- Professor Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Chair Professor of Linguistics, PO BOX 6100, Linden Park, SA 5065, Australia
Www.Zuckermann.Org - +61423901808
- Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, History of Linguistics, Philology, Modern Languages, Religion, Music, and 160 moreAnthropology, Philosophy, Philosophy Of Language, Literacy, Logic, Indigenous Studies, Humanities, Jewish Studies, Teaching English as a Second Language, Language revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, Israeli Language, Yiddish Language, Turkish Linguistics, Contact Linguistics, Second Language Acquisition, First Language Acquisition, Lexicology, Historical Linguistics, Borrowing, English as the World's Language, Phonology, Historical Morphology, Language Acquisition, Jewish - Christian Relations, Semitic languages, Hebrew Language, Phonetics, Dialectology, Multilingualism, Multi- & Bilingualism & Biliteracy, Academic Freedom, Semantics, Japanese Language And Culture, Japanese Linguistics, Conflict (Languages and Linguistics), Sociolinguistics, Writing Systems & Decipherment, Intelligence, Etymology, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Indigenous Languages, Religion and Politics, Germanic linguistics, Italian (European History), Arabic, Immigration (Mathematics), English language, Yiddish, Hebrew Bible, Aramaic, Immigration Studies, Toponomastics, Critical Thinking, Academic Integrity, Ancient Indo-European Languages, Academic Writing, Language Testing, Language Planning and Policy, Language and Power, Language and Ideology, Australian Indigenous languages, Endangered Languages, Linguistic Relativity, German Language, Language Evolution, Australia, Lingua Franca, Applied Linguistics, Culture Studies, Jewish Linguistics, Afro-Asiatic Linguistics, Multisourced Neologization, Camouflaged Borrowing, Hybridization, Language Policy and Politics of Identity, Pidgins & Creoles, Cultural Identity, World Englishes, Corpus Linguistics & Language Pedagogy, Morphology, Onomastics, Cultural Memory, Asian Studies, Italian Studies, Assessment, Translation Studies, Migration, Code-Switching, History of Linguistic Thought, Comparative Linguistics, Linguistic and Musical Analysis, Anthorpological Linguistics, Evolutionary Linguistics, Linguistic development, Aboriginal Languages, Linguistics and Biblical Languages, Synchronic Linguistics (Or Descriptive Linguistics), Romance Linguistics, Linguistic Epistemology, Slavic Linguistics, Linguistic Theory, Anthropological Linguistics (Languages And Linguistics), English historical linguistics, Critical applied linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, Philosophy of Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Linguistics, Jewish Languages and Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Educational Linguistics, Southeast Asian Linguistics, Linguistics history, Documentary Linguistics, Linguistic landscapes, Internationalization of higher education, Internationalization of China's linguistics, Internationalization, Revival Linguistics, Language death and revival, Linguistics, psychology, Aboriginal education, Linguistic Human Rights, Anthropological Linguistics, Israeli Hebrew, Hebrew, Noam Chomsky, Revivalistics, Maori language, Barngarla Reclamation, Barngarla, Mobile Language Team, Native Tongue Title, Palindromes, DNA palindromes, Cross Fertlization, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Revivalomics, Molecular Genetics, Genomics, DNA, Revival linguistics and the new media, Gottlob Frege, Forensic Linguistics, Trademarks, Intellectual Property Law, Mnemonics, Aboriginal Studies, Indigenous Peoples, Jewish Thought, Languages, Teaching of Foreign Languages, Linguistic Diversity (Languages And Linguistics), Biblical Hebrew, Yiddish Linguistics, Italian (Languages And Linguistics), German, and Arabic Dialectologyedit
- Professor Ghil‘ad Zuckermann (DPhil Oxford; PhD Cambridge, titular; MA Tel Aviv, summa cum laude) is Chair of Linguis... moreProfessor Ghil‘ad Zuckermann (DPhil Oxford; PhD Cambridge, titular; MA Tel Aviv, summa cum laude) is Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages at the University of Adelaide, Australia. Prof. Zuckermann is the author of Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond (Oxford University Press, 2020), the seminal bestseller Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli – A Beautiful Language; Am Oved, 2008), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 多源造词研究 (A Study of Multisourced Neologization; East China Normal University Press, 2021), three chapters of the Israeli Tingo (Keren, 2011), Engaging – A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property (2015), the first online Dictionary of the Barngarla Aboriginal Language (2018), Barngarlidhi Manoo (Speaking Barngarla Together) (2019) and Mangiri Yarda (Healthy Country: Barngarla Wellbeing and Nature) (2021). He is the editor of Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics (2012), Jewish Language Contact (2014), a special issue of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, and the co-editor of Endangered Words, Signs of Revival (2014).
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/ghilad.zuckermann
http://www.zuckermann.org/profile.html
http://www.facebook.com/ProfessorZuckermann
http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann
Zuckermann is a Full Professor (פרופסור מן המניין, מופקד קתדרה, professore cattedratico ordinario).
After studying at the United World College (UWC) of the Adriatic (Collegio del Mondo Unito dell'Adriatico; Duino, Trieste, Italia, 1987-89) and serving in the Israel Defence Forces (1989-93), he was selected for the Adi Lautman Interdisciplinary Programme for Outstanding Students of Tel Aviv University, where he studied philosophy, psychology, classics, literature, law and mathematics, and specialized in linguistics (1993-7), receiving an M.A. (97%, summa cum laude) from the Department of Linguistics in 1997.
As Scatcherd European Scholar of the University of Oxford and Denise Skinner Graduate Scholar of St Hugh's College, Oxford (1997-2000), Zuckermann gained his D.Phil. (Oxon.) in 2000.
He has published books/articles in English, Israeli ('Ivrit'), Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Mandarin Chinese.
He has been an invited speaker on various TV programmes, e.g. in the United Kingdom: (e.g. BBC) and Israel (e.g. Channel 1, Channel 2, Channel 10, YES, YES DOCO, "London pinat Ben-Yehuda", whose name he invented).
He has also been an invited speaker on various radio programmes in the United Kingdom (e.g. BBC World Service), Israel (e.g. Galey Tzahal, Reshet Bet, Kol Yisrael), Australia (e.g. four ABC Lingua Franca programmes, an ABC Encounter programme with David Rutledge, a panel broadcast by ABC Radio National on 15 April 2010; and various SBS interviews in Israeli, Yiddish, Italian and English, 6PR Perth, 3ZZZ Melbourne), Spain (e.g. Radio Sefarad), Germany, South Africa and New Zealand.
פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן הוא פרופסור מן המניין, מופקד הקתדרה לבלשנות ושפות בסכנה באוניברסיטת אדלייד באוסטרליה, ובעל מענק יוקרתי מטעם מועצת המחקר של ממשלת אוסטרליה. הוא משמש גם כפרופסור מן המניין במעמד מיוחד באוניברסיטת שנחאי ללימודים בינלאומיים וכפרופסור אורח במכון ויצמן למדע ובמכון ללימודים מתקדמים באוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים.
ב-2006-2010 הוא היה פרופסור באוניברסיטת קווינסלנד באוסטרליה, כיהן כפרופסור גם באנגליה, בסינגפור, בישראל, בסלובקיה ובארה"ב, והיה בעל משרות-מחקר באוניברסיטת קיימברידג' (אנגליה), באוסטרליה, בסין, באיטליה, בישראל, בארה"ב וביפן.
בין פירסומיו הרבים באנגלית, בישראלית, באיטלקית, ביידיש, בספרדית, בגרמנית, ברוסית ובסינית,
כלולים הספרים
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan 2003)
ישראלית שפה יפה (עם עובד 2008).
מומחה להחייאת שפות, מגע בין לשונות, לקסיקולוגיה, ריבוי סיבות, היברידיות וגנטיקה של הישראלית (העברית החדשה).
למד בארגון הקולג'ים הבינלאומיים
(United World Colleges – UWC)
מכללת העולם המאוחד לחוף הים האדריאטי, דואינו, טריאסטה, איטליה.
诸葛漫 Zhugeman (a phono-semantic matching of ZUCKERMANN; a romantic (langman) ZhugeLiang)
牛津大学博士、剑桥大学博士
澳大利亚阿德莱德大学语言学教授
上海东方学者
211特聘教授
语言研究院
上海外国语大学edit
Research Interests: Languages, Art History, Indigenous Studies, Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Intellectual Property, and 35 moreLanguage revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, Art, Art Theory, Human Rights Law, Human Rights, Indigenous Languages, Contemporary Art, International Human Rights Law, Australia, Trademarks, Copyright, Indigenous Knowledge, Copyright (Law), Intellectual Property Law, Indigenous Peoples Rights, Traditional Crafts, South American indigenous languages, Intellectual and cultural history, Digital Copyright, Indigenous Peoples, Intellectual Property Rights, International Copyright Law, Minority Rights, Copyright and intellectual property, Copyright Law, Traditional Culture, Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights, Indigenous Language Revitalization, Soft Law, Attitudes to Copyright Law, Trademark Law, Intellectual Propoerty of Law, Certification Trademark, and Protection of Trademark
""JEWISH LANGUAGE CONTACT, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2013), Special Issue of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL) INTRODUCTION "Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development... more
""JEWISH LANGUAGE CONTACT, edited by Ghil'ad Zuckermann (2013), Special Issue of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL)
INTRODUCTION
"Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior."
(Weinreich, Labov and Herzog 1968: 188)
Jewish Language Contact constitutes an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, is also the author of one of the articles of this special issue.
The groundbreaking articles presented here focus on various aspects of contact involving Jewish languages. Jewish Language Contact explores the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages, Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages, the dynamics between Jewish languages, as well as between more than two languages at least one of which one may consider Jewish.
Furthermore, the collection touches upon how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. The articles also contribute towards forging a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ is. Some articles, e.g. Alexander Beider’s revolutionary piece ‘Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?’, challenge specific glottonyms, in this case the unity of Yiddish. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting 必也正名乎 Bi Ye Zheng Ming Hu ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.
The special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining inter alia to the study of Jewish linguistics. Research motifs include multiple causation, cross-fertilization, hybrid and mixed languages, Revivalistics (Revival Linguistics), endangered Jewish languages; sociolinguistics ; language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; language planning, lexical engineering, purism, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, semantics, phonetics and phonology.
Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Judeo-French, Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew.
The issue is dedicated with love to Gianluca Gadi Yuèyáng Zuckermann, an exquisite Jewrasian hybrid, born in Adelaide, Australia, on 20 May 2012.
The University of Adelaide
(Also: Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Shanghai International Studies University)
Correspondence address: [email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Articles
Article 1
Lessons from Judezmo about the Balkan Sprachbund and Contact Linguistics
Victor A. Friedman and Brian D. Joseph
Article 2
The Problem of Judeo-French: Between Language and Cultural Dynamics
Marc Kiwitt
Article 3
Let my People Know!: Towards a Revolution in the Teaching of the Hebrew Bible
Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Gitit Holzman
Article 4
Nathan Birnbaum and The Tasks of Eastern European Jews
Joshua A. Fishman
Yiddish Linguistics
Article 5
Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?
Alexander Beider
Article 6
Slavic Influence in Eastern Yiddish Syntax: The Case of vos Relative Clauses
Jürg Fleischer
Article 7
Veiling Knowledge: Hebrew Sources in the Yiddish Sermons of Ultra-Orthodox Women
Dalit Assouline
Article 8
Home language usage and the impact of Modern Hebrew on Israeli Hasidic Yiddish nouns and noun plurals
Netta Abugov and Dorit Ravid
Article 9
Bare Participle Forms in the Speech of Lithuanian Yiddish Heritage Speakers: Multiple Causation
Anna Verschik
Article 10
A pragmatic and idiomatic Yiddish substrate of Modern Hebrew: Insights from translations of Sholem Aleichem's Tevye
Tamar Sovran
Reviews
Review 1
Review of Freidenreich, Fradle Pomerantz 2010, Passionate Pioneers: The Story of Yiddish Secular Education in North America, 1910 - 1960. NJ: Holmes and Meir.
Itzik Gottesman
Review 2
Review of Bai, Gang 2009, Semitische Lehnwörter im Altgriechischen [Semitic Loanwords in Ancient Greek]. Hamburg: Dr Kovač.
Gábor Takács
--------------------
Call for Papers
'Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior.' (Weinreich, Labov & Herzog 1968: 188)
I am editing a refereed book entitled Jewish Language Contact, which will constitute an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, will also be the author of one of the articles proposed to the special Issue.
You are hereby invited to submit original, groundbreaking, scholarly and accessible papers on any aspect of contact involving Jewish languages. For example, you can explore the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages (e.g. Slavonic tongues on Yiddish; Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew), Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages (e.g. Yiddish on English; Israeli / Modern Hebrew on Palestinian Arabic). Further possible areas would include the dynamics between Jewish languages (e.g. Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish versus Israeli / Modern Hebrew), as well as between more than two languages at least one of which you consider Jewish (e.g. the combined phonological or lexical impact of Yiddish and Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew).
Furthermore, you can examine how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. Papers seeking to forge a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ actually is, or challenge specific glottonyms, are obviously most welcome too. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting that ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.
This refereed special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining to the study of Jewish linguistics. Possible research areas or keywords include reclamation, maintenance and empowerment of endangered Jewish languages; multiple causation, hybrid and mixed languages, Congruence Principle, linguistic revival and survival; sociolinguistics, language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, English as the world's language; Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; Zionism and the Middle East, language planning, lexical engineering, purism, language academies, Academy of the Hebrew Language, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, lexicography, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, scholarly versus popular etymology (etymythology), the power of the word in Islam, Christianity and Judaism, Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, semantics, phonetics, phonology, pidgins and creoles, slang, colloquial speech, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Uriel Weinreich, Noam Chomsky [tshomski], William (Zev) Chomsky [khomski], the native speaker, relexification, phono-semantic matching, calquing, loan translation, portmanteau blending, linguistic camouflage, writing systems, phonetic transcription, language and reality, language and terrorism, Jewish humour, and ludic language.
Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew, Jewish Aramaic, Jewish English, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Persian, Juhuru, Judeo-Portuguese, Judeo-Greek, Jewish Malayalam, Jewish Russian, Judeo-Provençal and Esperanto.
Style and reference format can follow Zuckermann (2009), accessible at: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf
DEADLINES:
ABSTRACT: 1 October 2010 - Please email [email protected] a message whose Subject is IJSL Abstract and which includes a 1 to 3 page scholarly and accessible abstract as a WORD document entitled IJSL_Abstract_YOURSURNAME.doc.
FULL PAPER (if abstract accepted): 1 April 2011 - Please email [email protected] a message whose Subject is IJSL Paper and which includes an anonymized WORD document, written in perfect English and entitled IJSL_Paper_YOURSURNAME.doc. Please include a two-paragraph abstract on the first page of the paper. Specific style guidelines are spelled out on the Mouton website: http://www.degruyter.de/files/down/mouton_journal_stylesheet.pdf
Yours respectfully,
Ghil'ad"""
INTRODUCTION
"Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior."
(Weinreich, Labov and Herzog 1968: 188)
Jewish Language Contact constitutes an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, is also the author of one of the articles of this special issue.
The groundbreaking articles presented here focus on various aspects of contact involving Jewish languages. Jewish Language Contact explores the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages, Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages, the dynamics between Jewish languages, as well as between more than two languages at least one of which one may consider Jewish.
Furthermore, the collection touches upon how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. The articles also contribute towards forging a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ is. Some articles, e.g. Alexander Beider’s revolutionary piece ‘Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?’, challenge specific glottonyms, in this case the unity of Yiddish. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting 必也正名乎 Bi Ye Zheng Ming Hu ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.
The special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining inter alia to the study of Jewish linguistics. Research motifs include multiple causation, cross-fertilization, hybrid and mixed languages, Revivalistics (Revival Linguistics), endangered Jewish languages; sociolinguistics ; language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; language planning, lexical engineering, purism, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, semantics, phonetics and phonology.
Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Judeo-French, Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew.
The issue is dedicated with love to Gianluca Gadi Yuèyáng Zuckermann, an exquisite Jewrasian hybrid, born in Adelaide, Australia, on 20 May 2012.
The University of Adelaide
(Also: Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Shanghai International Studies University)
Correspondence address: [email protected]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Articles
Article 1
Lessons from Judezmo about the Balkan Sprachbund and Contact Linguistics
Victor A. Friedman and Brian D. Joseph
Article 2
The Problem of Judeo-French: Between Language and Cultural Dynamics
Marc Kiwitt
Article 3
Let my People Know!: Towards a Revolution in the Teaching of the Hebrew Bible
Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Gitit Holzman
Article 4
Nathan Birnbaum and The Tasks of Eastern European Jews
Joshua A. Fishman
Yiddish Linguistics
Article 5
Unity of the German Component of Yiddish: Myth or Reality?
Alexander Beider
Article 6
Slavic Influence in Eastern Yiddish Syntax: The Case of vos Relative Clauses
Jürg Fleischer
Article 7
Veiling Knowledge: Hebrew Sources in the Yiddish Sermons of Ultra-Orthodox Women
Dalit Assouline
Article 8
Home language usage and the impact of Modern Hebrew on Israeli Hasidic Yiddish nouns and noun plurals
Netta Abugov and Dorit Ravid
Article 9
Bare Participle Forms in the Speech of Lithuanian Yiddish Heritage Speakers: Multiple Causation
Anna Verschik
Article 10
A pragmatic and idiomatic Yiddish substrate of Modern Hebrew: Insights from translations of Sholem Aleichem's Tevye
Tamar Sovran
Reviews
Review 1
Review of Freidenreich, Fradle Pomerantz 2010, Passionate Pioneers: The Story of Yiddish Secular Education in North America, 1910 - 1960. NJ: Holmes and Meir.
Itzik Gottesman
Review 2
Review of Bai, Gang 2009, Semitische Lehnwörter im Altgriechischen [Semitic Loanwords in Ancient Greek]. Hamburg: Dr Kovač.
Gábor Takács
--------------------
Call for Papers
'Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior.' (Weinreich, Labov & Herzog 1968: 188)
I am editing a refereed book entitled Jewish Language Contact, which will constitute an invited guest issue of the leading International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL, Mouton de Gruyter). IJSL General Editor, Professor Joshua A. Fishman, will also be the author of one of the articles proposed to the special Issue.
