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Ugo Giachery

From Bahaipedia
Ugo Giachery
BornMay 13, 1896
Palermo, Città Metropolitana di Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
DiedJuly 5, 1989
Apia, Tuamasaga, Samoa
NSA memberItaly & Switzerland
1953 - 1962
IBC member1952 - 1961
Title(s)Hand of the Cause
Europe
1951 - 1964
1969 - 1989
Americas
1964 - 1969
Appointed byShoghi Effendi
Spouse(s)Angeline (d. April 23, 1980), m. 1926
ParentsFather: Uberto Giachery
Signature

Dr. Ugo R. Giachery (May 13, 1896 - July 5, 1989)[1] was a prominent Italian Bahá’í and Hand of the Cause from an aristocratic family from Palermo. He translated many Bahá’í books into Italian and secured marble supplies from Italy for the superstructure of the Shrine of the Báb and the International Archives Building.

He was appointed a Hand of the Cause by Shoghi Effendi in December 1951, who also appointed him as a member-at-large of the International Bahá’í Council, and named one of the doors of the Shrine of the Báb after him.

Biography[edit]

Early Life[edit]

Giachery was born in Palermo in 1896 as the fifth child in a family of nine. He served as an officer in the King of Italy's Grenadier Guards during World War I and as a result of being wounded he obtained a government scholarship,[2] which permitted him to earn degrees from the Royal Technical Institute of Palermo, Sicily, and a doctorate in chemistry from Palermo's Royal University.[3]

At some point Giachery moved to the United States where he met Angeline, a Bahá’í, who he married on February 24th, 1926, in New York City. He wrote to Shoghi Effendi and became a Bahá’í shortly after marrying Angeline, and he was appointed as Chairman of the New York Teaching Committee and elected as treasurer of the New York Local Spiritual Assembly. In December 1944 he chaired a regional Bahá’í Conference in Syracuse, New York at which Bahá’í children's classes, development of Local Spiritual Assemblies and firesides were discussed.[4]

Service in Italy[edit]

The Giacherys sold their home and pioneered to Italy in 1947 in accordance with Shoghi Effendi's Seven Year Plan for the American Bahá’ís which requested that they assist the spread of the Faith in Europe. They departed the US on February 9 and arrived in Naples on February 20 and then took a twelve hour bus journey to Rome.[5] In March 1947 Signor Salvetti became the first person to become a Bahá’í during the Seven Year Plan after meeting with the Giacherys.[6] By October 1947 a second person, Signora Verena Venturini, became a Bahá’í through the efforts of the Giacherys,[7] and in 1948 the Local Spiritual Assembly of Rome was formed with Ugo as a member. A photo of this Assembly was framed and placed in Bahji by Shoghi Effendi. Giachery translated many Bahá’í texts from English to Italian while living in Rome.

Ugo Giachery and Mildred Mottahedeh at United Nations Conference, 1948.

On April 29, 1948, the first contract for marble for the construction of the Shrine of the Báb was secured through Giachery's efforts and he remained responsible for supplying marble to the Holy Land until 1957. He also had to secure steel and stone for the Shrine due to scarcity of the two resources in the Holy Land, the first stone being laid in March 1949, and the last shipment of which was made from Italy on November 22nd, 1951.[8][9] In May 1948 Giachery visited Geneva as part of a delegation to represent the Faith at an international United Nations conference, taking part in consultation on human rights with international non-governmental organizations.[10] In September 1948 he represented the Faith at the congress of World Federalists in Luxembourg.[11] On December 10, 1948, he attended the Universal Declaration of Human Rights meeting, as the Declaration was drafted at the May conference.

