Strong's Lexicon kalam: To shame, to humiliate, to disgrace, to confound Original Word: כָּלַם Word Origin: A primitive root Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G2617 (καταισχύνω - kataischyno): To put to shame, to disgrace - G152 (αἰσχύνω - aischyno): To dishonor, to make ashamed Usage: The Hebrew verb "kalam" primarily conveys the idea of bringing shame or disgrace upon someone. It is often used in contexts where individuals or groups are put to shame due to their actions, failures, or as a result of divine judgment. The term can also imply being confounded or confused, often as a result of being shamed. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israelite society, honor and shame were significant cultural values. To be shamed or disgraced was a serious matter, affecting one's social standing and relationships within the community. The concept of shame was not only personal but also communal, impacting families and tribes. In the biblical context, shame could result from moral failure, defeat in battle, or divine judgment. Conversely, honor was associated with righteousness, victory, and divine favor. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be humiliated NASB Translation ashamed (6), bear her shame (1), blush (2), brought us to dishonor (1), confounded (1), disgraced (1), dishonored (7), embarrassed (1), feel ashamed (1), feel humiliated (1), humiliated (10), humiliates (2), humiliating (1), insult (1), insulted (3), rebuke (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [כָּלַם] verb only Niph`al, Hoph`al be humiliated, Hiph`il humiliate (Late Hebrew Hiph`il, id.; Aramaic כְּלַם Aph`el, Ithpe`el; Arabic Niph`al Perfect2feminine singular וְנִכְלַמְתְּ consecutive Jeremiah 22:22 2t.; 1 singular נִכְלַמְתִּי Jeremiah 31:19; Ezra 9:6, נִכְלָ֑מְתִּי Isaiah 50:7; 3plural נִכְלְמוּ Isaiah 45:16 2t.; Imperfect3feminine singular תִּכָּלֵם Numbers 12:14; 2feminine singular תִּכָּֽלְמִי Isaiah 54:4; 3masculine plural יִכָּֽלְמוּ Isaiah 41:11 5t.; 2 masculine plural תִּכָּֽלְמוּ Isaiah 45:17; Imperative masculine plural הִכָּֽלְמוּ Ezekiel 36:32; Infinitive construct הִכָּלֵם Jeremiah 3:3; Jeremiah 8:12; Participle נִכְלָם Psalm 74:21; masculine plural נִכְלָמִים 2 Samuel 10:5 2t.; feminine plural נִכְלָמוֺת Ezekiel 16:27>; — be humiliated, ashamed, put to shame, dishonoured, confounded: 1 be humiliated, ashamed, before men Numbers 12:14 (E), 2 Samuel 10:5 = 1 Chronicles 19:5; 2 Samuel 19:4, compare Psalm 74:21; before enemies (by defeat, etc.) Isaiah 45:17 ("" בושׁ), Isaiah 50:7; Isaiah 54:4 ("" בושׁ, חפר); before God, followed by לְ infinitive, וְנִכְלַמְתִּי אֱלֹהַי לְהָרִים מָּנַי אֵלֶיךָ Ezra 9:6 ("" בושׁ); Jeremiah 3:3; Ezekiel 16:27,54 ("" נָשָׂא כְלִמָּה), Ezekiel 43:10,11 (all + מִן causative) Ezekiel 16:61, so probably Levites, at Hezekiah's reforms 2Chronicles 30:5. 2 be put to shame, dishonoured, confounded, by judgments of ׳י, all "" בושׁ: Jeremiah 22:22 (מִן of cause), Ezekiel 36:32 (id.), Jeremiah 31:19 (כִּי of cause), Jeremiah 8:12; Isaiah 41:11; Isaiah 45:16 (+ הָלַךְ בַּכְּלִמָּה), Psalm 35:4; Psalm 69:7; + חפר Psalm 40:15; Psalm 70:3. Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular suffix הִכְּלִמוֺ 1 Samuel 20:34; 3masculine plural suffix הֶכְלַמְנוּם (Ges§ 53, 3 R. 6) 1 Samuel 25:7; Imperfect יַכְלִים Proverbs 28:7; 2masculine singular suffix וַתַּכְלִימֵנוּ Psalm 44:10; 2masculine plural suffix תַּכְלִימוּנִי Job 19:3, מֿוּהָ Ruth 2:15; Infinitive construct הַכְלִים Jeremiah 6:15; Proverbs 25:8; Participle מַכְלִים Judges 18:7 (but see below), מַכְלִם Job 11:3; — 1 put to shame = insult, humiliate, with accusative 1 Samuel 20:34; 1 Samuel 25:7 (compare Hoph`al 1 Samuel 25:15) Ruth 2:15; Job 19:3; humiliate by rebuke Job 11:3; humiliate by defeat Proverbs 25:8; Psalm 44:10; cause shame to Proverbs 28:7; — Judges 18:7 is corrupt (see Be VB GFM; Be proposes מַחְסוֺר כלדֿבר there was no lack of anything, for ᵑ0 ׳מַכְלִים ד; GFM conjectures מְכַלֵּא מִדָּבָר there is no one to restrain (us) from anything in the land). 2 exhibit shame Jeremiah 6:15 ("" בוֺשׁ). Hoph`al Perfect 11plural לֹא הָכְלַמְנוּ 1 Samuel 25:15 we were not insulted, humiliated (compare Hiph`il 1). 23plural חָכְלְמוּ Jeremiah 14:3 they were put to shame, dishonoured, confounded ("" בושׁ). Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be make ashamed, blush, be confounded, be put to confusion, hurt, reproachA primitive root; properly, to wound; but only figuratively, to taunt or insult -- be (make) ashamed, blush, be confounded, be put to confusion, hurt, reproach, (do, put to) shame. Forms and Transliterations בְּהַכְלִ֖ים בהכלים הִכְלִמ֖וֹ הִכָּלֵֽם׃ הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם הַכְלִים֙ הַנִּכְלָמ֖וֹת הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים הָכְלַ֙מְנוּ֙ הכלים הכלם׃ הכלמו הכלמנו הכלמנום הנכלמות הנכלמים וְהִכָּלְמ֛וּ וְהִכָּלֵם֙ וְהָכְלְמ֖וּ וְיִכָּ֣לְמ֔וּ וְיִכָּלְמ֑וּ וְיִכָּלְמ֖וּ וְיִכָּלְמוּ֮ וְנִכְלַ֔מְתְּ וְנִכְלַ֔מְתִּי וְנִכְלַ֕מְתְּ וְנִכְלַמְתְּ֒ וַתַּכְלִימֵ֑נוּ והכלם והכלמו ויכלמו ונכלמת ונכלמתי ותכלימנו יִכָּ֣לְמוּ יַכְלִ֥ים יכלים יכלמו מַכְלִ֨ים מַכְלִֽם׃ מכלים מכלם׃ נִכְלְמ֖וּ נִכְלְמ֞וּ נִכְלְמוּ֙ נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי נִכְלָ֑ם נִכְלָ֑מְתִּי נִכְלָמִ֣ים נכלם נכלמו נכלמים נכלמתי תִּכָּלְמִ֖י תִכָּלְמ֖וּ תִכָּלֵ֖ם תַּכְלִימ֑וּנִי תַכְלִימֽוּהָ׃ תכלימוה׃ תכלימוני תכלם תכלמו תכלמי bə·haḵ·lîm behachLim bəhaḵlîm hā·ḵə·lam·nū hacheLamnu hachLim haḵ·lîm hāḵəlamnū haḵlîm han·niḵ·lā·mîm han·niḵ·lā·mō·wṯ hannichlaMim hannichlaMot hanniḵlāmîm hanniḵlāmōwṯ hechlamNum heḵ·lam·nūm heḵlamnūm hichliMo hik·kā·lêm hiḵ·li·mōw hikkaLem hikkālêm hiḵlimōw machLim maḵ·lim maḵ·lîm maḵlim maḵlîm nichLam nichLameti nichlaMim nichLamti nichleMu niḵ·lā·mə·tî niḵ·lā·mîm niḵ·lām niḵ·lam·tî niḵ·lə·mū niḵlām niḵlāmətî niḵlāmîm niḵlamtî niḵləmū tachliMuha tachliMuni ṯaḵ·lî·mū·hā taḵ·lî·mū·nî ṯaḵlîmūhā taḵlîmūnî tik·kā·lə·mî ṯik·kā·lə·mū ṯik·kā·lêm tikkaLem ṯikkālêm tikkāləmî ṯikkāləmū tikkalMi tikkalMu vattachliMenu vehacheleMu vehikkaLem vehikkalMu venichLamt venichLamti veyikkalMu wat·taḵ·lî·mê·nū wattaḵlîmênū wə·hā·ḵə·lə·mū wə·hik·kā·lə·mū wə·hik·kā·lêm wə·niḵ·lam·tî wə·niḵ·lamt wə·yik·kā·lə·mū wəhāḵələmū wəhikkālêm wəhikkāləmū wəniḵlamt wəniḵlamtî wəyikkāləmū yachLim yaḵ·lîm yaḵlîm yik·kā·lə·mū yikkāləmū yikKalmuLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Numbers 12:14 HEB: בְּפָנֶ֔יהָ הֲלֹ֥א תִכָּלֵ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים NAS: in her face, would she not bear her shame for seven KJV: in her face, should she not be ashamed seven INT: her face not bear seven days Judges 18:7 Ruth 2:15 1 Samuel 20:34 1 Samuel 25:7 1 Samuel 25:15 2 Samuel 10:5 2 Samuel 19:3 1 Chronicles 19:5 2 Chronicles 30:15 Ezra 9:6 Job 11:3 Job 19:3 Psalm 35:4 Psalm 40:14 Psalm 44:9 Psalm 69:6 Psalm 70:2 Psalm 74:21 Proverbs 25:8 Proverbs 28:7 Isaiah 41:11 Isaiah 45:16 Isaiah 45:17 Isaiah 50:7 38 Occurrences |
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is wound; 
also speak to, converse with); — 