You are hereby invited to submit original, groundbreaking, scholarly and accessible papers on any aspect of contact involving Jewish languages. For example, you can explore the impact of non-Jewish languages on Jewish languages (e.g. Slavonic tongues on Yiddish; Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew), Jewish influence on non-Jewish languages (e.g. Yiddish on English; Israeli / Modern Hebrew on Palestinian Arabic). Further possible areas would include the dynamics between Jewish languages (e.g. Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish versus Israeli / Modern Hebrew), as well as between more than two languages at least one of which you consider Jewish (e.g. the combined phonological or lexical impact of Yiddish and Arabic on Israeli / Modern Hebrew).
Furthermore, you can examine how Jewish language contact in particular has contributed – or may contribute – to the field of contact linguistics in general. Papers seeking to forge a new path related to the question of what a ‘Jewish language’ actually is, or challenge specific glottonyms, are obviously most welcome too. After all, 2,500 years ago, Confucius was already suggesting that ‘the first thing one has to do is to rectify names’.
This refereed special IJSL issue is not restricted to any particular linguistic framework or discipline and is inter alia aimed at functioning as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses pertaining to the study of Jewish linguistics. Possible research areas or keywords include reclamation, maintenance and empowerment of endangered Jewish languages; multiple causation, hybrid and mixed languages, Congruence Principle, linguistic revival and survival; sociolinguistics, language, culture and identity; historical linguistics, contact linguistics, lexical expansion, grammatical and lexical borrowing, lexicology, English as the world's language; Israeli tongue, society, religion and nationalism; Zionism and the Middle East, language planning, lexical engineering, purism, language academies, Academy of the Hebrew Language, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, lexicography, bilingualism, multilingualism, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, scholarly versus popular etymology (etymythology), the power of the word in Islam, Christianity and Judaism, Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, semantics, phonetics, phonology, pidgins and creoles, slang, colloquial speech, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Uriel Weinreich, Noam Chomsky [tshomski], William (Zev) Chomsky [khomski], the native speaker, relexification, phono-semantic matching, calquing, loan translation, portmanteau blending, linguistic camouflage, writing systems, phonetic transcription, language and reality, language and terrorism, Jewish humour, and ludic language.
Explorable languages include but are not restricted to Yiddish, Ladino/Judezmo/Judeo-Spanish; Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval and Maskilic Hebrews, Israeli / Modern Hebrew, Jewish Aramaic, Jewish English, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Persian, Juhuru, Judeo-Portuguese, Judeo-Greek, Jewish Malayalam, Jewish Russian, Judeo-Provençal and Esperanto.
Style and reference format can follow Zuckermann (2009), accessible at: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf
DEADLINES:
ABSTRACT: 1 October 2010 - Please email [email protected] a message whose Subject is IJSL Abstract and which includes a 1 to 3 page scholarly and accessible abstract as a WORD document entitled IJSL_Abstract_YOURSURNAME.doc.
FULL PAPER (if abstract accepted): 1 April 2011 - Please email [email protected] a message whose Subject is IJSL Paper and which includes an anonymized WORD document, written in perfect English and entitled IJSL_Paper_YOURSURNAME.doc. Please include a two-paragraph abstract on the first page of the paper. Specific style guidelines are spelled out on the Mouton website: http://www.degruyter.de/files/down/mouton_journal_stylesheet.pdf
Yours respectfully,
Ghil'ad"""
Research Interests: Sociology, Cultural Studies, German Studies, Jewish Law, Yiddish Literature, and 67 moreGender Studies, Anthropology, Philosophy Of Language, Social Anthropology, Jewish Studies, Languages and Linguistics, Israeli Language, Contact Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Theology, Hebrew Language, Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Popular Culture, Mentoring, Germanic linguistics, Balkan Studies, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Yiddish, Hebrew Bible, Psycholinguistics, Race and Ethnicity, German Language, Biblical Studies, Jewish History, Culture, Applied Linguistics, French language, Comparative Linguistics, Language and Identity, Cognitive Linguistics, Old Germanic Languages, Linguistics, Israeli Hebrew, Jewish Languages and Linguistics, Ladino Language, Jewish Literature, Ethnicity, Judaism, Jewish Languages, Judeo-Arabic, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Biblical Hebrew (Languages And Linguistics), Intersectionality, Hebrew, Linguistic Typology, Lingüística, Yiddish Studies, Revival Linguistics, Classical Hebrew, Work Life Balance, Yiddish Culture and Language, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) language, Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Language and Literature, Jewishness, History of Jewish Languages, Faculty Diversity, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Macedonian language, Judeo-French, Professional Women, Judezmo (Ladino, Judeo Spanish), Women and Minority In STEM Fields, Pipeline Issues, and Career Progression In Science and Engineering
"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו TINGO Keywords: Lexicology, Language and Culture, Second Language Learning, Linguistic Relativity, Relativism, Universals, Everything is Relative, Etymythology, Folk Etymology, Fake... more
"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו
TINGO
Keywords: Lexicology, Language and Culture, Second Language Learning, Linguistic Relativity, Relativism, Universals, Everything is Relative, Etymythology, Folk Etymology, Fake Etymology, Popular Etymology, Yiddish, Hebrew, Israeli, Hungarian, Polish, Japanese, Balinese, Chile.
Author: Adam Jacot de Boinod
(Translator: Guy Sharett גיא שרת)
Author of Additional Three Chapers (on Yiddish, Israeli Slang and Etymythology (Popular Etymology)): Ghil'ad Zuckermann גלעד צוקרמן
Publisher: Keren Publishing House, Tel Aviv
טינגו
ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו
מאת
אדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ
(תרגום: גיא שרת)
בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמן
השפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא.
נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?
אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית.
"ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."
סטיבן פריי
אדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."
"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו Tingo (The Israeli Adapatation of Adam Jacot de Boinod's The Meaning of Tingo)Tel Aviv: Keren, 2011.Ghil'ad Zuckermann: Contributor of three chapters.Guy Sharett: Translator.PUBLISHEDטינגוועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו מאתאדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ(תרגום: גיא שרת)בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמןהשפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא. נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית."ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."סטיבן פרייאדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."
TINGO
Keywords: Lexicology, Language and Culture, Second Language Learning, Linguistic Relativity, Relativism, Universals, Everything is Relative, Etymythology, Folk Etymology, Fake Etymology, Popular Etymology, Yiddish, Hebrew, Israeli, Hungarian, Polish, Japanese, Balinese, Chile.
Author: Adam Jacot de Boinod
(Translator: Guy Sharett גיא שרת)
Author of Additional Three Chapers (on Yiddish, Israeli Slang and Etymythology (Popular Etymology)): Ghil'ad Zuckermann גלעד צוקרמן
Publisher: Keren Publishing House, Tel Aviv
טינגו
ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו
מאת
אדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ
(תרגום: גיא שרת)
בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמן
השפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא.
נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?
אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית.
"ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."
סטיבן פריי
אדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."
"טינגו ועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו Tingo (The Israeli Adapatation of Adam Jacot de Boinod's The Meaning of Tingo)Tel Aviv: Keren, 2011.Ghil'ad Zuckermann: Contributor of three chapters.Guy Sharett: Translator.PUBLISHEDטינגוועוד מילים מיוחדות במינן מרחבי העולם כולו מאתאדם ז'אקוֹ דה בּוּאָנוֹ(תרגום: גיא שרת)בתוספת שלושה פרקים למהדורה הישראלית מאת גלעד צוקרמןהשפה היא בבואה של תרבות, וטינגו הוא ספר מטורף ומצחיק שממחיש את הטענה הזאת באופן מופתי. הוא מתבסס על החוכמה הקולקטיבית של יותר מ-280 שפות, מסודר לפי נושאים ומאפשר להתרשם מתפיסות תרבותיות שונות לגבי מזון, גוף האדם, סקס, ובעצם מה לא. נָחוּר, למשל, היא מילה פרסית (רוב דוברי הפרסית ודאי אינם מכירים אותה) שמשמעותה נאקה שלא תיתן חלב עד שלא ידגדגו את נחיריה. אָרֵאוֹגָ'רֶקפּוּט, מילה בשפת אינוּאיט, פירושה להחליף נשים לכמה ימים בלבד. מילים רבות מתארות דברים שלא ייאמנו: מתי ולמה, למשל, יוגדר גבר כמָרילוֹפּוֹטֶס – לוגם-אפר ביוונית עתיקה? והאם באמת השתמש אי-פעם סמוראי יפני בפועל צוּג'י-גירי, שמשמעו לבדוק חרב חדשה על עובר-אורח?אפשר למצוא בספר לא רק מילים וביטויים שאין להם תרגום מדויק בשפות אחרות, אלא גם, במיוחד למהדורה העברית, מילים שנשמעות אותו הדבר בעברית ובשפות שונות, ומביעות דברים שונים לגמרי. וכמעט שכחנו: משמעות המילה טִינְגוֹ בשפת איי הפסחא היא לשאול מחבר חפצים בזה אחר זה, עד שלא נשאר לו שום דבר בבית."ספר ששום מדף ספרים ראוי לשמו לא יהיה שלם בלעדיו."סטיבן פרייאדם ז'אקו דה בואנו החל להתעניין בשפות זרות כשעבד כתחקירן בתכנית הטלוויזיה QI בבי-בי-סי. עד מהרה הוא הגיע לרמה של ווֹקָבּוּלְיוּ (רוסית: תשוקה למילים בשפה זרה). בזמן שנבר ב-280 מילונים, ב-140 אתרי אינטרנט ובספרים רבים העוסקים בשפות, הוא פיתח ללא ספק סָמְלֵרמָני (דנית: שגעון אספנות), נעשה כמעט לגמרי פיסֵליךְ (גרמנית: מבולבל עד כדי כך שאינו מסוגל לתפקד), וברגע האחרון ממש ניצל מקָרוֹשי (יפנית: מוות מעודף עבודה). כעת הוא מתכונן לנְגְלָיָפּ (אינדונזית: לנדוד הרחק מהבית ללא מטרה)."
Research Interests:
Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (forthcoming). Revivalistics: Language Reclamation, Cross Fertilization and Social Wellbeing. Oxford University Press.
הוצאת עם עובד 2008 972 ישראלית שפה יפה Israelit Safa Yafa Israeli, a Beautiful Language גלעד צוקרמן (Ghil‘ad Zuckermann) *** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 31.12.08 *** *** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 7.1.09 ***... more
הוצאת עם עובד 2008
972
ישראלית שפה יפה
Israelit Safa Yafa
Israeli, a Beautiful Language
גלעד צוקרמן
(Ghil‘ad Zuckermann)
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 31.12.08 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 7.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 14.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 21.1.09 ***
תקציר הספר
האם אתגר קרת וש"י עגנון כותבים באותה שפה? האם הלשון המדוברת בישראל היא אמנם העברית של כתבי הקודש מקדמת דנא, או שמדובר בשפה אחרת, עם דנ"א שונה? האם ניתן להחיות לשון מתה קלינית שלא דיברו בה כשפת אם כ-1750 שנה? או שמא החייאה תמיד תכלול הפרייה הדדית עם שפות האם של המחיים? תמיד אמרו לנו "עברית שפה יפה" ודרשו מאיתנו "עברי, דבר עברית!" אבל באיזו שפה הישראלים מדברים בעצם?
ישראלים נוטים לחשוב שהם דוברים את לשונו של ישעיהו הנביא (עם טעויות). הם מאמינים ששפתם היא עברית לתקופותיה (תנ"כית\משנאית...) שהוחייתה בסוף המאה ה-19 ובראשית המאה ה-20. כדי לשמור על ה"טוהר" שלה, הם נוטים לתקן "טעויות" ללא הרף: "אל תאמר 'עשר שקל', אמור 'עשרה שקלים'!", "אל תגידי 'יש לי את הספר', הגידי 'יש לי הספר'!" וכו'. ואולם השאלה היא מדוע הישראלים לכאורה "טועים" כל הזמן בשפתם שלהם?
בספרו החדשני מציג פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן תשובה מקורית ומפתיעה: השם המתאים לשפה שאנו מדברים היום אינו "עברית" אלא "ישראלית". ולא מדובר כאן כלל וכלל בשינוי סמנטי בלבד. טהרני השפה מנסים לכפות דקדוק עברי על שפה חדשה בעלת הגיון פנימי משל עצמה. "החייאת השפה העברית" רווייה מיתוסים שהם תולדה של אידאולוגיית "שלילת הגולה", התכחשות להיברידיות היהודית, ולאומיות התרה אחר עתיקוּת יומין. השפה שאנו מדברים היום אינה העברית השמית הישנה אלא שפת-כִּלְאיים שמית-אירופית בת 120 שנה. איזו מן שפה זאת הישראלית? הספר ישראלית שפה יפה מגולל את סיפורה.
הספר מנתח בפשטות ובאלגנטיות את יחסי הגומלין בין הישראלית, העברית, היידיש ושפות אחרות. שילוב ההשפעות השמיות והאירופאיות ניכר כבר בדקדוק ובאוצר המילים של התורמות העיקריות לשפה הישראלית. בעוד היידיש עוצבה על-ידי העברית והארמית, לשונות הודו-אירופאיות (כמו יוונית) מילאו תפקיד חשוב בעברית. לאופייה של הישראלית כשפת-כִּלְאיים אירו-אסיאתית השלכות חשובות ביותר לגבי גבולות היכולת להחיות שפה, גנטיקה וטיפולוגיה בלשנית, סוציו-לינגוויסטיקה ובלשנות-מגע.
זהו ספר מלא הומור ואהבה לשפה ולדובריה, מסע מרתק בעקבות הלשון הישראלית. בעודו מעמיד למבחן את ההנחות המוכרות לנו, חושף הספר אמת אחרת, שבכוחה לשנות את האופן שבו אנחנו תופסים את השפה שלנו בפרט ואת התרבות הישראלית בכלל.
על מחבר הספר
פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן, D.Phil. (אוקספורד), Ph.D. (titular) (קיימברידג'), M.A. בהצטיינות יתרה (תל אביב), נולד בתל אביב ב-1971, היה יושב ראש סניף נוער לנוער (BBYO) באילת (1987-1986), למד במכללת העולם המאוחד באיטליה (1989-1987) (United World College of the Adriatic), שירת בצה"ל ב-1993-1989 ולמד בתוכנית הבין תחומית לתלמידים מצטיינים ע"ש עדי לאוטמן באוניברסיטת תל אביב (1997-1993). כיום הוא פרופסור חבר באוניברסיטת קווינסלנד, ברית' בין (הבת'רים) (בריסביין) ובעל מענק יוקרתי מטעם מועצת המחקר של ממשלת אוסטרליה. הוא היה פרופסור אורח באנגליה, בסינגפור, בסלובקיה, בארה"ב ובישראל ובעל משרות-מחקר בכירות בקיימברידג' (אנגליה), במלבורן (אוסטרליה), בבלאג'ו (איטליה), באוסטין (טקסס) ובטוקיו (יפן). בין פירסומיו הרבים – למשל באנגלית, בישראלית, באיטלקית, ביידיש, בספרדית, בגרמנית, ברוסית ובסינית – כלול הספר Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). הוא שולט ביותר מ-10 שפות. אתר האינטרנט של פרופ' צוקרמן הוא http://www.zuckermann.org/ .
קצרים
"משובב נפש" (ירון לונדון, לונדון את קירשנבאום, ערוץ 10)
"ספר חובה לכל ישראלי" (פרופ' שלמה זנד, השקת הספר בתולעת ספרים, תל אביב, 11.1.09)
"בבסיס דבריו של צוקרמן יש הרבה יותר משמץ של אמת... הספר הזה צריך להתקבל ולהביא לשינוי מסוים בגישות השמרניות המקובלות, החינוכית והמדעית...הספר כתוב בלשון פשוטה ובהירה, מכוונת לכלל המתעניינים בשפה...והוא רווי בהומור רב" (אהרן פורת, מקור ראשון, 9.1.09)
"גלעד צוקרמן כתב ספר שנון, מרתק ומשעשע...ההדגמה בספר החדשני הזה היא באמצעות הדקדוק" (מנחם פרי, Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)
"'ישראלית שפה יפה' מראה בצורה משכנעת באיזו מידה העברית הישראלית שונה מהעברית המקראית - ובדרך מספק אוצר של אנקדוטות לשעות ארוכות של שיחות סלון" (טל לינזן, TIME OUT תל אביב, 22.1.09)
"הבלשן גלעד צוקרמן טוען – ומדגים – מדוע אין הישראלים מדברים עברית...אלא שפה חדשה, שהוא מכנה 'ישראלית'...הסקירה המקיפה שלו את השינויים בשפה – בהגייה, בהטעמה, בסיומות, בהשאלות משפות זרות – היא לא פחות ממרתקת ו...כתובה באופן קריא להפתיע" (פאר פרידמן, מעריב/תרבות , 26.12.08)
"פרופ' צוקרמן הוא חוקר מבריק. עוד כשלמד בתוכנית למצטיינים באוניברסיטת תל אביב ידעתי שהוא יגיע רחוק" (פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, השקת הספר בספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, רעננה, 19.1.09)
"מאיר בצורה משכנעת (ומשעשעת למדי) את מקורותיה הרבגוניים של שפת הדיבור הנהוגה היום בארצנו" (ישראל ברטל, ידיעות אחרונות, 9.1.09)
"מעניין ואנרגטי... אני יכול לקבל את התזה של צוקרמן, ולעשות בה שימוש מעשי שיעזור לי להסתגל להבדלים המצפוניים בשפה שאני דובר. מבחינתי טוב שתהיה הבחנה בסיסית בין עברית לישראלית. אולי זה מה שיגשר על הפער האידאולוגי בין השפה שלי לשפה הממסדית" (ניסן שור, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)
"מרתק, מרענן, מרחיב דעת, משעשע, משועשע...ליברלי, רדיקלי" (פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)
"פרובוקטיבי" (חנוך מרמרי, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)
"ניכר כי פרופ' צוקרמן אוהב שפות ואוהב לשחק עם שפות" (פרופ' תמר כתריאל, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)
מצאו את ההבדלים
מבולבלים? גם אנחנו!