In 1949 Giachery noted that the Local Spiritual Assembly of Rome was still receiving generous donations from the Bahá’í's of Rome despite severe inflation in Italy when asked if the Assembly of Rome needed to stop providing funds towards the American Temple construction.[12] In June 1950 he was again a member of a delegation to a United Nations conference for international non-governmental organizations in Geneva.[13] In July 1950 he introduced a consultation on the need for the publication and translation of Bahá’í literature at the Third European Teaching Conference in Copenhagen.[14]

Giachery raised the importance of translating Bahá’í books for teaching purposes again at the second Bahá’í European Teaching Summer School in Scheveningen, Holland in 1951.[15] In September 1951 he arranged a display of Bahá’í literature at the fourth European Teaching Conference also in Scheveningen, and served as master of ceremonies at a Unity Feast held during the Conference. He also presented a session on 'Extension Teaching' with his wife on the last day of the conference.[16] Ugo and Angeline often visited Sardinia to teach the Faith in the 1950's, with hundreds becoming aware of the religion there.[17] At some point during the 1950's they resided in an apartment block outside St. Peter's Square owned by the Vatican.[18]

Service as Hand of the Cause in Europe[edit]

Ugo Giachery.

Shoghi Effendi appointed Giachery a Hand of the Cause of God on December 24, 1951, and as a member of the International Bahá’í Council in March 1952, although as a member-at-large he did not move his residence to the Holy Land to serve. In 1952 he visited the Holy Land and during his visit Shoghi Effendi instructed him to take steps towards forming a National Spiritual Assembly of Italy and Switzerland in conjunction with the European Teaching Committee.[19] In March 1952 he helped organize the first Italian Bahá’í Conference, giving an opening address in which he spoke on the importance of establishing what would be the second National Spiritual Assembly of the Seven Year Plan.[20] The National Assembly of Italy & Switzerland was formed in 1953 with Giachery being elected as a member and serving on the body until 1962, when independent Assemblies for Italy and Switzerland were formed.[21]

At Ridvan 1953 Auxiliary Board members were appointed to assist the Hands of the Cause. Giachery was a Hand of the Cause for the European Continent and he appointed three Auxiliary Board members, one of whom was Angeline, who were assigned responsibility for assisting him in protecting and propagating the Faith in Spain, Portugal, the Balearic Islands, Monaco, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Malta, Greece, Crete, Rhodes, and Cyprus.[22]

In July 1953 Giachery represented Shoghi Effendi at an Intercontinental Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden, and he had the responsibility of delivering the Guardian's official message to the Conference, explaining the purpose of the Ten Year Crusade which was beginning that year, inspiring the Bahá’ís to engage in working towards the goals of the Crusade, and presenting a remembrance of the Báb.[23] He was unable to attend the African Intercontinental Conference held in February 1953 but did send a telegram to it.[24] In May 1953 he attended a Teaching Conference in Paris,[25] and in September 1953 he again represented the Faith at a United Nations Conference in Geneva for non-governmental organizations of Europe.[26] Giachery attended the Intercontinental Conference in New Delhi, India, held from October 7th to 15th 1953, and met Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and he visited Iran for two months after departing India in accordance with instructions from Shoghi Effendi.[27]

In October 1954 Giachery attended a Conference in Frankfurt, Germany, for the Hands in Europe, barring George Townshend who was too ill to travel, and the Auxiliary Board of Europe, which was held for the purpose of determining how the goals of the Ten Year Crusade would be achieved and how the Hands and the Auxiliary Board could cooperate with the National Spiritual Assemblies of Europe to achieve them.[28] In November 1954 Ugo and Angeline went on Pilgrimage at the request of Shoghi Effendi, and in 1955 Shoghi Effendi announced that thirteen Conventions were to be held across the world to establish administrative infrastructure, appointing Ugo as his representative at the Convention held in Madrid.[29]

Hands of the Cause and Auxiliary Board for Europe in Frankfurt in October 1954. Ugo is at front and center.

