Strong's Lexicon ob: Medium, necromancer, spiritist, ghost, familiar spirit Original Word: אוֹב Word Origin: Derived from an unused root meaning to mumble or speak with a hollow sound. Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G1139 (δαιμονίζομαι, daimonizomai): To be demon-possessed or influenced by a demon. - G4151 (πνεῦμα, pneuma): Spirit, often used in the context of spiritual beings or influences. Usage: The term "אוֹב" ('ob) in the Hebrew Bible refers to a medium or necromancer, someone who communicates with the dead or familiar spirits. It is often associated with practices that are forbidden in the Israelite community, as they are seen as contrary to the worship of Yahweh and reliance on His guidance. Cultural and Historical Background: In the ancient Near East, consulting the dead or seeking guidance from spirits was a common practice among various cultures. These practices were often linked to attempts to gain insight into the future or to seek advice from deceased ancestors. However, in the context of Israelite religion, such practices were strictly prohibited as they were seen as a form of idolatry and a rejection of God's sovereignty and revelation through His prophets. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom an unused word Definition a bottle (made from animal skin), a necromancer NASB Translation medium (2), medium* (3), mediums (9), spirit (1), wineskins (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs אוֺב noun masculineJob 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer, etc. — absolute ׳א Leviticus 20:27 8t.; plural אֹבוֺת Leviticus 19:31 7t. — 1 skin-bottle, only plural אֹבוֺת חֲדָשִׁים new (wine-) skins Job 32:19. 2 necromancer, in phrase אוֺב אוֺ יִדְּעֹנִי necromancer or wizard Leviticus 20:27 (H; usually translated 'a man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard' RV; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no sufficient reason for exceptional use of phrase here); וְיִדְּעֹנִי ׳א Deuteronomy 18:11; 2Chronicles 33:6 = 2 Kings 21:6 (where וידענים ׳א); הָאֹבוֺת וְהַיִּדְּעֹנִים Leviticus 19:31; Leviticus 20:6 (H) 1 Samuel 28:3,9; 2 Kings 23:24; Isaiah 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, probably ventriloquism, & so ᵐ5) Isaiah 19:3. 3 ghost, Isaiah 29:4 וְהָיָה כְּאוֺב מֵאֶרֶץ קוֺלֵח וּמֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵח תְּצַפְצֵף and thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che and others, but chirping might be of necromancer, as Isaiah 8:19). 4 necromancy אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַתאֿוֺב a woman who was mistress of necromancy 1 Samuel 28:7 (twice in verse); (> RSJPh xiv, 127 f makes אוֺב primarily a subterranean spirit, and significant. 2 only an abbreviation of ׳בעלתא etc.); קסם בּאוֺב divine by necromancy 1 Samuel 28:8, which seems to be interpretation of 1 Chronicles 10:13 ׳שׁאל בא inquire by necromancy. (In these three examples אוֺב is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.) Strong's Exhaustive Concordance bottle, familiar spirit From the same as 'ab (apparently through the idea of prattling a father's name); properly, a mumble, i.e. A water skin (from its hollow sound); hence a necromancer (ventriloquist, as from a jar) -- bottle, familiar spirit. see HEBREW 'ab Forms and Transliterations א֔וֹב א֖וֹב א֛וֹב אוֹב֙ אוב בָּא֔וֹב בָּא֖וֹב באוב הָֽאֹבֹת֙ הָאֹב֖וֹת הָאֹב֣וֹת הָאֹב֥וֹת הָאֹבֹת֙ הָאֹבוֹת֙ האבות האבת כְּא֤וֹב כְּאֹב֥וֹת כאבות כאוב ’ō·wḇ ’ōwḇ bā’ōwḇ bā·’ō·wḇ baov hā’ōḇōṯ hā’ōḇōwṯ hā·’ō·ḇō·wṯ hā·’ō·ḇōṯ haOt haoVot kə’ōḇōwṯ kə’ōwḇ kə·’ō·ḇō·wṯ kə·’ō·wḇ keov keoVot ovLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Leviticus 19:31 HEB: תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־ הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־ הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים NAS: Do not turn to mediums or spiritists; KJV: Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek INT: turn to mediums to spiritists Leviticus 20:6 Leviticus 20:27 Deuteronomy 18:11 1 Samuel 28:3 1 Samuel 28:7 1 Samuel 28:7 1 Samuel 28:8 1 Samuel 28:9 2 Kings 21:6 2 Kings 23:24 1 Chronicles 10:13 2 Chronicles 33:6 Job 32:19 Isaiah 8:19 Isaiah 19:3 Isaiah 29:4 17 Occurrences |
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