"הספר הזה קורא לדיון מעמיק." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"'עשר שקל' הוא קשקוש בתחת." (יוסי שריד, הארץ, 28.12.08)
"צוקרמן הוא איש מבריק וידען, והוא מעלה תופעות חשובות." (רוביק רוזנטל, הזירה הלשונית, NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)
VERSUS
"הפרופסור ארך השיער והקופצני הזה" "בא לכבדנו בביקור מולדת" (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
"מה שהדהים אותי בתגובות לספר הוא אפס המידע שאנשים נזקקים לו כדי לא להסכים אתו, ועוד בנחרצות." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"הגיע הזמן, באמת, שמלומדים ישובו אל מגדל השן שממנו באו." (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
"היידיש היא תשוקתו של הבלשן הצעיר והמבריק גלעד צוקרמן...המלאי הגדול של דוגמאות שהוא מביא, ממיין ונותן להם שמות...ראוי בהחלט להקשבה וללימוד" (יצחק לאור, הארץ, 9.1.09)
VERSUS
"משכנע, נחמד, מזיק", "ספר מעניין אך מרגיז" (חגי חיטרון, הארץ, 24.12.08)
השקות ספר
(1)
יום ה', 8 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
הספרייה העירונית, אילת
מנחה: עטרה ישראלי
בין המשתתפים: בנימינה בלום, מירלה הראל, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
(2)
יום א', 11 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
תולעת ספרים, ליד כיכר רבין, תל אביב
מנחה: ניר ברעם
בין המשתתפים: עמוס גיתאי, פרופ' שלמה זנד, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
(אילן גונן)
סופרנו: מעין גולדנפלד
בין הנוכחים: פרופ' דורון לנצט, ד"ר אורן הרמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג
(3)
יום ב', 19 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
הספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, בית יד לבנים, רח' אחוזה 147, רעננה
מנחה: ד"ר צביה ולדן
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג, ליאור לקס, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
דיג'רידו: אייל עמית
פסנתר: דני הלפרין
מארגנת: מרים פרינץ
(4)
יום ד', 21 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
קרון הספרים, רח' המגדל 2, טבעון
מנחה: ד"ר חגי רוגני
בין המשתתפים: רוביק רוזנטל, ד"ר רינה בן-שחר, ד"ר משה יצחקי, ד"ר חגי רוגני, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
שירה: תמי אשכנזי
(5)
יום ג', 27 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
בית הילל, האוניברסיטה העברית, הר הצופים, ירושלים
מנחה: אדיק קפצן
בין המשתתפים: דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים הפעילים: פרופ' אשר לאופר
(6)
יום ד', 28 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
סינמטק חיפה, שד' הנשיא 142, חיפה
מנחה: ד"ר רינה בן-שחר
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, פרופ' תמר כתריאל, ד"ר ארז כהן, דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
חלילים: אליהו גמליאל
מארגנים: ניסים בן-ג'ויה, סמי מיכאל, רחל יונה-מיכאל
(7)
יום א', 1 בפברואר 2009, 830 בערב
בית מיכל, רח' הגר"א 10, רחובות
ברכות: ראש עיריית רחובות
הרצאה מעמיקה של פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים: רם אורן, פרופ' תמר פלש, נועם אורדן
מארגנת: דפנה מנור
השקות ספר באוסטרליה
(8)
יום ה', 2 באפריל 2009, 6 בערב
בריסביין
American Book Store, 197 Elizabeth St (opposite Hilton), CBD
(9)
יום ב', 8 ביוני 2009, 430 אחה"ץ
סידני
אוניברסיטת ניו סאות' ויילס
מנחה: ניצה לואנסטין לווינשטיין לוונסטין
(10)
יום א', 12 ביולי 2009, 8 בערב
מלבורן
"דברים בעלמא"
Alma Club, 1 Wilks St, Caulfield North
מנחה: רות (רותי) גילמור
בין הדוברים: ד"ר אורי תדמור, ד"ר דביר אברמוביץ', ד"ר ברוריה ברגמן, חגי ארמן, יהודה קפלן, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
מארגנת: עינת בניטו, המרכז הישראלי
לקט עיתונות
http://www.zuckermann.org/israelit.html
ביידיש: http://yiddish.forward.com/node/1753
באנגלית: http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3333948,00.html
בישראלית
* פרופ' צוקרמן והתעויוט \ אילת נגב (שבעה ימים, ידיעות אחרונות, 12.12.08)
* מי גאון של אמא? \ מירב לוי דיאמנט (ערב ערב, 10.1.08)
http://www.ereverev.co.il/article.asp?id=5445
* ישראלית שפה יפה \ גלעד צוקרמן (הו!, NRG מעריב)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/5/ART/945/896.html
* עברית בשתי שקל \ עמרי הרצוג (הארץ, 30.9.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1024807.html
* הישראלית של גלעד צוקרמן \ רוביק רוזנטל (NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)
* אף אחד לא מדבר עברית (מאמר תגובה למאמר הביקורת של רוביק רוזנטל) \ גלעד צוקרמן (NRG מעריב, 25.12.08)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/47/ART1/830/671.html
* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | שמע ישראל או שמע ישראלית \ נועם אורדן (הארץ , 24.12.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1049299.html
* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | משכנע, נחמד, מזיק \ חגי חיטרון (הארץ , 24.12.08)
* בני ציפר נגד הוולקנו - פרובוקציה מיותרת \ בני ציפר (Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
* קוף לקוף יביע אומר \ יוסי שריד Politician Yossi Sarid (הארץ 28.12.08)
* אחד משלנו \ מלי פישמן (העיר, 8.1.09)
http://eilati.co.il/article_3381.asp
* היידיש היא תשוקתו; בחרו להם כתב אשורי ולשון עברי \ יצחק לאור (הארץ, 9.1.09)
* הישראלית מזמן כבר פה \ מנחם פרי (Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)
*ישראלי, דבר ישראלית! \ גלעד צוקרמן (הארץ ספרים, 28.4.09)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1081451.html
* ידיעות אחרונות 7.1.10 http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4984092&id=883185494&fbid=103027800494#/photo.php?pid=11833767&id=883185494
BOOK SUMMARY
Fascinating and multifaceted, Israeli (Zuckermann 1999, a.k.a. ‘Modern Hebrew’), the language which emerged in Eretz Israel at the end of the nineteenth century, possesse...
972
ישראלית שפה יפה
Israelit Safa Yafa
Israeli, a Beautiful Language
גלעד צוקרמן
(Ghil‘ad Zuckermann)
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 31.12.08 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 7.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 14.1.09 ***
*** מופיע ברשימת רבי המכר של הארץ, 21.1.09 ***
תקציר הספר
האם אתגר קרת וש"י עגנון כותבים באותה שפה? האם הלשון המדוברת בישראל היא אמנם העברית של כתבי הקודש מקדמת דנא, או שמדובר בשפה אחרת, עם דנ"א שונה? האם ניתן להחיות לשון מתה קלינית שלא דיברו בה כשפת אם כ-1750 שנה? או שמא החייאה תמיד תכלול הפרייה הדדית עם שפות האם של המחיים? תמיד אמרו לנו "עברית שפה יפה" ודרשו מאיתנו "עברי, דבר עברית!" אבל באיזו שפה הישראלים מדברים בעצם?
ישראלים נוטים לחשוב שהם דוברים את לשונו של ישעיהו הנביא (עם טעויות). הם מאמינים ששפתם היא עברית לתקופותיה (תנ"כית\משנאית...) שהוחייתה בסוף המאה ה-19 ובראשית המאה ה-20. כדי לשמור על ה"טוהר" שלה, הם נוטים לתקן "טעויות" ללא הרף: "אל תאמר 'עשר שקל', אמור 'עשרה שקלים'!", "אל תגידי 'יש לי את הספר', הגידי 'יש לי הספר'!" וכו'. ואולם השאלה היא מדוע הישראלים לכאורה "טועים" כל הזמן בשפתם שלהם?
בספרו החדשני מציג פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן תשובה מקורית ומפתיעה: השם המתאים לשפה שאנו מדברים היום אינו "עברית" אלא "ישראלית". ולא מדובר כאן כלל וכלל בשינוי סמנטי בלבד. טהרני השפה מנסים לכפות דקדוק עברי על שפה חדשה בעלת הגיון פנימי משל עצמה. "החייאת השפה העברית" רווייה מיתוסים שהם תולדה של אידאולוגיית "שלילת הגולה", התכחשות להיברידיות היהודית, ולאומיות התרה אחר עתיקוּת יומין. השפה שאנו מדברים היום אינה העברית השמית הישנה אלא שפת-כִּלְאיים שמית-אירופית בת 120 שנה. איזו מן שפה זאת הישראלית? הספר ישראלית שפה יפה מגולל את סיפורה.
הספר מנתח בפשטות ובאלגנטיות את יחסי הגומלין בין הישראלית, העברית, היידיש ושפות אחרות. שילוב ההשפעות השמיות והאירופאיות ניכר כבר בדקדוק ובאוצר המילים של התורמות העיקריות לשפה הישראלית. בעוד היידיש עוצבה על-ידי העברית והארמית, לשונות הודו-אירופאיות (כמו יוונית) מילאו תפקיד חשוב בעברית. לאופייה של הישראלית כשפת-כִּלְאיים אירו-אסיאתית השלכות חשובות ביותר לגבי גבולות היכולת להחיות שפה, גנטיקה וטיפולוגיה בלשנית, סוציו-לינגוויסטיקה ובלשנות-מגע.
זהו ספר מלא הומור ואהבה לשפה ולדובריה, מסע מרתק בעקבות הלשון הישראלית. בעודו מעמיד למבחן את ההנחות המוכרות לנו, חושף הספר אמת אחרת, שבכוחה לשנות את האופן שבו אנחנו תופסים את השפה שלנו בפרט ואת התרבות הישראלית בכלל.
על מחבר הספר
פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן, D.Phil. (אוקספורד), Ph.D. (titular) (קיימברידג'), M.A. בהצטיינות יתרה (תל אביב), נולד בתל אביב ב-1971, היה יושב ראש סניף נוער לנוער (BBYO) באילת (1987-1986), למד במכללת העולם המאוחד באיטליה (1989-1987) (United World College of the Adriatic), שירת בצה"ל ב-1993-1989 ולמד בתוכנית הבין תחומית לתלמידים מצטיינים ע"ש עדי לאוטמן באוניברסיטת תל אביב (1997-1993). כיום הוא פרופסור חבר באוניברסיטת קווינסלנד, ברית' בין (הבת'רים) (בריסביין) ובעל מענק יוקרתי מטעם מועצת המחקר של ממשלת אוסטרליה. הוא היה פרופסור אורח באנגליה, בסינגפור, בסלובקיה, בארה"ב ובישראל ובעל משרות-מחקר בכירות בקיימברידג' (אנגליה), במלבורן (אוסטרליה), בבלאג'ו (איטליה), באוסטין (טקסס) ובטוקיו (יפן). בין פירסומיו הרבים – למשל באנגלית, בישראלית, באיטלקית, ביידיש, בספרדית, בגרמנית, ברוסית ובסינית – כלול הספר Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). הוא שולט ביותר מ-10 שפות. אתר האינטרנט של פרופ' צוקרמן הוא http://www.zuckermann.org/ .
קצרים
"משובב נפש" (ירון לונדון, לונדון את קירשנבאום, ערוץ 10)
"ספר חובה לכל ישראלי" (פרופ' שלמה זנד, השקת הספר בתולעת ספרים, תל אביב, 11.1.09)
"בבסיס דבריו של צוקרמן יש הרבה יותר משמץ של אמת... הספר הזה צריך להתקבל ולהביא לשינוי מסוים בגישות השמרניות המקובלות, החינוכית והמדעית...הספר כתוב בלשון פשוטה ובהירה, מכוונת לכלל המתעניינים בשפה...והוא רווי בהומור רב" (אהרן פורת, מקור ראשון, 9.1.09)
"גלעד צוקרמן כתב ספר שנון, מרתק ומשעשע...ההדגמה בספר החדשני הזה היא באמצעות הדקדוק" (מנחם פרי, Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)
"'ישראלית שפה יפה' מראה בצורה משכנעת באיזו מידה העברית הישראלית שונה מהעברית המקראית - ובדרך מספק אוצר של אנקדוטות לשעות ארוכות של שיחות סלון" (טל לינזן, TIME OUT תל אביב, 22.1.09)
"הבלשן גלעד צוקרמן טוען – ומדגים – מדוע אין הישראלים מדברים עברית...אלא שפה חדשה, שהוא מכנה 'ישראלית'...הסקירה המקיפה שלו את השינויים בשפה – בהגייה, בהטעמה, בסיומות, בהשאלות משפות זרות – היא לא פחות ממרתקת ו...כתובה באופן קריא להפתיע" (פאר פרידמן, מעריב/תרבות , 26.12.08)
"פרופ' צוקרמן הוא חוקר מבריק. עוד כשלמד בתוכנית למצטיינים באוניברסיטת תל אביב ידעתי שהוא יגיע רחוק" (פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, השקת הספר בספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, רעננה, 19.1.09)
"מאיר בצורה משכנעת (ומשעשעת למדי) את מקורותיה הרבגוניים של שפת הדיבור הנהוגה היום בארצנו" (ישראל ברטל, ידיעות אחרונות, 9.1.09)
"מעניין ואנרגטי... אני יכול לקבל את התזה של צוקרמן, ולעשות בה שימוש מעשי שיעזור לי להסתגל להבדלים המצפוניים בשפה שאני דובר. מבחינתי טוב שתהיה הבחנה בסיסית בין עברית לישראלית. אולי זה מה שיגשר על הפער האידאולוגי בין השפה שלי לשפה הממסדית" (ניסן שור, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)
"מרתק, מרענן, מרחיב דעת, משעשע, משועשע...ליברלי, רדיקלי" (פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)
"פרובוקטיבי" (חנוך מרמרי, TIME OUT תל אביב, 29.1.09)
"ניכר כי פרופ' צוקרמן אוהב שפות ואוהב לשחק עם שפות" (פרופ' תמר כתריאל, השקת הספר בסינמטק, חיפה, 28.1.09)
מצאו את ההבדלים
מבולבלים? גם אנחנו!
"הספר הזה קורא לדיון מעמיק." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"'עשר שקל' הוא קשקוש בתחת." (יוסי שריד, הארץ, 28.12.08)
"צוקרמן הוא איש מבריק וידען, והוא מעלה תופעות חשובות." (רוביק רוזנטל, הזירה הלשונית, NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)
VERSUS
"הפרופסור ארך השיער והקופצני הזה" "בא לכבדנו בביקור מולדת" (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
"מה שהדהים אותי בתגובות לספר הוא אפס המידע שאנשים נזקקים לו כדי לא להסכים אתו, ועוד בנחרצות." (נועם אורדן, הארץ, 24.12.08)
VERSUS
"הגיע הזמן, באמת, שמלומדים ישובו אל מגדל השן שממנו באו." (בני ציפר, Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
"היידיש היא תשוקתו של הבלשן הצעיר והמבריק גלעד צוקרמן...המלאי הגדול של דוגמאות שהוא מביא, ממיין ונותן להם שמות...ראוי בהחלט להקשבה וללימוד" (יצחק לאור, הארץ, 9.1.09)
VERSUS
"משכנע, נחמד, מזיק", "ספר מעניין אך מרגיז" (חגי חיטרון, הארץ, 24.12.08)
השקות ספר
(1)
יום ה', 8 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
הספרייה העירונית, אילת
מנחה: עטרה ישראלי
בין המשתתפים: בנימינה בלום, מירלה הראל, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
(2)
יום א', 11 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
תולעת ספרים, ליד כיכר רבין, תל אביב
מנחה: ניר ברעם
בין המשתתפים: עמוס גיתאי, פרופ' שלמה זנד, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
(אילן גונן)
סופרנו: מעין גולדנפלד
בין הנוכחים: פרופ' דורון לנצט, ד"ר אורן הרמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג
(3)
יום ב', 19 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
הספריה העירונית ע"ש לזר, בית יד לבנים, רח' אחוזה 147, רעננה
מנחה: ד"ר צביה ולדן
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' מאיה פרוכטמן, ד"ר חנה הרציג, ליאור לקס, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
דיג'רידו: אייל עמית
פסנתר: דני הלפרין
מארגנת: מרים פרינץ
(4)
יום ד', 21 בינואר 2009, 8 בערב
קרון הספרים, רח' המגדל 2, טבעון
מנחה: ד"ר חגי רוגני
בין המשתתפים: רוביק רוזנטל, ד"ר רינה בן-שחר, ד"ר משה יצחקי, ד"ר חגי רוגני, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
שירה: תמי אשכנזי
(5)
יום ג', 27 בינואר 2009, 630 בערב
בית הילל, האוניברסיטה העברית, הר הצופים, ירושלים
מנחה: אדיק קפצן
בין המשתתפים: דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים הפעילים: פרופ' אשר לאופר
(6)
יום ד', 28 בינואר 2009, 7 בערב
סינמטק חיפה, שד' הנשיא 142, חיפה
מנחה: ד"ר רינה בן-שחר
בין המשתתפים: פרופ' פניה עוז-זלצברגר, פרופ' תמר כתריאל, ד"ר ארז כהן, דוד בן-נחום, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
חלילים: אליהו גמליאל
מארגנים: ניסים בן-ג'ויה, סמי מיכאל, רחל יונה-מיכאל
(7)
יום א', 1 בפברואר 2009, 830 בערב
בית מיכל, רח' הגר"א 10, רחובות
ברכות: ראש עיריית רחובות
הרצאה מעמיקה של פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
בין הנוכחים: רם אורן, פרופ' תמר פלש, נועם אורדן
מארגנת: דפנה מנור
השקות ספר באוסטרליה
(8)
יום ה', 2 באפריל 2009, 6 בערב
בריסביין
American Book Store, 197 Elizabeth St (opposite Hilton), CBD
(9)
יום ב', 8 ביוני 2009, 430 אחה"ץ
סידני
אוניברסיטת ניו סאות' ויילס
מנחה: ניצה לואנסטין לווינשטיין לוונסטין
(10)
יום א', 12 ביולי 2009, 8 בערב
מלבורן
"דברים בעלמא"
Alma Club, 1 Wilks St, Caulfield North
מנחה: רות (רותי) גילמור
בין הדוברים: ד"ר אורי תדמור, ד"ר דביר אברמוביץ', ד"ר ברוריה ברגמן, חגי ארמן, יהודה קפלן, פרופ' גלעד צוקרמן
מארגנת: עינת בניטו, המרכז הישראלי
לקט עיתונות
http://www.zuckermann.org/israelit.html
ביידיש: http://yiddish.forward.com/node/1753
באנגלית: http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3333948,00.html
בישראלית
* פרופ' צוקרמן והתעויוט \ אילת נגב (שבעה ימים, ידיעות אחרונות, 12.12.08)
* מי גאון של אמא? \ מירב לוי דיאמנט (ערב ערב, 10.1.08)
http://www.ereverev.co.il/article.asp?id=5445
* ישראלית שפה יפה \ גלעד צוקרמן (הו!, NRG מעריב)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/5/ART/945/896.html
* עברית בשתי שקל \ עמרי הרצוג (הארץ, 30.9.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1024807.html
* הישראלית של גלעד צוקרמן \ רוביק רוזנטל (NRG מעריב, 18.12.08)
* אף אחד לא מדבר עברית (מאמר תגובה למאמר הביקורת של רוביק רוזנטל) \ גלעד צוקרמן (NRG מעריב, 25.12.08)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/47/ART1/830/671.html
* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | שמע ישראל או שמע ישראלית \ נועם אורדן (הארץ , 24.12.08)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1049299.html
* ישראלית שפה יפה, גלעד צוקרמן | משכנע, נחמד, מזיק \ חגי חיטרון (הארץ , 24.12.08)
* בני ציפר נגד הוולקנו - פרובוקציה מיותרת \ בני ציפר (Online הארץ , 19.12.08)
* קוף לקוף יביע אומר \ יוסי שריד Politician Yossi Sarid (הארץ 28.12.08)
* אחד משלנו \ מלי פישמן (העיר, 8.1.09)
http://eilati.co.il/article_3381.asp
* היידיש היא תשוקתו; בחרו להם כתב אשורי ולשון עברי \ יצחק לאור (הארץ, 9.1.09)
* הישראלית מזמן כבר פה \ מנחם פרי (Ynet ידיעות אחרונות , 20.1.09)
*ישראלי, דבר ישראלית! \ גלעד צוקרמן (הארץ ספרים, 28.4.09)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1081451.html
* ידיעות אחרונות 7.1.10 http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=4984092&id=883185494&fbid=103027800494#/photo.php?pid=11833767&id=883185494
BOOK SUMMARY
Fascinating and multifaceted, Israeli (Zuckermann 1999, a.k.a. ‘Modern Hebrew’), the language which emerged in Eretz Israel at the end of the nineteenth century, possesse...