Giachery chaired the third Italo-Swiss Convention in 1955 held in the newly purchased Haziratu'l-Quds of Bern in Switzerland and he presented gifts from the Guardian to the Italo-Swiss community he had received while on Pilgrimage which were a covering from the Tomb of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, a copy of the Seal of Bahá'u'lláh, and photographs of the Wilmette House of Worship and Shrine of the Báb.[30] He was appointed as Chairman of a committee to handle an appeal to the United Nations regarding persecution of the Faith in Iran in 1955,[31] and he also attended the All-France Conference and first French Summer School in Lyon in August that year.[32] On November 12, 1955, he conducted the dedication of the new Haziratu'l-Quds of Rome.[33]

In September 1956 Giachery made a two day visit to the second French Summer School in Menton-Garavan and spoke on the construction of the International Archives building.[34] On April 21st, 1957, he dedicated the Haziratu'l-Quds of Madrid and then represented the Guardian at the first Iberian Convention, at which the National Spiritual Assembly of the Iberian Peninsula was established.[35] In November, 1957, Giachery attended the funeral of Shoghi Effendi in England and participated in the Conclave of the Hands in the Holy Land on November 4, 1957. He was one of the five Hands who inspected the Guardians apartment to search for a will on November 15,[36] and he signed a Proclamation with his fellow Hands regarding the future of the Faith on November 25, 1957.[37] After the Conclave he was appointed as an alternate Custodian, to serve as a Custodian temporarily in the event that one of the nine Custodians was unable to serve in the position and he attended annual Conclaves of the Hands held in the Holy Land up until 1963.[38]

Before his passing Shoghi Effendi had appointed Giachery as his representative to an Intercontinental Conference which was held in Chicago in May 1958, and he was also given the responsibility of displaying the portraits of Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb at the Conference.[39][40] He also attended a public meeting on God Declaring Himself to Man in Phoenix organised by the Local Spiritual Assembly while in the United States, speaking alongside representatives of other religions.[41]

Service as Hand of the Cause in the Americas[edit]

Ugo Giachery with Manila Lee at World Peace Day in San Diego, 1964.

In January 1964 Ugo and Angeline moved from Europe to the Americas so that he could assume duties as Hand of the Cause in the Western Hemisphere, being assigned responsibility for protecting and propagating the Faith in Mexico, Central America, and the Antilles.[42]

In 1964 Giachery attended the fourth National Convention of Panama,[43] attended the seventh Yukon Bahá’í Conference held at Jackson Lake at which he spoke on teaching the Faith and the Guardian, and spoke at the seventh Alaskan Summer School in Juneau.[44] He also visited Guatemala along with Artemus Lamb during 1964 strengthening the community there,[45] and in September participated in a World Peace Day celebration in San Diego at which the cities Mayor spoke.[46] In December 1964 he visited Tucson, Arizona, for five days and spoke at a Human Rights Day event on the Spiritual Origin of Human Rights and was interviewed on local television. He also spoke on science and religion at a youth gathering at the University of Arizona and attended a Feast, met with the Local Spiritual Assembly, and visited some isolated believers.[47]

In February 1965 Giachery spoke at a meeting in Escondido, California, at which members of the Diegueno, Capuchine, Luisene and Cupeno Native American tribes were present,[48] and in April he and his fellow Hands in the Western Hemisphere called a Teaching Conference in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, for Auxiliary Board members..[49] During the year he also attended the fifth National Convention of the Bahá’ís of Guatemala,[50] a commemoration of the Martyrdom of the Báb at the second Summer School at Big Bear Lake in California,[51] and had a commentary he had written on an Encyclical Letter of Pope John XXIII was published in Bahá’í News in May 1965.[52] He was unable to attend a memorial service held for Leroy Ioas at the House of Worship in Wilmette on October 16, 1965, but he conveyed a message which was read.[53]

In April 1966 Giachery attended the sixth National Convention of Honduras in San Pedro Sula,[54] spoke at the third Southern California Summer School at Pacific Palisades alongside fellow Hand William Sears,[55] and visited Arizona speaking at a celebration of the Birth of Bahá'u'lláh, a large gathering in Encanto Park, Phoenix, and a fireside in Tempe on the construction of the Shrine of the Báb, and a gathering in Cave Creek where he spoke on the Nine Year Plan.[56] In November 1966 he spoke on the Covenant at a youth Conference in Southern California.[57]

International Travels[edit]

