253-00575-5.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 N., Kopano, Baruti «Rap Music as an Extension of the Black Rhetorical Tradition: "Keepin' It Real"» (en anglès). The Western Journal of Black Studies, vol. 26, 4, 22-12-2002. ISSN: 0197-4327.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Hoffmann, Frank. Rhythm and Blues, Rap, and Hip-Hop (American Popular Music). Checkmark Books, 2007, p. 63. ISBN 0816073414.
- ↑ «Dictionary.com». [Consulta: February 2, 2008].
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary
- ↑ Safire, William (1992), "On language; The rap on hip-hop", The New York Times Magazine.
Bibliografia
- Edwards, Paul. How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC. Chicago Review Press, December 2009, p. 340. ISBN 1-55652-816-7.
- Kool Moe Dee. There's A God On The Mic: The True 50 Greatest MCs. Thunder's Mouth Press, November 2003, p. 224. ISBN 1-56025-533-1.
- stic.man. The Art Of Emceeing. Boss Up Inc., 2005.
- Krims, Adam. Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity. Cambridge University Press, 2001.