Research Interests: Philology, Hebrew Literature, Philosophy Of Language, Languages and Linguistics, Yiddish Language, and 49 moreContact Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Theology, Indo-european language reconstruction, Middle East Studies, Hebrew Language, Sociolinguistics, Israel Studies, Linguistic Anthropology, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Visual Culture, Yiddish, Hybridity, Hebrew Bible, Ancient Indo-European Languages, Israel/Palestine, Biblical Studies, Lebanon, Applied Linguistics, Hegel, Afro-Asiatic Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Syria, Linguistics, Ancient Hebrew, Israeli Hebrew, Middle East Politics, Israeli Culture, Medieval Hebrew Literature, Israeli Literature, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Indo-European Linguistics, Biblical Hebrew (Languages And Linguistics), Zionism, Israel, Hebrew, Israel and Zionism, Yiddish Studies, Mishnah, Modern Hebrew Language, Israelite Culture, Thesis Antithesis Synthesis, Applied Lingustics, Jewish Culture, Cross-fertilization between literature and the arts, Ethnicity and National Identity, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Mutiple Causation, and Mutiple Causation
Israeli Hebrew is a spoken language, 'reinvented' over the course of the twentieth century. It has responded to the social demands of the newly emerging state, as well as to escalating globalization, with a vigorously developing lexicon,... more
Israeli Hebrew is a spoken language, 'reinvented' over the course of the twentieth century. It has responded to the social demands of the newly emerging state, as well as to escalating globalization, with a vigorously developing lexicon, enriched by multiple foreign language contacts. In this detailed and rigorous study, the author provides a principled classification of neologisms, their semantic fields and the roles of source languages, along with a sociolinguistic study of purists' and ordinary native speakers' attitudes towards lexical enrichment.
His analysis of the tension between linguistic creativity and the preservation of a distinct language identity takes the discussion beyond the case of Israeli, through innovative comparisons with Revolutionized Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Yiddish, Estonian, Swahili, pidgins and creoles, and other languages.
At the beginning of the third millennium, our world is characterized by worldwide communication and the vast distribution of technological and 'talknological' devices. The mobility of the word respects no borders and the extent of that mobility may not be paralleled even in future (less heterogeneous) generations. The study of the modes and dynamics of language contact could hardly be more timely.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. New Perspectives on Lexical Enrichment
2. The Case of Israeli: Multisourced Neologization (MSN) as an Ideal Technique for Lexical Enrichment
3. Addition of Sememe Versus Introduction of Lexeme
4. MSN in Various Terminological Areas
5. Sociolinguistic Analysis: Attitudes Towards MSN in 'Reinvented Languages'
6. The Source Languages
7. Statistical Analysis
8. Conclusions and Theoretical Implications
Appendix: Transcription, Transliteration and Translation
References
Index
Review Excerpts
'..fascinating and multifaceted... a paean to linguistic creativity. It is especially timely in the present
historical context of rapid globalization and linguistic inter-influence.'
- Professor James A. Matisoff, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley
'The volume is extremely impressive. Zuckermann demonstrates a mastery of European and Hebrew
lexicography... In addition to developing a rigorous analytical framework, he offers many detailed word
(and compound) histories and carves out a well-defined position on issues of much significance.'
- Jeffrey Heath, Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan
'...this is the first time that anyone has drawn attention to the extent to which 'phono-semantic matching'
applies in word formation...a most important contribution to the study of Israeli Hebrew word formation in
particular and of language change in general.'
- Shmuel Bolozky, Professor of Hebrew, University of Massachusetts
'This book will interest not only researchers and graduate students in the topic but also Hebraists. Moreover,
any layman who loves words will find it absorbing and entertaining... it is both scholarly and original [and] an
outstanding contribution to the science of etymology.'
- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, University of Oxford
'The book is an outstanding piece of scholarship which undoubtedly represents a milestone in the field of lexicology. Zuckermann's attention to details has made the work a mini-encyclopaedia, much in the tradition of Jewish scholarship. Generally, his etymologies are well thought out and set a standard for current and future research.'
- Joseph T. Farquharson, LinguistList http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-1399.html
Subject List
Language and culture; Languages in contact; Lexicology; Linguistics; Aavik; Afroasiatic languages; American English; Americanization; Anthropology; Anthropological linguistics; Arabic language; Aramaic; Arts; Asian languages; Ben-Yehuda;; Bible; Bilingualism; Bloomfield; Borrowing; Camouflage; Change; Chinese language; Comparative linguistics; Contact linguistics; Creativity; Creole dialects; Culture; Derrida; Dictionaries; Education; English as the global language; English language--Foreign countries; English language--Influence on foreign languages; Estonian; Etymology; Europe; Far East; Foreign Language - Dictionaries / Phrase Books; Foreign Language Study; French language--Influence on foreign languages; Gender; German language--Influence on foreign languages; Globalization; Grammar, Comparative and general--Word formation; Greek language--Influence on foreign languages; Hamito-Semitic languages; Hebrew; Hebrew language--Foreign words and phrases; Hebrew language--New words; Hebrew language--Revival; Hebrew language--Word formation;
Historical linguistics; History; Human behaviour; Humanities; Indo-European languages; Innovation; Israel; Jamaican Creole; Japanese language; Imitation; ; Jewish learning and scholarship; Jewish languages; Judaic studies; Judaism; Language; Language and languages--Etymology; Language and languages--Orthography and spelling; Language planning; Lexical enrichment; Lexicography; Lexicon/lexis; Linguistic change; Mandarin; Medieval Hebrew(s); Middle East; Mishnah; Literature; Modern Hebrew; Morphology; Multilingualism; Non-fiction; Old Testament; Orthography; Philology; Phonetics; Phonology; Pidgin languages; Polish language--Influence on foreign languages; Politics; Portuguese; Purism; Rabbinic Hebrew; Reference; Religion; Revitalization; Revival; Revolutions; Russian language--Influence on foreign languages; Saussure; Semantics; Semitic languages; Singlish (Singaporean English); Social Science; Society; Sociolinguistics; Sociology; Spanish; Survival; Swahili; Psychology; Psycholinguistics; Talmud; Turkish language; Vernacular; Vernacularization; Vocabulary; Yiddish language; Words; Writing; Written communication.
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INDEX
An Index of Israeli words analysed in this book can be found in Table 3 (pp. 224-30).
Aavik, Johannes, Aavikism, 115, 149-50
abbreviations, 23, 90, 172
Ablaut, 68
Academy of the Hebrew Language (AHL), 13, 24, 65-6, 68, 72, 84-5, 89, 101, 107, 109-10, 112-13, 118, 124, 128, 133-6, 149, 152-3, 155, 156f, 170, 185, 210, 219, 235, 246-9
acronym, 4f, 19f, 57-8, 76f, 80, 107f, 135, 141, 156, 181, 182, 186f, 206
active folk-etymology, see generative popular etymology
addition of sememe, 87-105
adjective-pattern, 71, 251, 260
adoptive PSM, 219
advertising, 77f, 133, 135, 145f, 178
attracting customers, 62, 183f
see also brand names
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef, 210
Akkadian, 15, 18, 67, 89, 91f, 97, 111, 113, 120, 141
American
-English, 10, 20f, 47, 61, 83, 124, 135, 136, 182, 188, 217-20, 222, 231, 235, 257, 261
-Italian, 13, 89, 138f, 252f
soldiers, 36, 141
-Yiddish, 42, 44
analogy, 108, 160, 181, 184f, 185f, 186f, 190
Anglicization, 28, 145, 147, 177f, 220, 260-2
animals, 15, 22, 25, 35, 38, 49, 84, 88, 123-6, 133, 223
anthroponyms, anthroponymic FEN, 27-9, 77, 83, 138, 142, 143-7, 175, 181, 230, 246, 256, see also names
antonomasia, 58, 132, 147, 183
Anttila, Raimo, 30, 34f, 35, 36, 141
Apollo, Apollonian tendency, 14-16, 24, 64
apophony, 67-72, 176, 259
Arabic, 11, 14-15, 20, 23, 29, 34, 50, 54, 66, 74, 78, 83, 89, 91, 93-5, 97, 100, 108f, 109, 139-41, 143, 157-60, 164-5, 177-80, 182, 207, 213-17, 222, 251
apophony, 70-2
transcription, 262
see also standard, vernacular
Aramaic, 13, 17, 20, 38, 49, 50, 62, 65, 67f, 78, 80f, 88, 92, 94-5, 97, 111-13, 120, 128-9, 132, 142, 170, 172, 178-9, 186-7, 203f, 215, 219
Argov, Zohar, 110
army, see military
article, 34, 103f
definite, 90
Artikel, 103f
Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation, 26, 31, 120, 121, 131, 262
Ashkenazim, 80, 110, 144, 178, 247
Asian languages, see Cantonese, Chinese, Japanese, Mandarin, Vietnamese
aspiration, 71, 263
assimilated borrowing, 8, 10, 28
assimilation (see also rendaku)
cultural, 115
phonetic, 68, 129, 212, 219
Assyrian, 89, 120
attitudes towards MSN, 148-86
authenticity, 171, 178
auto-opposite, see enantiosemy
Auty, Robert, 189
Aztec (Nahuatl), 25, 141
back-formation, 113, 114, 186
back-slangism, 130
Bahat, Shoshanna, 10, 86, 109, 149, 156f, 265f
Baldinger, Kurt, 35f
Bar-Asher, Moshe, 75, 150f
Bat-El, Outi, 69f
Beér, Haim, 140f
Belorussian, Belarusian, 96, 253
Ben-Avi, Itamar, 78, 84, 108, 116, 250
Ben-Gurion, David, 139, 144
Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 3, 11, 43, 65f, 74-6, 78, 84-5, 93, 103, 108-9, 115-16, 132, 143, 149, 168, 186, 205, 214-16, 247, 250, 256
Ben-Yehuda, Hemda, 43, 168
Bialik, Chaim Nachman, 66, 69, 84, 92, 93, 107f, 108, 115, 116, 131, 135, 149, 154, 170, 185, 203, 206, 208
Bible, see Old Testament
bilingual dictionaries, 133
bilingual homophonous creations, 30-3
bilingual speakers, 42, 82-3, 102, 166, 257
binyán, see verb-pattern
bi-radical root, 1f
birds, 35, 70f, 78, 105, 123-5, 215
blend, 6f, 8f, 54, 66-7, 88
Blau, Joshua, 71, 74
Bloomfield, Leonard, 9, 15, 42, 114f, 254-5, 260
Bokmål, 189
Bolinger, Dwight, 14
Bolozky, Shmuel, 251
borrowing, see calquing, camouflaged, Chinese, classification, cultural, double, false, foreignism, grammatical, graphic, guestword, intimate, loanword, source languages
Bortone, Pietro, 102f
brand names, 58, 59-60, 62, 67, 92f, 118, 177, 230
Branson, Richard, 110
British
-English, 83, 217-20, 222, 231, 261
Israelites, 82f
-Italian 252f
Mandate, 10, 140-1, 187, 217
politicians, 30, 79
soldiers/officers, 10, 140f
System of Russian transliteration, 265
tourists, 36
cabbala, 62f
calque phonétique, 4
calquing, 37-49
introducing a new compound, 44-5
introducing a new sememe (semantic loan), 40-3
introducing a new phrase, 45-7
introducing a new word, 43-4
vs rephonologization vs graphic borrowing, 47-9
camouflage linguistics, 250-2
camouflaged borrowing, 2, 7, 37-49
Cantonese, 7, 51, 57, 62, 106f, 118, 253, 263
Catalan, 100, 167f
cenemic script, 56-7, 253
Chinese, Modern Standard Chinese (MSC), 3, 4, 9, 19, 28, 32f, 37, 45, 48, 56-62, 69, 72, 118, 136-8, 140, 175, 246, 253-5, 259, 263-4
brand names, 59-60
general terms, 60-1
graphic borrowing, 48-9
FEN, 58-62
Chinese FEN vs Israeli FEN, 61-2
technological terms, 58-9
transcription, 263
Christianity, 75, 81, 98, 117
classifications
of borrowing, 6-49 (deficiencies, 6-7)
of MSN, 82-5, 224-30
clipping, 109, 155f, 183
Clyne, Michael, 6f
Cockney, 110, see also Mockney
Rhyming Slang, 29-30
colloquialism, colloquial speech, 20, 21, 48, 93, 204, 216, 223, 251, 258, 264
colloquial speech vs slang, 21
compound, 1f, 39, 40, 56, 66, 78, 83, 108, 109f, 114f, 126f, 130, 138f, 146, 164, 166, 168, 171, 174, 185-6, 223, 231, 235, 236, 242, 243, 252, 263
compound MSN, 114-19
in the Haskalah, 119-22
with Yiddish, 212-14
compromise, see semantic, structural
computers, 135-8
concealed borrowing, see camouflaged borrowing
congruence, Congruence Principle, 43, 46, 49-51, 53, 125, 147f, 166, 171, 188, 190, 208, 247
consonantal gemination, 129f
consonantal root, 67
consonantal script, 70, 174-8
constraints, 9, 33, 61, 116, 246, 259
construct state, 18, 97, 114, 116, 117, 125, 136, 142, 175, 252
contact linguistics, 255-6
convergence, 53-4, see also congruence
Coulmas, Florian, 56f
creational MSN, 105-10
allegedly in the Old Testament, 112-14
incestuous, 111-12
with Yiddish, 209-10
creation ex nihilo, 148-52
création populaire, 21, 23, 249
création savante, 21, 23, 65f, 249
creoles, see pidgins and creoles
Crystal, David, 14, 217, 260
cultural borrowing, 42
Czech, 189
dagesh, see geminate
Danish, 167f, 189
Dasgupta, Probal, 114f
definite article, see article
DeFrancis, John, 56, 57
deHebraization, 18, 178-84
derivational-only popular etymology (DOPE), 8, 14-24, 25f, 36, 40, 78f, 93, 102f, 103, 110, 121, 126, 129, 131, 134f, 154, 160, 164, 172f, 180, 220, 249, 258
difficulty of distinguishing between DOPE and MSN, 18-21
derivative, see secondary derivative
Deroy, Louis, 6, 11, 100, 102f, 121f, 160, 214f
Derrida, Jacques, 254-5
descriptivism, 163, 190f, 236, 261
diachronicity, 255
dialect, 89, 154, 157-8, 160, 162
Diaspora, 63, 141
dictionaries, 27, 39, 40, 65, 77, 83, 85-6, 108, 111, 115-16, 133, 138, 149, 150, 165, 178-9, 221, 235, 256, 258
diminutive, 26, 41, 47, 74, 77f, 119, 120f, 133, 135, 170, 186
disguising foreign influence, 72-4, see camouflaged borrowing
double borrowing, 49-51
Dutch, 18, 19, 25f, 35f, 98, 167f, 210, 220
Einstein, Arik, 33
ellipsis, 30, 34, 66, 101, 204, 250f
email, 79, 136
emphatic, see pharyngeal
emprunt-calembour, 4
enantiosemy, 11, 77
engineering
language, 24, 163
lexical, 117
English (as the world's language), 57-62, 217-20, see also American, British
Enlightenment, see Haskalah
Esperanto, 116
Estonian, 115, 148-50, 215, 253
euphemisms, 29-30, 126f, 139, 181f
Europeanism, 188