Giachery made extensive international travels in 1967 beginning with a tour of the Caribbean in February. He attended a one-day institute in Grant Etang, Grenada on February 12,[58] and in April he represented the Universal House of Justice at the establishment of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Leeward, Windward and Virgin Islands at the islands first National Convention,[59] and also at the establishment of the National Spiritual Assembly of Belize.[60] Later in the year he visited Turkey and opened a Commemoration of the Proclamation of Bahá'u'lláh in Adrianople. In July he attended a Summer School held in the mountains of the Cleveland National Forest.[61] Later in the year he went to Australasia, representing the Universal House of Justice at an Intercontinental Conference in Sydney, Australia and after the Conference he gave an address at the Yerrinbool Summer School.[62] In October 1967 he visited Auckland, Devonport, and Whangarei in New Zealand,[63][64] and at some point he also visited Samoa and presented a copy of The Proclamation of Bahá’u’lláh to Malietoa Tanumafili II, the reigning Monarch of Western Samoa. He made an additional visit to Samoa for subsequent audiences with the Malietoa at the request of the Universal House of Justice.[65]

In 1968 Giachery returned to the Mediterranean and making a three day visit to the island of Sardinia in May and a one week visit to Palermo in June.[66] In July he met with the Continental Board of Counsellors in Central America in Panama City,[67] but by August he had returned to Europe to represent the Universal House of Justice at the first Baháʼí Mediterranean Conference in Sicily.[68] He then traveled to the Holy Land to attend the Commemoration of the Arrival of Bahá’u’lláh in the Holy Land the same month.[69] In November he visited El Salvador and assisted with Proclamation events and at some point during the year he presented a copy of The Proclamation of Bahá'u'lláh to the Vatican.[70]

In early 1969 Giachery visited California and gave a talk in El Cajon.[71] Later in the year he visited Europe and participated in the Luxembourg and Scandinavia summer schools, met with National Spiritual Assemblies, and visited local communities with his visit to Norway receiving some press coverage.[72] In May he attended a Conference of the Continental Board of Counsellors for Europe,[73] and in August he participated in the French Summer School in Annecy/Sevrier.[74] The Giacherys moved their residence to Place des Moulins, Monaco, during the year and in October Giachery participated in a public conference in the country.[75]

In January 1970 Giachery attended a Bahá’í Iberian Conference in Madrid,[76] and in May he and Angeline attended a celebration of the Declaration of the Báb in Perugia, Italy, then the Seventh Italian Youth Symposium in the Republic of San Marino in June.[77][78] In July he attended the Finland Summer School in Salo,[79] and in August he and Angeline attended the France Summer School in Annecy/Sevrier.[80]

In early 1972 Ugo and Angeline undertook an extensive tour of Central America at the request of the Universal House of Justice which included visiting Belize in February,[81] a sojourn for several days in Miami in March before traveling on to Haiti and the rest of the Caribbean including Trinidad and Tobago.[82][83] In April Ugo represented the Universal House of Justice at the formation of the National Spiritual Assembly of Puerto Rico,[84] in May he attended a Counsellors Conference in Bogota, Colombia,[85] and in July he was back in Europe and attended the Norwegian Summer School.[86]

In 1973 Giachery completed the book Shoghi Effendi: Recollections, a memoir of the Guardian and some of his services to him.[87] In April 1974 he represented the Universal House of Justice at the United Kingdom National Convention,[88] in June he attended the wedding of two Auxiliary Board members in France alongside Jalal Khazeh,[89] and in August he attended the French Summer School at Carry-le-Rouet with Angeline.[90] In August 1975 he and Angeline spoke at the first Summer School of Portugal and he spoke on the Five Year Plan and his memories of the Guardian,[91] and he also visited the Italian Summer School and first Greek Summer School.[92] In mid 1975 he visited Lichtenstein where he met with Prince Franz Josef II and presented him with a copy of The Bahá’í World Vol. XIV and answered some questions about the religion.[93] Late in 1975 he visited Iran for an extended time and in October he attended a National Teaching Conference in Tehran.[94]

In mid 1976 Ugo and Angeline attended a National Teaching Conference in France,[95] and in June Giachery represented the Universal House of Justice at an International Conference in Helsinki, Finland, one of a series held to support the Five Year Plan.[96] In September 1976 he visited the resting place of Shoghi Effendi with His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II of Western Samoa. He met with him again in Western Samoa in December 1980 and spoke at a Summer School. In 1982 he represented the Universal House of Justice at a Conference commemorating the Greatest Holy Leaf in Canberra, Australia.

Later Years[edit]

In 1989 Ugo visited Samoa again. He fell ill and was taken to hospital where he passed on July 5, 1989. The Universal House of Justice conveyed the following message following his passing:

"Deeply grieved loss valiant, indefatigable, dearly-loved, distinguished Hand Cause Dr. Ugo Giachery. His passing in course historic visit Samoa adds fresh laurels to crown aheady won during ministry beloved Guardian, and reinforces spiritual distinction vast Pacific region, already blessed by interment four other Hands. His magnificent accomplishments as Member at Large of International Bahá’í Council in connection raising superstructure Shrine of the Bab, which prompted Guardian to name one of the doors of that noble edifice after him, his painstaking efforts in promoting on the local, national and international levels, paramount interests of the Faith, his notable achievement in establishment Italo-Swiss National Spiritual Assembly on eve launching Ten Year Crusade, his outstanding qualities of zeal, fidelity, determination and perseverance, which characterized imperishable record his arduous labours-all combine to richly adorn annals Faith over period his superb, assiduous exertions, and undoubtedly assure him bountiful reward in Kingdom on High. Advise all National Spiritual Assemblies hold befitting memorial gatherings his name, particularly in Mashriqu'l-Adhkárs in recognition his unique position, splendid services."

Publications[edit]

Books[edit]

Articles[edit]

  • 1956 - An Italian Scientist Extols the Báb, published in Baháʼí World: Vol. 12.[97]
  • 1968 - The Baháʼí World Community, published in Baháʼí News, No. 453.[98]
  • 1974 - Dorothy Beecher Baker: Reflections On the Occasion of the 20th Anniversary of Her Passing with Angeline Giachery, published in Baháʼí News, No. 514.[99]
  • 1974 - The Cost of Constancy: Impressions of Lydia Zamenhof with Angeline Giachery, published in Baháʼí News, No. 515.[100]

Talks[edit]

References[edit]

Bahai.media has a related page: Ugo Giachery
Bahai.works has a related page: Author:Ugo Giachery
  • Harper, Barron (1997). Lights of Fortitude (Paperback ed.). Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 0-85398-413-1.
  • Obituary, Baha'i World, Vol. 20, p 777-784