Even-Odem, Joseph, 112f, 126-7, 148, 151, 168, 170, 174f
ex nihilo creation, 148-52
ex postfacto rationalization, 14, 19, 110, 113, 258, see also derivational-only popular etymology
failed MSNs, explanations, 165-72
FEN inaccessible to the mass of native speakers, 169-71
FEN ridiculous or obscure, 168-9
FEN too close phonetically to the SL word, 166-7
internationalism being matched widespread in the TL, 167-8
referent alien by nature, 171-2
semantically shifted TL lexeme highly diffused in its original sememe, 168
fallacies, 14, 179f
false borrowing, faux emprunts, 11, 62, 102f, 106f, 250
false friends, faux amis, 102
films, 26, 32f, 37, 144f, 184f
Finnish, 36, 149, 150, 215
Fischler, Brakha, 125
flexibility, 61, 72
folk compositions, 30-1
folk-etymological nativization (FEN), 50
FEN not introduced by language authorities, 155-7
folk-etymology, 14, 15, 17, 23, 49-50, 83, 120, 133, 141, 163, 169, 257, see also derivational-only popular etymology, popular etymology
food, 131-5, 247-8
foreignism, 9-12
foreignness
desirable, 183
undesirable, 64, 252
Frege, Gottlob, 37
Frellesvig, Bjarke, 56f, 57
Fremdwort, see foreignism
French, 25, 34, 35f, 52, 89, 104, 109-10, 117f, 118, 122, 124, 132, 140f, 150, 158, 160, 162, 167f, 179f, 187, 188f, 203f, 214f, 217, 220, 222, 231, 251
gastronomic terms, see food
Gastwort, see guestword
Gelehrtenbildungen, 65
gematria, 62f, 131
geminate, gemination, 121, 129, 167, 169
gender, 103f, 175, 183, 191, 218, 219, 251-2
generative popular etymology (GPE), 14, 21-4
genetics, 63
German, 9, 10, 22, 27f, 28, 44, 54, 81f, 103-4, 114-16, 120, 123, 124f, 132, 150, 171, 179f, 184f, 185f, 187, 188f, 190, 203f, 212-13, 215, 220, 222, 246, 251, 257
Giv‘atron, 33
glottal, 261
gradation, see vowel
grammatical borrowing, 252
grammatical LC, 55-6
graphic borrowing/loan, 48-9, 254
Greek, 1-4, 14f, 15, 17, 38, 79, 95, 98, 119, 128, 149, 150, 178, 222
Modern, 15, 33, 178-9
guestword, 8, 9, 37, 61, 64, 246, 256
Gusmani, Roberto, 6f, 38
Hagège, Claude, 4, 11, 35
Hancock, Ian, 19
Hansell, Mark Donald, 14, 57-8, 253
harmony, see vowel
Harshav, Benjamin, 84
Haskalah, Enlightenment, 114, 119-22, 221, 242-3, 256, 262
Haugen, Einar, 6, 7, 15, 40
Hazan, Chaim Leib, 1-3, 84, 114
Heath, Jeffrey, 6f
Hebraisms, 47, 27f, 117f
Hebraization, 16, 17, 18, 24, 28, 139, 143-5, 147, 175, 177, 204
Hebrew Language Council (HLC), 24, 70, 85, 111, 119, 126, 132-3, 149, 153-4, 170, 185, 206, 215, 217, 248
Hebroid, 105-7, 130
Heyd, Uriel, 4, 120, 158-60, 162-3, 246
Hierosolyma caput mundi, 16-18, 99, 134f, 153-4, 164
Hindi, 164
historical linguistics, 255-6
Hobson-Jobson, 10f
Hock, Hans Henrich, 6f, 35
Holland, Dorothy, 247
homophonous poems, 31-2
Hungarian, 16, 26, 27, 144f
hybridization, 53, 66, 74, 82, 83, 133, 155, 156, 161, 162, 167, 178, 183f, 186, 190, 206, 213, 218f, 253, 257
hypercorrection, 176, 183-4, 215, 263
iconicity, 33, 62
ideograph, 56-7, 253
ideology, anti-Arabic, 157
illuminati, 114
immigrants, 12, 25, 94f, 102, 103, 127, 144, 182f, 190f, 203, 257
importation, 7, 39, 41, 91, 160, 207, 255
incestuous PSM
by semantic shifting, 94-5
creational, 111-12
implications, 102-3
Indo-European ur-source, 95-6
Nostratic ur-source, 101
Semitic ur-source, 96-101
statistics, 243-5
internal enrichment, see lexical enrichment, roots
International, internationalism, 187-202
Internet, 81, 136, 138
intimate borrowing, 41-2
intra-linguality, 51-3, 64-7, 146
intra-lingual DOPE, 18
introduction of lexeme, 105-22
Irmay, Shraga, 152, 154
Israel Defence Force, see army
Italian, 10, 12, 13, 15f, 22, 29, 31-2, 37-8, 52, 89, 102f, 103, 129, 130, 138f, 179-80, 183-4, 187, 189, 213f, 214, 222, 231, 252f
Ivrit, viii, 105
Jamaican Creole, 7, 51, 54
Japanese, 3, 37, 48-9, 56-8, 61, 69, 146, 147f, 169, 178, 246, 253, 254
transcription, 263-4
Jespersen, Otto, 114f
jocosity, 116, 119
Judaeo-Spanish, Judezmo, 178, 222
Judaization, 139, 144f, 149
kanji, 48, 49, 56, 146, 147, 253, 264
Katz, Dovid, 27f, 121, 262
Katz, Michael, 156
Kaufman, Terrence, 53, 166
Kazakh, 162, 253
Kennedy, Nigel, 110
Kerler, Dov-Ber, 131
Khan, Geoffrey, 262
Khovav, Moshe, 85, 155
Kihm, Alain, 53, 208
King, Robert, 9
Klausner, Joseph, 17, 75, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122f, 142, 148, 174f
Korean, 48, 56
Kronfeld, Chana, 252f
kun-yomi, 146, 264
Kutscher, Edward Yechezkel, 4, 67f, 74f, 77f, 84, 92, 95, 99, 113, 185f
lacunae, see lexical voids
language change, 255
language typology, 252-3
Latin, 26, 30f, 31, 33, 52, 65, 67, 79, 95, 96, 98, 99, 126, 128, 129f, 150, 172f, 177, 187, 189, 214f, 222
lay creations, 247-9, see also popular etymology
lay GPE versus puristic GPE, 23-4
Lazarson, M., 77, 85
Lehiste, Ilse, 11
Lehnwort, see loanword
Le Page, Robert Brock, 53-4
Lewis, Geoffrey, 82f, 141f, 116-17, 154f, 159-65
lexeme, introduction of, 105-22
lexical conflation (LC), 49-56
lexical engineering, see engineering
lexical enrichment, internal vs external, 148-52, see also ex nihilo
lexical voids, 4, 58, 64, 93, 123, 148, 155, 163, 188, 257
lexicography, lexicology, 257-8, see also dictionaries, lexicopoiesis
lexicopoiesis, lexicopoietic classification, 8, 87-122
lingua franca, 54, 63
literary compositions, 30-3
Lithuanian, 26, 96, 253
-Yiddish, 4, 121, 206, 211
loan-translation, see calquing
loanword, 12-13
Loewe, Raphael, 30f, 45f, 81f, 91f
logograph, 56, see also phono-logographic script
logology, 32f
loop, 99, 212-3
macaronic creation, 30
Mandarin, 7, 45, 51, 118, 253, 263, see also Chinese, Taiwan Mandarin
manipulation, 116, 117, 119, 133, 150, 152, 154, 166
Manor, Dori, 32f
marketing, see advertisement
Maskilic Hebrew, see Haskalah
maskilim, see Haskalah
Matisoff, James, 208f
Matthews, Peter, 260
Mazia, Aaron Meyer, 76, 135, 148
media, 85, 110
medicine, 126-8, 223
Medina, Avihu, 146f
memorization, see mnemonics
Mendele, Móykher-Sfórim, 84, 96, 116, 123, 173, 211
metaphor, 10, 16, 37, 98-9, 104-5, 155, 209, 250
metathesis, 19, 130, 145
metonymy, 98-9, 104, 106
Michaeli, Rivka, 85, 91, 155
Middle Ages, 30, 54, 71, 104, 126, 205
military, 30f, 89, 107f, 114f, 147f, 186f, 207, 223
American soldiers, 36, 141
British soldiers/officers, 10, 140f
Israel Defence Forces (IDF), 21, 205
Israeli soldiers, 90, 139, 144, 157
minority language, 252-3
mishkál, see noun-pattern, adjective-pattern
Mishnah, 17, 65, 76, 90, 95, 96, 112, 122f, 124, 126, 135, 173, 209
mizrahi, see Sephardim
mnemonics, 79-82, 173
mocking, 110, 122f
Mockney, 110
Mohar, Ali, 33
mondegreen, 248
mongrel word, 106
morphemic adaptation, 4f, 8, 10, 12, 13, 19, 24, 36, 37, 39, 40, 68, 71, 86, 93, 124, 130, 136, 252f, see also morpho-phonemic adaptation
morphemic script
Hebrew, 56
Chinese, 70
morphological hybrid, 51-3, 107
morphological reanalysis, see reanalysis
morphology, 2, 3, 52, 69f, 247, 250, 254, 256
morpho-phonemic adaptation, 61, 132, 150, 159, 161, 173, 190f, 216, 246, see also morphemic adaptation
Mühlhäusler, Peter, 19, 53, 55
multilingual compositions, 30-3
multisourced neologization (MSN)
advantages, 63-82
classification, 82-6
difficulty of distinguishing between MSN and DOPE, 18-21
music, 33, 75, 83, 88, 102f, 104, 110, 123, 128-30, 155, 167, 184f, 185f, 222, 223, 231, see also songs
mutuatio non grata, 64
Myers-Scotton, Carol, 6f
Nahuatl, 25, 141
names (see also first names)
brands, 58, 59-60, 62, 67, 92f, 118, 177, 230
people, anthroponyms, 77, 83, 138, 142, 176, 181, 230, 246, 256
first names, 27-9
surnames, 20, 28, 140f, 143-7, 161, 175, 177, 183, 249
places, toponyms, 28, 37, 62, 77, 83, 88, 122, 124, 126, 138-43, 145, 147f, 162, 176, 177, 186, 215, 230, 246, 256
rivers, potamonyms, 31, 77, 78, 139f
nationalism, 84
native lexical lacunae, see lexical voids
naturalization, 11, 12, 52, 69f, 179f, 183
Neogrammarians, 9
neologizers, 148-57
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 66f, 85, 181f
New York, 124
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 14f, 179f
nikúd, see vocalization
Nimtza-bi, Mordecai, 144
Nissan, Ephraim, 62f
nomen rectum, see construct state
nomen regens, see construct state
nominalization, 250
normativism, see prescriptivism
Norwegian, 11, 102, 188-9
Nostratic, 80f, 101, 102, 223, 243
noun-pattern, 2, 4, 12, 13, 24, 39, 43, 51, 70, 73, 106, 107, 109, 110, 116, 127, 130, 132, 152, 155f, 167, 186f, 210, 216, 249, 250, 251, 252, 260
Nynorsk, 188
obsolete lexemes, 165, 235, 258, see recycling
Occitan, 100
Old Testament, 65, 80, 103, 112-14, 126-7, 130, 139, 172, 174, 204, 222-3, 249, 264
one-to-one correlation between signifiers and referents, 88, 92-4, 102, 108, 151, 162, 176
onomastics, see names
onomatopoeia, 15, 68, 78, 125, 171f, 208, 256
on-yomi, 48, 264
Optimality Theory, 9f
Oriental
Jews, see Sephardim
Transcription, 260
Ornan, Uzzi, 165, 235, 258
orthoepy, 185, 190f
orthography, 20, 44, 72, 109f, 133f, 184f, (see also writing system)
orthographic FEN, 71, 78, 132, 154, 167, 169, 185, 217, 222, 253
Ottoman Turkish, 157-63
Palestinians, 181
palindrome, 130, 131, 212
Panini, 15f, 52
paretimologia, 14
partial PM, 28, 29-30, 138, 140
particle
grammatical, 55
interrogative, 263
passive folk-etymology, see derivational-only popular etymology
Patterson, David, 84
penultimate stress, 12f, 78, 101, 178, 179, 181, 182, 205, 207
Peres, Shimon, 181
Persian, 22, 67, 89, 90f, 134, 157-8, 164-5, 249
pharyngeal, pharyngealization, 70, 72f, 261-2
philology, 16, 255
phonetic adaptation, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 28, 45f, 56, 60, 102, 108, 110, 136, 138f, 147f, 159, 166, 187
phonetic calquing, 37-49
phonetic matching (PM), 8, 11, 24-34
PM vs PSM, 36-7
phonetics, 126, 247
phonological change, see sound change
phono-logographic script, 51, 52-62, 72, 136, 252-4
phonology, 9, 121, 247, 262
phono-semantic matching (PSM) , 34-7
PSM vs PM, 36-7
phrase MSN, 114-22
pictograph, 56, 253
pidgins and creoles, 51, 53-6, 105, 208, 246, 252-3
pilpul, 64
Pines, Rabbi Yechiel Michal, 3, 13, 75, 109, 115, 148
pleremic script, 56-7, 253
plosive, 2
plural
derogatory, 181-2, 210
double, 11
hypercorrect, 184
Swahili, 11
with foreign/autochthonous stress, 12, 19, 205
Yiddish, 181-2, 210
Podolsky, Baruch, 15f
poetic licence, 117-18
Polish, 16, 42, 43, 46, 83, 133f, 155, 156, 166, 177f, 187-91, 203, 205, 216, 222, 231, 235, 246, 251, 257
-Yiddish, 26, 206
political correctness, 62, 142, 218, 219
politics, 181f
polychronicity, 86, 97, 102, 255
popular etymology, 14, 247-9
Portuguese, 6, 34, 61, 100, 102, 167f, 213
potamonyms, see names
prefix, 56, 73, 74, 129f, 130
prescriptivism, 23-4, 33, 148, 163, 190f, 236, 247-9
prestiti camuffati, 38
primary contributor, 50, 53, 203, 247, 257
Proto-Indo-European, 1f, 3, 16, 80f, 101, 154, 170, 174, 223, 243
Proto-Semitic, 80f, 98, 101, 223, 243
Provençal, see Occitan
pseudo-Anglicism, 11, 102f, 106f, 250
pseudo-Aramaic, 62
psycho-ostensive expressions, 208f
pun, 21-3, 24, 64, 132, 145f, 218f, 249
purism, 23-4, 247-9, see also prescriptivism
quadriradical root, 186f
Quinn, Naomi, 247
quinqueradical root, 68
Raag, Raimo, 35f, 149, 150f
Rabbinic (Hebrew), 64, 65, 76, 79, 88, 94, 95, 101, 109, 148, 151, 261
Rabin, Chaim, 4, 64f, 65, 153
Rabin, Yitzhak, 181
radical
Hebrew/Israeli, 1f, 2, 37, 66, 67, 68, 70, 167, 186f
Turkish, 164
reabbreviational reanalysis, 23, 206
reanalysis, 11, 14, 17, 23, 39, 67, 73, 114f, 146, 164, 172, 183, 190
recycling obsolete lexemes, 74-9
redivision of lexical boundaries, 31, 146
reduplication, 12, 37, 66, 136f, 206-7
referent, 36-7, 92-4
referent-SPM, 36-7
reinvented language, 148-86
rejective concoction, 62, 117, 122f, 219
religious terms, 62, 75
rendaku, 146-7
rephonologization, 47-8, 146, 161f, 185, 189-90, 219
reverse metonymy, see metonymy
revival, revivalists, 1f, 24, 63, 64, 65, 66f, 83, 84, 115, 116, 148-52, 166, 188, 247, 249, 256
Revolutionized Turkish, see Turkish
Romaine, Suzanne, 258f
romanization, 177-8, 263
Romany, 210-12, 253
roots (see bi-radical, quadriradical, quinqueradical, secondary, tertiary, tri-radical)
internal sources of enrichment, 64-7
Rosén, Haiim, 212f
Russian, 26, 27, 32, 33, 38, 42, 43, 46, 21-2, 83, 84, 104, 122, 128, 150, 166, 174f, 187, 189, 190, 210-12, 215, 219, 222, 231, 235, 246, 251, 257
immigrants to Israel, 127, 182f
Jews, 29
transliteration, 265
Sachlehnwörter, 38
Saddan, Dov, 17, 35f, 42f, 43f, 74, 90, 96f, 123f, 124, 134f, 141f, 155, 168f, 169, 185f, 188, 203, 204, 208, 210
Safá Brurá, 85
Sanskrit, 15f, 59, 62
Sarfatti, Gad Ben-Ami, 77f, 125, 176, 188, 205, 211f
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 9f, 254-5, 258
Schwarzwald, Ora, 65
script, see writing system
secondary derivative, 3, 10, 38, 39, 40, 45, 76, 85, 91, 93f, 206, 218f, 246, 250, 257
secondary root, 51, 65-6, 73, 101, 107, 154, 250
secret argots, 26-7, 252-3
secularization, 75
semantic compromise, 116, 118-19
semantic loan, 6, 7, 39, 40-3, 85, 93f, 101, 103-5, 155
semantic shifting (PSM by), 6, 39, 50, 76f, 77, 82, 88-91, 92, 93f, 105, 113, 119, 137, 151, 156, 166, 168, 171, 186, 215, 218, 219, 222, 236, 250
incestuous, 94-103
that includes semantic loan, 103-5
with Yiddish, 203-5
semanticized loan, 4
semanticized phonetic matching (SPM), 36-7
semanticized transcription, 4
sememe, addition of, 87-105
Semitic languages, see Akkadian, Arabic, Aramaic, Assyrian, Proto-Semitic, Syriac
sense-SPM, 36-7, 45, 203
Sephardim, 109-10, 144, 147, 177f
serendipity, 64, 122f, 249
Shapira, Amnon, 84, 134, 189
signifier, 92-4
Singh, Rajendra, 52-3, 114f, 164f
Singlish, 52, 53, 102f, 106f
Sino-Japanese, see on-yomi
slang, slangism, 2, 20, 21-3, 29-30, 42, 68, 76f, 78f, 81, 90f, 106f, 107f, 114f, 130, 134f, 156, 175, 206-7, 212, 220, 247, 258, 264
vs colloquial speech, 21
smikhút, see construct state
snobbative, 184f, 190f
socio-historical circumstances making Israeli liable to MSN, 63-4
sociolinguistics, 148-86, 256-7
soldiers, see military
songs, 30-1, 33, 85, 91, 102f, 108, 109-10, 146f, 155, 248
sound laws, 9
source languages, 187-220
borrowings preserving SL sound, 7-37
Soviet Union, Sovietization, 38, 164, 166, 253, 257
Spanish, 10, 11, 15, 20, 25, 34, 38, 74, 77, 79, 97-100, 103, 111, 113, 124, 136f, 147, 167f, 178, 182, 184f, 185, 213, 214
see also Judaeo-Spanish
specificizing MSN, 87-8
spirantization, 2
Sprachbund, 188f
standard, standardization, 11, 260
Arabic, 15, 93f, 100f
Basque, 34
French, 25
German, 102f
Italian, 35, 102