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Rabbani, R. (Ed.) (1992). The Ministry of the Custodians 1957-1963. Bahá’í World Centre. pp. xxiii. ISBN 085398350X.
  2. ↑ Baha'i World, vol. 20, page 809
  3. ↑ American Bahá'í Obituary, August 1989
  4. ↑ Baha'i News (1945). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 174, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF., Link
  5. ↑ Baha'i News (1947). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 192, Pg(s) 1. View as PDF.
  6. ↑ Baha'i News (1947). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 195, Pg(s) 1. View as PDF.
  7. ↑ Baha'i News (1947). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 200, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  8. ↑ Baha'i News (1951). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 245, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  9. ↑ Baha'i News (1952). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 252, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  10. ↑ Baha'i News (1948). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 211, Pg(s) 9. View as PDF.
  11. ↑ Baha'i News (November 1948). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 213, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  12. ↑ Baha'i News (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 223, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  13. ↑ Baha'i News (1950). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 237, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  14. ↑ Baha'i News (1950). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 236, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  15. ↑ Baha'i News (1951). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 250, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  16. ↑ Bahá’í News, No. 251, p 7-8
  17. ↑ Baha'i News (1966). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 426, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  18. ↑ Bill Washington, Hands of the Cause of God: Personal Recollections, https://bahai-library.com/washington_recollections_hands_cause&chapter=5
  19. ↑ Baha'i News (1952). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 254, Pg(s) 1. View as PDF.
  20. ↑ Baha'i News (1952). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 256, Pg(s) 9. View as PDF.
  21. ↑ Baha'i News (1953). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 268, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  22. ↑ Baha'i News (1954). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 280, Pg(s) 6. View as PDF.
  23. ↑ Báha'i News, No. 263, p 2
  24. ↑ Baha'i News (1953). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 267, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  25. ↑ Baha'i News (1953). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 269, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  26. ↑ Baha'i News (1953). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 273, Pg(s) 15. View as PDF.
  27. ↑ Baha'i News (1953). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 273, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  28. ↑ Baha'i News (1954). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 286, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  29. ↑ Baha'i News (1955). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 291, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  30. ↑ Baha'i News (1955). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 294, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  31. ↑ Baha'i News (1955). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 295, Pg(s) 1. View as PDF.
  32. ↑ Baha'i News (1955). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 296, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  33. ↑ Baha'i News (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 299, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  34. ↑ Baha'i News (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 310, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  35. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 316, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  36. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/uhj_ministry_custodians&chapter=1
  37. ↑ Baha'i News, No. 323, pp 1-3
  38. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/uhj_ministry_custodians&chapter=1
  39. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 322, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  40. ↑ Baha'i News (1958). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 325, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  41. ↑ Baha'i News (1958). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 330, Pg(s) 14. View as PDF.
  42. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 397, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  43. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 400, Pg(s) 12. View as PDF.
  44. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 403, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  45. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 404, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  46. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 405, Pg(s) 20. View as PDF.
  47. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 408, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  48. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 410, Pg(s) 14. View as PDF.
  49. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 411, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  50. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 413, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  51. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 415, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  52. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 410, Pg(s) 6. View as PDF.
  53. ↑ Baha'i News (1965). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 417, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  54. ↑ Baha'i News (1966). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 425, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  55. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 432, Pg(s) 16. View as PDF.
  56. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 430, Pg(s) 19. View as PDF.
  57. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 431, Pg(s) 17. View as PDF.
  58. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 436, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  59. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 435, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  60. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 436, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  61. ↑ Baha'i News (1967). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 438, Pg(s) 12. View as PDF.
  62. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 444, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  63. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 443, Pg(s) 9. View as PDF.
  64. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 446, Pg(s) 9. View as PDF.
  65. ↑ Baha'i News (1973). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 508, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  66. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 450, Pg(s) 6. View as PDF.
  67. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 451, Pg(s) 14. View as PDF.
  68. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 451, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  69. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 452, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  70. ↑ Baha'i News (1969). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 455, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  71. ↑ Baha'i News (1969). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 457, Pg(s) 14. View as PDF.
  72. ↑ Baha'i News (1969). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 464, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  73. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 467, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  74. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 466, Pg(s) 15. View as PDF.
  75. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 466, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  76. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 469, Pg(s) 22. View as PDF.
  77. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 474, Pg(s) 17. View as PDF.
  78. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 474, Pg(s) 16. View as PDF.
  79. ↑ Baha'i News (1970). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 475, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  80. ↑ Baha'i News (1971). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 478, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  81. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 497, Pg(s) 17. View as PDF.
  82. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 496, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  83. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 497, Pg(s) 23. View as PDF.
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  85. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 501, Pg(s) 38. View as PDF.
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  87. ↑ Baha'i News (1973). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 513, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
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  91. ↑ Baha'i News (1975). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 534, Pg(s) 18. View as PDF.
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  94. ↑ Baha'i News (1976). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 540, Pg(s) 24. View as PDF.
  95. ↑ Baha'i News (1976). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 543, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  96. ↑ Baha'i News (1976). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 542, Pg(s) 8. View as PDF.
  97. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/giachery_italian_scientist_bab
  98. ↑ Baha'i News (1968). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 453, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  99. ↑ Baha'i News (1974). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 514, Pg(s) 15. View as PDF.
  100. ↑ Baha'i News (1974). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 515, Pg(s) 20. View as PDF.


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