Yiddish, 1
standard average European, 188f
Starosta, Stanley, 114f
statistics, 221-45
structural compromise, 116-18
substitution, 7, 41, 89, 145, 219, 255
substratum, 53, 55, 56, 217, 222
successful MSNs, explanations
FEN not phonetically close to SL lexical item, 173-4
MSN deHebraized and regarded as alien, 178-84
neologism spelled as FEN but pronounced as SL word, 174-8
perception en bloc of compound containing FEN, 185-6
statistics, 235-41
suffixes, 2, 11, 19, 35, 47, 52, 67, 71, 74, 86, 105, 106, 108, 111, 116, 119, 128, 130, 133, 150, 154, 158-63, 170, 181, 184, 187, 189, 190, 210, 212, 220, 224, 252
Sun Language Theory, 164-5
superstratum, 55, 56, 83, 217, 220, 222, 231
survival, 53, 149, 251
Swahili, 11, 52
swear words, see euphemisms
Swedish, 28, 150, 167f, 247
Sweetser, Eve, 247
symmetry, 212
synchronic intra-linguality of morphological hybrids and MSNs, 51-3, 106, 145, 161
synchronicity, 14, 24, 51-3, 187, 255
Syriac, 117, 134
Systemzwang, 181
Taiwan Mandarin, 4, 57, 138, 168f, 263
Talmud, 62, 73, 78, 88, 112, 117, 127, 142, 155, 156, 178, 183, 186, 219, 135f
Tamil, 140
tautological expression, 112, 138, 206
technology, 58-9
Teharlev, Yoram, 33
terminology, 58-61, 123-47
terrorists, 162, 181-2
tertiary root, 73
Thomason, Sarah (Sally), 53, 166
Tkhiya, see revival
Tok Pisin, 7, 51, 54-5, 208, 253
toponyms, see names
Torczyner, Naphtali Herz, 10, 11, 38, 67, 68, 84, 89, 97, 108, 134f, 155, 165, 171, 176, 215, 248-9, see also Tur-Sinai
Toury, Gideon, 4, 104, 107f, 108, 121, 130f, 218
transcription, 61, 177, 260-4
Arabic, 262
Chinese, 263
Hebrew, 261-2
Israeli, 260-1
Japanese, 263-4
Yiddish, 262
translation, 28, 32, 33, 37, 61, 90, 104, 114, 117, 139, 151, 175, 180, 203, 265
transliteration
Hebrew/Israeli, 264-5
Russian, 265
tri-radical root, 1f
tri-sourced neologism, 78f, 133, 134f
Turkish, Revolutionized Turkish, 153-4
FEN, 158-63
language revolution (1928-36), 157-8
Language Society, 157, 165
Sun Language Theory, 164-5
Turkish FEN vs Israeli FEN, 163-4
Tur-Sinai, Naphtali Herz, 17, 18, 63, 84, 155, 249, see also Torczyner
typology, 6, 252-3
Ukrainian, 31, 210-12, 253
Umlaut, 68
unassimilated borrowing, see guestword
unborrowability of morphemes, 51-3, 106, 145, 161
unspecific suffix, 116
Urschöpfung, 149
Ursprache
Hebrew, 16
Turkish, 164
use-intensification, 42f, 91, 130, 176, 186
váad halashón, see Hebrew Language Council
verbalization, 36-7, 39
verb-pattern, 1f, 18, 40, 68, 69, 73, 130, 209, 219, 250, 251, 260
vernacular
Arabic, 15, 70-1, 74, 93, 97, 140, 178-9, 213, 215-16, 262
Latin, 30f
Verschik, Anna, 150f
Vietnamese, 48, 263
vocalization, 32f, 41f, 131, 145, 175-6, 178, 182, 185, 216, 253, 261
Volksetymologie, 14f, see folk-etymology
vowel
assimilation, 68
gradation, 68
harmony, 212
marking, see vocalization
Wanderlehnwörter, 38
Weiner, Edmund, 248f
Weinreich, Max, 81, 131, 209, 247
Weinreich, Uriel, 6f, 10, 28f, 42f, 52, 68, 96, 102, 120-1, 126, 133f, 134f, 138f, 142, 147, 167, 185f, 191, 209, 210
Wexler, Paul, 30f, 63, 68, 69f, 74f, 147, 173, 188, 203f, 210, 212, 253
whole-for-part metonymy, see metonymy
word formation, 12
strategies, 52
writing system, 56-7, 70, 157, 174-8, 253-5
Yavin, Haim, 85
Yellin, David, 85, 116, 148f
Yiddish
and Polish, 205
and Ukrainian/Russian, 210-12
calquing/rephonologization, 47-8
compound PSM, 212-14
creational MSNs, 209-10
International, 187-90
Lithuanian-Yiddish, 4, 206, 211
MSN cum onomatopoeia, 208
Polish-Yiddish, 26, 206
PSMs by semantic shifting, 203-5
transcription, 262
verbal MSN involving reduplication, 206-7
Yudilovich, David, 85, 97
Zionism, 84, 144
zoology, 83, 88, 123-6, 223 see also animals
Zukofsky, Celia Thaew and Louis, 33
IN ISRAELI
צוקרמן, גלעד 2003. מגע בין שפות והעשרה לקסיקלית בעברית הישראלית. לונדון-ניו יורק: פלגרייב מקמילן.
תקציר
העברית הישראלית היא שפה מדוברת, ש"הומצאה מחדש" במהלך המאה העשרים. היא הגיבה לדרישות החברתיות של המדינה המתהווה, כמו גם לגלובליזציה המתגברת, באמצעות אוצר-מילים שהתפתח במהירות והועשר על ידי מגע עם שפות זרות רבות מספור. במחקר המפורט והקפדני שלפנינו מספק הכותב סיווג מושכל של התחדישים, השדות הסמנטיים שלהם ותפקידיהן של שפות-המקור, לצד מחקר סוציו-בלשני על גישותיהם של טהרנים ושל דוברים ילידיים רגילים כלפי העשרה לקסיקלית. הניתוח שהוא מציע למתח שבין יצירתיות לשונית לבין שימור של זהות לשונית מובחנת מרחיב את הדיון מעבר למקרה של העברית הישראלית, באמצעות השוואות חדשניות עם התורכית המחודשת, סינית מנדרינית, יפנית, ערבית, יידיש, שפות קראוליות ושפות נוספות.
בפתח האלף השלישי מתאפיין עולמנו בתקשורת חובקת עולם ובתפוצה רחבה של אמצעים טכנולוגיים. הנזילוּת וההשתנוּת של המילה אינן מכבדות שום גבולות, וייתכן שלשיעור ההשתנוּת לא תהיינה מקבילות אפילו בדורות עתידיים (ואחידים יותר). המחקר לגבי אופניו השונים של 'מגע בין לשונות' והדינמיקה שלו לא יכול היה להופיע בזמן מתאים יותר.
תוכן עניינים
תודות
קיצורים
הקדמה
נקודות-מבט חדשות לגבי העשרה לקסיקלית
המקרה של ה"ישראלית": חידוש רב-מקורי כטכניקה אידיאלית להעשרה לקסיקלית
תוספת סממה לעומת חידוש לקסמה
חידוש רב-מקורי בתחומי-מינוח שונים
ניתוח סוציו-בלשני: גישות כלפי חידוש רב-מקורי ב"שפות מומצאות מחדש"
שפות המקור
ניתוח סטטיסטי
מסקנות והשלכות תיאורטיות
נספח: רישום, תעתוק ותרגום
מקורות
מפתח
IN MANDARIN CHINESE
新书推荐：《语言接触与以色列希伯来语词汇扩充研究》 Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
（2003）Ghil'ad Zuckermann，诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man), 伦敦-纽约:
Palgrave Macmillan. Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
作者简介：Ghil'ad Zuckermann，诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man), 英国牛津大学语言学系获得博士学位，现任教于剑桥大学语言学系，丘吉尔学院Gulbenkian研究院士。曾用英语、以色列语、意大利语、意第绪语、西班牙语、德语和俄语撰写并发表论文，并应邀在新加坡、美国和以色列讲学，在意大利、日本和澳大利亚做兼职研究。
评论：
美国加州大学伯克利分校语言学系教授James A. Matisoff认为：
该书行文十分生动，从众多角度进行论证，是对语言再生现象的美妙阐释。特别是在当前全球化和语际交流飞速发展的历史潮流中，该书的出版相当的及时。
美国芝加哥大学语言学教授Jeffrey Heath认为：
该书留给人的印象十分深刻。诸葛谩对于欧洲和希伯来词汇编纂的论述具有相当的广度……而且，其阐述问题的框架生动活泼，为我们提供了大量词义（和复合词义）的具体发展历史，同时为这些词汇勾勒出了其在该领域的重要地位。
美国马萨诸塞州大学教授Shmuel Bolozky认为：
该书第一次将Phono-Semantic Matching (PSM, 音素语义相配) 模式应用于词语构建机制当中，不仅对于研究以色列希伯来语词汇构成体系做出了重大的贡献，而且对研究普遍意义上的语言变异现象也十分有益。
英国牛津大学圣安东尼学院教授Geoffrey Lewis认为：
该书不仅对于从事此课题研究的学者和研究生有用，对于希伯来语学者也十分有帮助。而且，任何一位喜欢词汇的外行都会对它感兴趣并可以从中有所收获。该书是语源学研究领域的一部重要的创新著作。
纲要：
以色列希伯来语是20世纪复活的一种口语语言系统。它的再生受到新出现的国家体制以及全球化倾向的影响，尤其表现在词汇的发展上，受到多种外语语源的影响而进行扩充。该书论述入微，行文活泼，例证丰富，作者对造词机制、语义指向以及源语言在其中扮演的角色进行了系统地归类与分析，并用社会语言学的方法对各语言讲母语者进行访谈。对于语言接触带来的各种变革，作者不仅对以色列语进行分析，还例举了大量土耳其语、现代汉语、日语、阿拉伯语、意第绪语以及克里奥尔语等进行对比分析。
在第三个千禧年开始之际，我们所生存的世界以全球化、世界性的交流、技术设施和言语表述设施的广泛使用以及语言的扩展主义为特征。词语不需要任何国界，而且其广度可能到将来一段时期（异类减少）也无法达到。因此，对于语言和政治接触带来的模式和动力等的研究没有比现在更适时的了。
内容：
致谢
简介
词汇扩充研究新视角
以色列语现状：多源造词成为词汇扩充最理想手段
义位扩充与词位引入
不同术语领域的多源造词
社会语言学分析：对“复活语言”多源造词机制的态度
源语言介绍
数据分析
结论和理论阐释
附录
参考书目
索引
IN ITALIAN
Contatto Linguistico ed Arricchimento Lessicale nell'Ebraico Israeliano
ZUCKERMANN, Ghil`ad 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. London-New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change, Series editor: Charles Jones). Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
POTETE ORDINARE QUESTO LIBRO PRESSO LA CASA EDITRICE
RECENSIONI
"...affascinante e ricco di aspetti... un'esaltazione alla creativita' linguistica... Si attiene in modo particolare al contesto storico odierno sia della globalizzazione e sia dei rapporti di reciproca influenza linguistica mondiale."
- Professor James A. Matisoff, Dipartimento di Linguistica, Universita' della California, Berkeley
"Il volume e' estremamente impressionante. Zuckermann dimostra una maestria sia in lessicografia europea che in quella ebraica. Sviluppando una struttura basata su un'analisi rigorosa, offre molte etimologie dettagliate di vocaboli (ed espressioni), come pure fornisce una posizione ben specifica su temi di alto valore."
- Jeffrey Heath, Professore di Linguistica, Universita' di Michigan
"E' la prima volta che qualcuno dedica la sua attenzione alla vastita' a cui il ruolo dell''abbinamento fono-semantico' e' applicato nella formazione del vocabolo... fornisce un importante contributo allo studio dell'evoluzione del vocabolo ebraico israeliano in particolare e del 'cambiamento linguistico' in generale."
- Shmuel Bolozky, Professore di Ebraico, Universita' di Massachusets
"Questo libro non interessera' solamente gli studiosi e gli studenti graduati della materia ma anche gli ebraisti e piu' che altro ogni giurisprudente amante dei termini lo trovera' ammaliante e divertente... esso costituisce scientificamente e con una certa dose di originalita' un contributo eccezionale per la scienza dell'etimologia."
- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, Universita' di Oxford
"Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew e' meraviglioso ed ammaliante. Non credo che esista un'universita' italiana che non lo inserisca negli scaffali della sua biblioteca perche' e' effettivamente un patrimonio culturale obbligatorio e - come gli altri lavori del Professor Zuckermann - e' molto approfondito, fondamentale originale e scritto in modo affascinante per tutti, e specialmente per i linguisti ed i filologi."
- Dott. S. De Filippi, Docente di Storia d'Arte
IN RUSSIAN
Языковой контакт и лексическое обогащение израильского иврита
ЦУКЕРМАН, Гил’ад, 2003 Языковые контакты и лексическое обогащение израильского иврита. Лондон, Нью-Йорк. Палгрэйв Макмиллан (Серия Палгрэйв по истории и изменениям языка, Редактор серии: Чарльз Джонс). Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
Заказать книгу у издателя по почте или через интернет
Аннотация
Израильский иврит - живой, разговорный язык, "воссозданый" в XX векe. На общественные запросы нового государства, а также на усиливающийся процесс глобализации иврит отвечает стремительным развитием своего словаря, обогащаемого в результате разнообразных контактов с иными языками. В подробном исследовании автор дает принципиальную классификацию неологизмов, их семантических полей, анализирует роли языков-источников и приводит социолингвистическую оценку тенденций обогащения языка, как у пуристов, так и у рядовых носителей.
Анализ противоречий между речевым творчеством и сохранением четкой языковой идентичности выводит исследование за рамки только «израильского языка». Автор производит новаторское сравнение его с революционизированным турецким, китайским мандарином, японским, арабским, идишем, эстонским, суахили, а также гибридными (пиджин) и креольским языками.
В начале третьего тысячелетия в мире развиваются всемирные коммуникации, широко распространяются высокие технологии, появляются новые способы общения. Миграция слов не знает границ, и, возможно даже, что у будущих, менее "разнородных" поколений лексическая мобильность не будет столь высока, как сегодня. Изучение способов и динамики языковых контактов является поэтому сегодня более чем своевременным.
Содержание
Посвящения
Сокращения
Введение
1. Новые перспективы лексического обогащения.
2. Явление израильского иврита: многоисточниковая неологизация (МИН) как идеальная техника языкового обогащения.
3. Присоединение языковых форм Семемы в противоположность внесениям лексем.
4. МИН в различных терминологических областях.
5. Социолингвистический анализ: отношение к МИН в "воссозданных языках".
6. Языки-источники.
7. Статистический анализ.
8. Заключение и теоретические выводы.
Приложение: Транскрипция, транслитерация и перевод.
Ссылки
Индекс
Рецензии
"...Захватывающий и многогранный... гимн лингвистическому творчеству. Он особенно своевремен в современном историческом контексте быстрой глобализации и взаимного языкового влияния ".
- Проф. Джeймс Матисофф. Отделение лингвистики, Калифорнийского университета в Бeркли.
"Книга крайне впечатляет. Цукерман демонстрирует замечательное искусство в области европейской и еврейской лексикографии... Вместе со строгой аналитической структурой он рассказывает историю происхождения многих конкретных слов и выражений и четко определяет позиции по вопросам, имеющим огромное значение".
- Джефри Хит, лингвист, профессор Мичиганского университета.
"...Впервые обращается внимание на сильную зависимость ‘фонетико-семантического соответствия’ со словообразованием... что является важнейшим вкладом в изучение словообразования, как в израильском иврите, и в исследовании общих языковых превращений".
- Шмуэль Болоцкий, профессор ивритской филологии Массачусетского университета.
"...Книга заинтересует не только исследователей и студентов, занимающихся этой темой, но и специалистов в области иврита. Более того, неспециалисты, любители словесности найдут ее занимательной и интересной... Эта книга, являясь одновременно научной и оригинальной, представляет собой выдающийся вклад в науку этимологии".
- Джефри Льюис, профессор Колледжа Св. Антония, Оксфордского университета.
Др. Гил’ад Цукерман PhD (Оксфорд) - Научный сотрудник Колледжа Черчилля Кембриджского университета. Преподает на Факультете востоковедения и состоит при Департаменте лингвистики Кембриджского университета. Опубликованы труды по-английски, на израильском иврите, по-итальянски, по-немецки, на идише, по-испански и по-русски; занимался преподавательской работой в Сингапуре, США и Израиле. Работал в научно-исследовательских учреждениях Италии, Японии и Австралии. Спискок публикаций можно найти здесь
AUTHOR'S NAME
Hebrew: גלעד צוקרמן, Chinese: 诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man (in Mandarin)), Japanese: 佐藤 幸長 (Sato Yukinaga), Yiddish: גלעד צוקערמאַן, Russian: Гилад Цукерман, Arabic: جلعاد تسوكرمن
MISSPELLINGS: Gilad Zuckerman, Dott. Ghilad Zukerman, Prof. Gil'ad Tsukerman, Professor Gilead Superman, Sir Galahad Tzukerman, Dr. G. Ghil-ad Sugarman, Mr Gillard Zimmermann, Mr. Gil`ad Gilhad Gil'had Zookerman, Dr Gill Gile'ad Tsookerman, Superman, Julia Gillard, Gideon Zimerman, Gideon Tsimerman, Gee Zukermann, Ghill Ghild Ghil'd Gilard Ghiyard Ghillard Gerard Zulkarnain, Jihad Zulkarman, Gillardo Giulio D.Phil. (Oxon.), Ph.D. (Cambridge), Gil-ad Giladiator, Noam Chomsky, Ghiladiator, Ghil'adiator Ph.D. (Cantab.), M.A. (summa cum laude) (Tel Aviv), 诸葛谩, 诸葛曼, Гил'ад Цукерманн, צוקערמאן, גיל-עד, גילעד,
His analysis of the tension between linguistic creativity and the preservation of a distinct language identity takes the discussion beyond the case of Israeli, through innovative comparisons with Revolutionized Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Yiddish, Estonian, Swahili, pidgins and creoles, and other languages.
At the beginning of the third millennium, our world is characterized by worldwide communication and the vast distribution of technological and 'talknological' devices. The mobility of the word respects no borders and the extent of that mobility may not be paralleled even in future (less heterogeneous) generations. The study of the modes and dynamics of language contact could hardly be more timely.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. New Perspectives on Lexical Enrichment
2. The Case of Israeli: Multisourced Neologization (MSN) as an Ideal Technique for Lexical Enrichment
3. Addition of Sememe Versus Introduction of Lexeme
4. MSN in Various Terminological Areas
5. Sociolinguistic Analysis: Attitudes Towards MSN in 'Reinvented Languages'
6. The Source Languages
7. Statistical Analysis
8. Conclusions and Theoretical Implications
Appendix: Transcription, Transliteration and Translation
References
Index
Review Excerpts
'..fascinating and multifaceted... a paean to linguistic creativity. It is especially timely in the present
historical context of rapid globalization and linguistic inter-influence.'
- Professor James A. Matisoff, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley
'The volume is extremely impressive. Zuckermann demonstrates a mastery of European and Hebrew
lexicography... In addition to developing a rigorous analytical framework, he offers many detailed word
(and compound) histories and carves out a well-defined position on issues of much significance.'
- Jeffrey Heath, Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan
'...this is the first time that anyone has drawn attention to the extent to which 'phono-semantic matching'
applies in word formation...a most important contribution to the study of Israeli Hebrew word formation in
particular and of language change in general.'
- Shmuel Bolozky, Professor of Hebrew, University of Massachusetts
'This book will interest not only researchers and graduate students in the topic but also Hebraists. Moreover,
any layman who loves words will find it absorbing and entertaining... it is both scholarly and original [and] an
outstanding contribution to the science of etymology.'
- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, University of Oxford
'The book is an outstanding piece of scholarship which undoubtedly represents a milestone in the field of lexicology. Zuckermann's attention to details has made the work a mini-encyclopaedia, much in the tradition of Jewish scholarship. Generally, his etymologies are well thought out and set a standard for current and future research.'
- Joseph T. Farquharson, LinguistList http://www.linguistlist.org/issues/16/16-1399.html
Subject List
Language and culture; Languages in contact; Lexicology; Linguistics; Aavik; Afroasiatic languages; American English; Americanization; Anthropology; Anthropological linguistics; Arabic language; Aramaic; Arts; Asian languages; Ben-Yehuda;; Bible; Bilingualism; Bloomfield; Borrowing; Camouflage; Change; Chinese language; Comparative linguistics; Contact linguistics; Creativity; Creole dialects; Culture; Derrida; Dictionaries; Education; English as the global language; English language--Foreign countries; English language--Influence on foreign languages; Estonian; Etymology; Europe; Far East; Foreign Language - Dictionaries / Phrase Books; Foreign Language Study; French language--Influence on foreign languages; Gender; German language--Influence on foreign languages; Globalization; Grammar, Comparative and general--Word formation; Greek language--Influence on foreign languages; Hamito-Semitic languages; Hebrew; Hebrew language--Foreign words and phrases; Hebrew language--New words; Hebrew language--Revival; Hebrew language--Word formation;
Historical linguistics; History; Human behaviour; Humanities; Indo-European languages; Innovation; Israel; Jamaican Creole; Japanese language; Imitation; ; Jewish learning and scholarship; Jewish languages; Judaic studies; Judaism; Language; Language and languages--Etymology; Language and languages--Orthography and spelling; Language planning; Lexical enrichment; Lexicography; Lexicon/lexis; Linguistic change; Mandarin; Medieval Hebrew(s); Middle East; Mishnah; Literature; Modern Hebrew; Morphology; Multilingualism; Non-fiction; Old Testament; Orthography; Philology; Phonetics; Phonology; Pidgin languages; Polish language--Influence on foreign languages; Politics; Portuguese; Purism; Rabbinic Hebrew; Reference; Religion; Revitalization; Revival; Revolutions; Russian language--Influence on foreign languages; Saussure; Semantics; Semitic languages; Singlish (Singaporean English); Social Science; Society; Sociolinguistics; Sociology; Spanish; Survival; Swahili; Psychology; Psycholinguistics; Talmud; Turkish language; Vernacular; Vernacularization; Vocabulary; Yiddish language; Words; Writing; Written communication.
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INDEX
An Index of Israeli words analysed in this book can be found in Table 3 (pp. 224-30).
Aavik, Johannes, Aavikism, 115, 149-50
abbreviations, 23, 90, 172
Ablaut, 68
Academy of the Hebrew Language (AHL), 13, 24, 65-6, 68, 72, 84-5, 89, 101, 107, 109-10, 112-13, 118, 124, 128, 133-6, 149, 152-3, 155, 156f, 170, 185, 210, 219, 235, 246-9
acronym, 4f, 19f, 57-8, 76f, 80, 107f, 135, 141, 156, 181, 182, 186f, 206
active folk-etymology, see generative popular etymology
addition of sememe, 87-105
adjective-pattern, 71, 251, 260
adoptive PSM, 219
advertising, 77f, 133, 135, 145f, 178
attracting customers, 62, 183f
see also brand names
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef, 210
Akkadian, 15, 18, 67, 89, 91f, 97, 111, 113, 120, 141
American
-English, 10, 20f, 47, 61, 83, 124, 135, 136, 182, 188, 217-20, 222, 231, 235, 257, 261
-Italian, 13, 89, 138f, 252f
soldiers, 36, 141
-Yiddish, 42, 44
analogy, 108, 160, 181, 184f, 185f, 186f, 190
Anglicization, 28, 145, 147, 177f, 220, 260-2
animals, 15, 22, 25, 35, 38, 49, 84, 88, 123-6, 133, 223
anthroponyms, anthroponymic FEN, 27-9, 77, 83, 138, 142, 143-7, 175, 181, 230, 246, 256, see also names
antonomasia, 58, 132, 147, 183
Anttila, Raimo, 30, 34f, 35, 36, 141
Apollo, Apollonian tendency, 14-16, 24, 64
apophony, 67-72, 176, 259
Arabic, 11, 14-15, 20, 23, 29, 34, 50, 54, 66, 74, 78, 83, 89, 91, 93-5, 97, 100, 108f, 109, 139-41, 143, 157-60, 164-5, 177-80, 182, 207, 213-17, 222, 251
apophony, 70-2
transcription, 262
see also standard, vernacular
Aramaic, 13, 17, 20, 38, 49, 50, 62, 65, 67f, 78, 80f, 88, 92, 94-5, 97, 111-13, 120, 128-9, 132, 142, 170, 172, 178-9, 186-7, 203f, 215, 219
Argov, Zohar, 110
army, see military
article, 34, 103f
definite, 90
Artikel, 103f
Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation, 26, 31, 120, 121, 131, 262
Ashkenazim, 80, 110, 144, 178, 247
Asian languages, see Cantonese, Chinese, Japanese, Mandarin, Vietnamese
aspiration, 71, 263
assimilated borrowing, 8, 10, 28
assimilation (see also rendaku)
cultural, 115
phonetic, 68, 129, 212, 219
Assyrian, 89, 120
attitudes towards MSN, 148-86
authenticity, 171, 178
auto-opposite, see enantiosemy
Auty, Robert, 189
Aztec (Nahuatl), 25, 141
back-formation, 113, 114, 186
back-slangism, 130
Bahat, Shoshanna, 10, 86, 109, 149, 156f, 265f
Baldinger, Kurt, 35f
Bar-Asher, Moshe, 75, 150f
Bat-El, Outi, 69f
Beér, Haim, 140f
Belorussian, Belarusian, 96, 253
Ben-Avi, Itamar, 78, 84, 108, 116, 250
Ben-Gurion, David, 139, 144
Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 3, 11, 43, 65f, 74-6, 78, 84-5, 93, 103, 108-9, 115-16, 132, 143, 149, 168, 186, 205, 214-16, 247, 250, 256
Ben-Yehuda, Hemda, 43, 168
Bialik, Chaim Nachman, 66, 69, 84, 92, 93, 107f, 108, 115, 116, 131, 135, 149, 154, 170, 185, 203, 206, 208
Bible, see Old Testament
bilingual dictionaries, 133
bilingual homophonous creations, 30-3
bilingual speakers, 42, 82-3, 102, 166, 257
binyán, see verb-pattern
bi-radical root, 1f
birds, 35, 70f, 78, 105, 123-5, 215
blend, 6f, 8f, 54, 66-7, 88
Blau, Joshua, 71, 74
Bloomfield, Leonard, 9, 15, 42, 114f, 254-5, 260
Bokmål, 189
Bolinger, Dwight, 14
Bolozky, Shmuel, 251
borrowing, see calquing, camouflaged, Chinese, classification, cultural, double, false, foreignism, grammatical, graphic, guestword, intimate, loanword, source languages
Bortone, Pietro, 102f
brand names, 58, 59-60, 62, 67, 92f, 118, 177, 230
Branson, Richard, 110
British
-English, 83, 217-20, 222, 231, 261
Israelites, 82f
-Italian 252f
Mandate, 10, 140-1, 187, 217
politicians, 30, 79
soldiers/officers, 10, 140f
System of Russian transliteration, 265
tourists, 36
cabbala, 62f
calque phonétique, 4
calquing, 37-49
introducing a new compound, 44-5
introducing a new sememe (semantic loan), 40-3
introducing a new phrase, 45-7
introducing a new word, 43-4
vs rephonologization vs graphic borrowing, 47-9
camouflage linguistics, 250-2
camouflaged borrowing, 2, 7, 37-49
Cantonese, 7, 51, 57, 62, 106f, 118, 253, 263
Catalan, 100, 167f
cenemic script, 56-7, 253
Chinese, Modern Standard Chinese (MSC), 3, 4, 9, 19, 28, 32f, 37, 45, 48, 56-62, 69, 72, 118, 136-8, 140, 175, 246, 253-5, 259, 263-4
brand names, 59-60
general terms, 60-1
graphic borrowing, 48-9
FEN, 58-62
Chinese FEN vs Israeli FEN, 61-2
technological terms, 58-9
transcription, 263
Christianity, 75, 81, 98, 117
classifications
of borrowing, 6-49 (deficiencies, 6-7)
of MSN, 82-5, 224-30
clipping, 109, 155f, 183
Clyne, Michael, 6f
Cockney, 110, see also Mockney
Rhyming Slang, 29-30
colloquialism, colloquial speech, 20, 21, 48, 93, 204, 216, 223, 251, 258, 264
colloquial speech vs slang, 21
compound, 1f, 39, 40, 56, 66, 78, 83, 108, 109f, 114f, 126f, 130, 138f, 146, 164, 166, 168, 171, 174, 185-6, 223, 231, 235, 236, 242, 243, 252, 263
compound MSN, 114-19
in the Haskalah, 119-22
with Yiddish, 212-14
compromise, see semantic, structural
computers, 135-8
concealed borrowing, see camouflaged borrowing
congruence, Congruence Principle, 43, 46, 49-51, 53, 125, 147f, 166, 171, 188, 190, 208, 247
consonantal gemination, 129f
consonantal root, 67
consonantal script, 70, 174-8
constraints, 9, 33, 61, 116, 246, 259
construct state, 18, 97, 114, 116, 117, 125, 136, 142, 175, 252
contact linguistics, 255-6
convergence, 53-4, see also congruence
Coulmas, Florian, 56f
creational MSN, 105-10
allegedly in the Old Testament, 112-14
incestuous, 111-12
with Yiddish, 209-10
creation ex nihilo, 148-52
création populaire, 21, 23, 249
création savante, 21, 23, 65f, 249
creoles, see pidgins and creoles
Crystal, David, 14, 217, 260
cultural borrowing, 42
Czech, 189
dagesh, see geminate
Danish, 167f, 189
Dasgupta, Probal, 114f
definite article, see article
DeFrancis, John, 56, 57
deHebraization, 18, 178-84
derivational-only popular etymology (DOPE), 8, 14-24, 25f, 36, 40, 78f, 93, 102f, 103, 110, 121, 126, 129, 131, 134f, 154, 160, 164, 172f, 180, 220, 249, 258
difficulty of distinguishing between DOPE and MSN, 18-21
derivative, see secondary derivative
Deroy, Louis, 6, 11, 100, 102f, 121f, 160, 214f
Derrida, Jacques, 254-5
descriptivism, 163, 190f, 236, 261
diachronicity, 255
dialect, 89, 154, 157-8, 160, 162
Diaspora, 63, 141
dictionaries, 27, 39, 40, 65, 77, 83, 85-6, 108, 111, 115-16, 133, 138, 149, 150, 165, 178-9, 221, 235, 256, 258
diminutive, 26, 41, 47, 74, 77f, 119, 120f, 133, 135, 170, 186
disguising foreign influence, 72-4, see camouflaged borrowing
double borrowing, 49-51
Dutch, 18, 19, 25f, 35f, 98, 167f, 210, 220
Einstein, Arik, 33
ellipsis, 30, 34, 66, 101, 204, 250f
email, 79, 136
emphatic, see pharyngeal
emprunt-calembour, 4
enantiosemy, 11, 77
engineering
language, 24, 163
lexical, 117
English (as the world's language), 57-62, 217-20, see also American, British
Enlightenment, see Haskalah
Esperanto, 116
Estonian, 115, 148-50, 215, 253
euphemisms, 29-30, 126f, 139, 181f
Europeanism, 188
Even-Odem, Joseph, 112f, 126-7, 148, 151, 168, 170, 174f
ex nihilo creation, 148-52
ex postfacto rationalization, 14, 19, 110, 113, 258, see also derivational-only popular etymology
failed MSNs, explanations, 165-72
FEN inaccessible to the mass of native speakers, 169-71
FEN ridiculous or obscure, 168-9
FEN too close phonetically to the SL word, 166-7
internationalism being matched widespread in the TL, 167-8
referent alien by nature, 171-2
semantically shifted TL lexeme highly diffused in its original sememe, 168
fallacies, 14, 179f
false borrowing, faux emprunts, 11, 62, 102f, 106f, 250
false friends, faux amis, 102
films, 26, 32f, 37, 144f, 184f
Finnish, 36, 149, 150, 215
Fischler, Brakha, 125
flexibility, 61, 72
folk compositions, 30-1
folk-etymological nativization (FEN), 50
FEN not introduced by language authorities, 155-7
folk-etymology, 14, 15, 17, 23, 49-50, 83, 120, 133, 141, 163, 169, 257, see also derivational-only popular etymology, popular etymology
food, 131-5, 247-8
foreignism, 9-12
foreignness
desirable, 183
undesirable, 64, 252
Frege, Gottlob, 37
Frellesvig, Bjarke, 56f, 57
Fremdwort, see foreignism
French, 25, 34, 35f, 52, 89, 104, 109-10, 117f, 118, 122, 124, 132, 140f, 150, 158, 160, 162, 167f, 179f, 187, 188f, 203f, 214f, 217, 220, 222, 231, 251
gastronomic terms, see food
Gastwort, see guestword
Gelehrtenbildungen, 65
gematria, 62f, 131
geminate, gemination, 121, 129, 167, 169
gender, 103f, 175, 183, 191, 218, 219, 251-2
generative popular etymology (GPE), 14, 21-4
genetics, 63
German, 9, 10, 22, 27f, 28, 44, 54, 81f, 103-4, 114-16, 120, 123, 124f, 132, 150, 171, 179f, 184f, 185f, 187, 188f, 190, 203f, 212-13, 215, 220, 222, 246, 251, 257
Giv‘atron, 33
glottal, 261
gradation, see vowel
grammatical borrowing, 252
grammatical LC, 55-6
graphic borrowing/loan, 48-9, 254
Greek, 1-4, 14f, 15, 17, 38, 79, 95, 98, 119, 128, 149, 150, 178, 222
Modern, 15, 33, 178-9
guestword, 8, 9, 37, 61, 64, 246, 256
Gusmani, Roberto, 6f, 38
Hagège, Claude, 4, 11, 35
Hancock, Ian, 19
Hansell, Mark Donald, 14, 57-8, 253
harmony, see vowel
Harshav, Benjamin, 84
Haskalah, Enlightenment, 114, 119-22, 221, 242-3, 256, 262
Haugen, Einar, 6, 7, 15, 40
Hazan, Chaim Leib, 1-3, 84, 114
Heath, Jeffrey, 6f
Hebraisms, 47, 27f, 117f
Hebraization, 16, 17, 18, 24, 28, 139, 143-5, 147, 175, 177, 204
Hebrew Language Council (HLC), 24, 70, 85, 111, 119, 126, 132-3, 149, 153-4, 170, 185, 206, 215, 217, 248
Hebroid, 105-7, 130
Heyd, Uriel, 4, 120, 158-60, 162-3, 246
Hierosolyma caput mundi, 16-18, 99, 134f, 153-4, 164
Hindi, 164
historical linguistics, 255-6
Hobson-Jobson, 10f
Hock, Hans Henrich, 6f, 35
Holland, Dorothy, 247
homophonous poems, 31-2
Hungarian, 16, 26, 27, 144f
hybridization, 53, 66, 74, 82, 83, 133, 155, 156, 161, 162, 167, 178, 183f, 186, 190, 206, 213, 218f, 253, 257
hypercorrection, 176, 183-4, 215, 263
iconicity, 33, 62
ideograph, 56-7, 253
ideology, anti-Arabic, 157
illuminati, 114
immigrants, 12, 25, 94f, 102, 103, 127, 144, 182f, 190f, 203, 257
importation, 7, 39, 41, 91, 160, 207, 255
incestuous PSM
by semantic shifting, 94-5
creational, 111-12
implications, 102-3
Indo-European ur-source, 95-6
Nostratic ur-source, 101
Semitic ur-source, 96-101
statistics, 243-5
internal enrichment, see lexical enrichment, roots
International, internationalism, 187-202
Internet, 81, 136, 138
intimate borrowing, 41-2
intra-linguality, 51-3, 64-7, 146
intra-lingual DOPE, 18
introduction of lexeme, 105-22
Irmay, Shraga, 152, 154
Israel Defence Force, see army
Italian, 10, 12, 13, 15f, 22, 29, 31-2, 37-8, 52, 89, 102f, 103, 129, 130, 138f, 179-80, 183-4, 187, 189, 213f, 214, 222, 231, 252f
Ivrit, viii, 105
Jamaican Creole, 7, 51, 54
Japanese, 3, 37, 48-9, 56-8, 61, 69, 146, 147f, 169, 178, 246, 253, 254
transcription, 263-4
Jespersen, Otto, 114f
jocosity, 116, 119
Judaeo-Spanish, Judezmo, 178, 222
Judaization, 139, 144f, 149
kanji, 48, 49, 56, 146, 147, 253, 264
Katz, Dovid, 27f, 121, 262
Katz, Michael, 156
Kaufman, Terrence, 53, 166
Kazakh, 162, 253
Kennedy, Nigel, 110
Kerler, Dov-Ber, 131
Khan, Geoffrey, 262
Khovav, Moshe, 85, 155
Kihm, Alain, 53, 208
King, Robert, 9
Klausner, Joseph, 17, 75, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122f, 142, 148, 174f
Korean, 48, 56
Kronfeld, Chana, 252f
kun-yomi, 146, 264
Kutscher, Edward Yechezkel, 4, 67f, 74f, 77f, 84, 92, 95, 99, 113, 185f
lacunae, see lexical voids
language change, 255
language typology, 252-3
Latin, 26, 30f, 31, 33, 52, 65, 67, 79, 95, 96, 98, 99, 126, 128, 129f, 150, 172f, 177, 187, 189, 214f, 222
lay creations, 247-9, see also popular etymology
lay GPE versus puristic GPE, 23-4
Lazarson, M., 77, 85
Lehiste, Ilse, 11
Lehnwort, see loanword
Le Page, Robert Brock, 53-4
Lewis, Geoffrey, 82f, 141f, 116-17, 154f, 159-65
lexeme, introduction of, 105-22
lexical conflation (LC), 49-56
lexical engineering, see engineering
lexical enrichment, internal vs external, 148-52, see also ex nihilo
lexical voids, 4, 58, 64, 93, 123, 148, 155, 163, 188, 257
lexicography, lexicology, 257-8, see also dictionaries, lexicopoiesis
lexicopoiesis, lexicopoietic classification, 8, 87-122
lingua franca, 54, 63
literary compositions, 30-3
Lithuanian, 26, 96, 253
-Yiddish, 4, 121, 206, 211
loan-translation, see calquing
loanword, 12-13
Loewe, Raphael, 30f, 45f, 81f, 91f
logograph, 56, see also phono-logographic script
logology, 32f
loop, 99, 212-3
macaronic creation, 30
Mandarin, 7, 45, 51, 118, 253, 263, see also Chinese, Taiwan Mandarin
manipulation, 116, 117, 119, 133, 150, 152, 154, 166
Manor, Dori, 32f
marketing, see advertisement
Maskilic Hebrew, see Haskalah
maskilim, see Haskalah
Matisoff, James, 208f
Matthews, Peter, 260
Mazia, Aaron Meyer, 76, 135, 148
media, 85, 110
medicine, 126-8, 223
Medina, Avihu, 146f
memorization, see mnemonics
Mendele, Móykher-Sfórim, 84, 96, 116, 123, 173, 211
metaphor, 10, 16, 37, 98-9, 104-5, 155, 209, 250
metathesis, 19, 130, 145
metonymy, 98-9, 104, 106
Michaeli, Rivka, 85, 91, 155
Middle Ages, 30, 54, 71, 104, 126, 205
military, 30f, 89, 107f, 114f, 147f, 186f, 207, 223
American soldiers, 36, 141
British soldiers/officers, 10, 140f
Israel Defence Forces (IDF), 21, 205
Israeli soldiers, 90, 139, 144, 157
minority language, 252-3
mishkál, see noun-pattern, adjective-pattern
Mishnah, 17, 65, 76, 90, 95, 96, 112, 122f, 124, 126, 135, 173, 209
mizrahi, see Sephardim
mnemonics, 79-82, 173
mocking, 110, 122f
Mockney, 110
Mohar, Ali, 33
mondegreen, 248
mongrel word, 106
morphemic adaptation, 4f, 8, 10, 12, 13, 19, 24, 36, 37, 39, 40, 68, 71, 86, 93, 124, 130, 136, 252f, see also morpho-phonemic adaptation
morphemic script
Hebrew, 56
Chinese, 70
morphological hybrid, 51-3, 107
morphological reanalysis, see reanalysis
morphology, 2, 3, 52, 69f, 247, 250, 254, 256
morpho-phonemic adaptation, 61, 132, 150, 159, 161, 173, 190f, 216, 246, see also morphemic adaptation
Mühlhäusler, Peter, 19, 53, 55
multilingual compositions, 30-3
multisourced neologization (MSN)
advantages, 63-82
classification, 82-6
difficulty of distinguishing between MSN and DOPE, 18-21
music, 33, 75, 83, 88, 102f, 104, 110, 123, 128-30, 155, 167, 184f, 185f, 222, 223, 231, see also songs
mutuatio non grata, 64
Myers-Scotton, Carol, 6f
Nahuatl, 25, 141
names (see also first names)
brands, 58, 59-60, 62, 67, 92f, 118, 177, 230
people, anthroponyms, 77, 83, 138, 142, 176, 181, 230, 246, 256
first names, 27-9
surnames, 20, 28, 140f, 143-7, 161, 175, 177, 183, 249
places, toponyms, 28, 37, 62, 77, 83, 88, 122, 124, 126, 138-43, 145, 147f, 162, 176, 177, 186, 215, 230, 246, 256
rivers, potamonyms, 31, 77, 78, 139f
nationalism, 84
native lexical lacunae, see lexical voids
naturalization, 11, 12, 52, 69f, 179f, 183
Neogrammarians, 9
neologizers, 148-57
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 66f, 85, 181f
New York, 124
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 14f, 179f
nikúd, see vocalization
Nimtza-bi, Mordecai, 144
Nissan, Ephraim, 62f
nomen rectum, see construct state
nomen regens, see construct state
nominalization, 250
normativism, see prescriptivism
Norwegian, 11, 102, 188-9
Nostratic, 80f, 101, 102, 223, 243
noun-pattern, 2, 4, 12, 13, 24, 39, 43, 51, 70, 73, 106, 107, 109, 110, 116, 127, 130, 132, 152, 155f, 167, 186f, 210, 216, 249, 250, 251, 252, 260
Nynorsk, 188
obsolete lexemes, 165, 235, 258, see recycling
Occitan, 100
Old Testament, 65, 80, 103, 112-14, 126-7, 130, 139, 172, 174, 204, 222-3, 249, 264
one-to-one correlation between signifiers and referents, 88, 92-4, 102, 108, 151, 162, 176
onomastics, see names
onomatopoeia, 15, 68, 78, 125, 171f, 208, 256
on-yomi, 48, 264
Optimality Theory, 9f
Oriental
Jews, see Sephardim
Transcription, 260
Ornan, Uzzi, 165, 235, 258
orthoepy, 185, 190f
orthography, 20, 44, 72, 109f, 133f, 184f, (see also writing system)
orthographic FEN, 71, 78, 132, 154, 167, 169, 185, 217, 222, 253
Ottoman Turkish, 157-63
Palestinians, 181
palindrome, 130, 131, 212
Panini, 15f, 52
paretimologia, 14
partial PM, 28, 29-30, 138, 140
particle
grammatical, 55
interrogative, 263
passive folk-etymology, see derivational-only popular etymology
Patterson, David, 84
penultimate stress, 12f, 78, 101, 178, 179, 181, 182, 205, 207
Peres, Shimon, 181
Persian, 22, 67, 89, 90f, 134, 157-8, 164-5, 249
pharyngeal, pharyngealization, 70, 72f, 261-2
philology, 16, 255
phonetic adaptation, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 28, 45f, 56, 60, 102, 108, 110, 136, 138f, 147f, 159, 166, 187
phonetic calquing, 37-49
phonetic matching (PM), 8, 11, 24-34
PM vs PSM, 36-7
phonetics, 126, 247
phonological change, see sound change
phono-logographic script, 51, 52-62, 72, 136, 252-4
phonology, 9, 121, 247, 262
phono-semantic matching (PSM) , 34-7
PSM vs PM, 36-7
phrase MSN, 114-22
pictograph, 56, 253
pidgins and creoles, 51, 53-6, 105, 208, 246, 252-3
pilpul, 64
Pines, Rabbi Yechiel Michal, 3, 13, 75, 109, 115, 148
pleremic script, 56-7, 253
plosive, 2
plural
derogatory, 181-2, 210
double, 11
hypercorrect, 184
Swahili, 11
with foreign/autochthonous stress, 12, 19, 205
Yiddish, 181-2, 210
Podolsky, Baruch, 15f
poetic licence, 117-18
Polish, 16, 42, 43, 46, 83, 133f, 155, 156, 166, 177f, 187-91, 203, 205, 216, 222, 231, 235, 246, 251, 257
-Yiddish, 26, 206
political correctness, 62, 142, 218, 219
politics, 181f
polychronicity, 86, 97, 102, 255
popular etymology, 14, 247-9
Portuguese, 6, 34, 61, 100, 102, 167f, 213
potamonyms, see names
prefix, 56, 73, 74, 129f, 130
prescriptivism, 23-4, 33, 148, 163, 190f, 236, 247-9
prestiti camuffati, 38
primary contributor, 50, 53, 203, 247, 257
Proto-Indo-European, 1f, 3, 16, 80f, 101, 154, 170, 174, 223, 243
Proto-Semitic, 80f, 98, 101, 223, 243
Provençal, see Occitan
pseudo-Anglicism, 11, 102f, 106f, 250
pseudo-Aramaic, 62
psycho-ostensive expressions, 208f
pun, 21-3, 24, 64, 132, 145f, 218f, 249
purism, 23-4, 247-9, see also prescriptivism
quadriradical root, 186f
Quinn, Naomi, 247
quinqueradical root, 68
Raag, Raimo, 35f, 149, 150f
Rabbinic (Hebrew), 64, 65, 76, 79, 88, 94, 95, 101, 109, 148, 151, 261
Rabin, Chaim, 4, 64f, 65, 153
Rabin, Yitzhak, 181
radical
Hebrew/Israeli, 1f, 2, 37, 66, 67, 68, 70, 167, 186f
Turkish, 164
reabbreviational reanalysis, 23, 206
reanalysis, 11, 14, 17, 23, 39, 67, 73, 114f, 146, 164, 172, 183, 190
recycling obsolete lexemes, 74-9
redivision of lexical boundaries, 31, 146
reduplication, 12, 37, 66, 136f, 206-7
referent, 36-7, 92-4
referent-SPM, 36-7
reinvented language, 148-86
rejective concoction, 62, 117, 122f, 219
religious terms, 62, 75
rendaku, 146-7
rephonologization, 47-8, 146, 161f, 185, 189-90, 219
reverse metonymy, see metonymy
revival, revivalists, 1f, 24, 63, 64, 65, 66f, 83, 84, 115, 116, 148-52, 166, 188, 247, 249, 256
Revolutionized Turkish, see Turkish
Romaine, Suzanne, 258f
romanization, 177-8, 263
Romany, 210-12, 253
roots (see bi-radical, quadriradical, quinqueradical, secondary, tertiary, tri-radical)
internal sources of enrichment, 64-7
Rosén, Haiim, 212f
Russian, 26, 27, 32, 33, 38, 42, 43, 46, 21-2, 83, 84, 104, 122, 128, 150, 166, 174f, 187, 189, 190, 210-12, 215, 219, 222, 231, 235, 246, 251, 257
immigrants to Israel, 127, 182f
Jews, 29
transliteration, 265
Sachlehnwörter, 38
Saddan, Dov, 17, 35f, 42f, 43f, 74, 90, 96f, 123f, 124, 134f, 141f, 155, 168f, 169, 185f, 188, 203, 204, 208, 210
Safá Brurá, 85
Sanskrit, 15f, 59, 62
Sarfatti, Gad Ben-Ami, 77f, 125, 176, 188, 205, 211f
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 9f, 254-5, 258
Schwarzwald, Ora, 65
script, see writing system
secondary derivative, 3, 10, 38, 39, 40, 45, 76, 85, 91, 93f, 206, 218f, 246, 250, 257
secondary root, 51, 65-6, 73, 101, 107, 154, 250
secret argots, 26-7, 252-3
secularization, 75
semantic compromise, 116, 118-19
semantic loan, 6, 7, 39, 40-3, 85, 93f, 101, 103-5, 155
semantic shifting (PSM by), 6, 39, 50, 76f, 77, 82, 88-91, 92, 93f, 105, 113, 119, 137, 151, 156, 166, 168, 171, 186, 215, 218, 219, 222, 236, 250
incestuous, 94-103
that includes semantic loan, 103-5
with Yiddish, 203-5
semanticized loan, 4
semanticized phonetic matching (SPM), 36-7
semanticized transcription, 4
sememe, addition of, 87-105
Semitic languages, see Akkadian, Arabic, Aramaic, Assyrian, Proto-Semitic, Syriac
sense-SPM, 36-7, 45, 203
Sephardim, 109-10, 144, 147, 177f
serendipity, 64, 122f, 249
Shapira, Amnon, 84, 134, 189
signifier, 92-4
Singh, Rajendra, 52-3, 114f, 164f
Singlish, 52, 53, 102f, 106f
Sino-Japanese, see on-yomi
slang, slangism, 2, 20, 21-3, 29-30, 42, 68, 76f, 78f, 81, 90f, 106f, 107f, 114f, 130, 134f, 156, 175, 206-7, 212, 220, 247, 258, 264
vs colloquial speech, 21
smikhút, see construct state
snobbative, 184f, 190f
socio-historical circumstances making Israeli liable to MSN, 63-4
sociolinguistics, 148-86, 256-7
soldiers, see military
songs, 30-1, 33, 85, 91, 102f, 108, 109-10, 146f, 155, 248
sound laws, 9
source languages, 187-220
borrowings preserving SL sound, 7-37
Soviet Union, Sovietization, 38, 164, 166, 253, 257
Spanish, 10, 11, 15, 20, 25, 34, 38, 74, 77, 79, 97-100, 103, 111, 113, 124, 136f, 147, 167f, 178, 182, 184f, 185, 213, 214
see also Judaeo-Spanish
specificizing MSN, 87-8
spirantization, 2
Sprachbund, 188f
standard, standardization, 11, 260
Arabic, 15, 93f, 100f
Basque, 34
French, 25
German, 102f
Italian, 35, 102
Yiddish, 1
standard average European, 188f
Starosta, Stanley, 114f
statistics, 221-45
structural compromise, 116-18
substitution, 7, 41, 89, 145, 219, 255
substratum, 53, 55, 56, 217, 222
successful MSNs, explanations
FEN not phonetically close to SL lexical item, 173-4
MSN deHebraized and regarded as alien, 178-84
neologism spelled as FEN but pronounced as SL word, 174-8
perception en bloc of compound containing FEN, 185-6
statistics, 235-41
suffixes, 2, 11, 19, 35, 47, 52, 67, 71, 74, 86, 105, 106, 108, 111, 116, 119, 128, 130, 133, 150, 154, 158-63, 170, 181, 184, 187, 189, 190, 210, 212, 220, 224, 252
Sun Language Theory, 164-5
superstratum, 55, 56, 83, 217, 220, 222, 231
survival, 53, 149, 251
Swahili, 11, 52
swear words, see euphemisms
Swedish, 28, 150, 167f, 247
Sweetser, Eve, 247
symmetry, 212
synchronic intra-linguality of morphological hybrids and MSNs, 51-3, 106, 145, 161
synchronicity, 14, 24, 51-3, 187, 255
Syriac, 117, 134
Systemzwang, 181
Taiwan Mandarin, 4, 57, 138, 168f, 263
Talmud, 62, 73, 78, 88, 112, 117, 127, 142, 155, 156, 178, 183, 186, 219, 135f
Tamil, 140
tautological expression, 112, 138, 206
technology, 58-9
Teharlev, Yoram, 33
terminology, 58-61, 123-47
terrorists, 162, 181-2
tertiary root, 73
Thomason, Sarah (Sally), 53, 166
Tkhiya, see revival
Tok Pisin, 7, 51, 54-5, 208, 253
toponyms, see names
Torczyner, Naphtali Herz, 10, 11, 38, 67, 68, 84, 89, 97, 108, 134f, 155, 165, 171, 176, 215, 248-9, see also Tur-Sinai
Toury, Gideon, 4, 104, 107f, 108, 121, 130f, 218
transcription, 61, 177, 260-4
Arabic, 262
Chinese, 263
Hebrew, 261-2
Israeli, 260-1
Japanese, 263-4
Yiddish, 262
translation, 28, 32, 33, 37, 61, 90, 104, 114, 117, 139, 151, 175, 180, 203, 265
transliteration
Hebrew/Israeli, 264-5
Russian, 265
tri-radical root, 1f
tri-sourced neologism, 78f, 133, 134f
Turkish, Revolutionized Turkish, 153-4
FEN, 158-63
language revolution (1928-36), 157-8
Language Society, 157, 165
Sun Language Theory, 164-5
Turkish FEN vs Israeli FEN, 163-4
Tur-Sinai, Naphtali Herz, 17, 18, 63, 84, 155, 249, see also Torczyner
typology, 6, 252-3
Ukrainian, 31, 210-12, 253
Umlaut, 68
unassimilated borrowing, see guestword
unborrowability of morphemes, 51-3, 106, 145, 161
unspecific suffix, 116
Urschöpfung, 149
Ursprache
Hebrew, 16
Turkish, 164
use-intensification, 42f, 91, 130, 176, 186
váad halashón, see Hebrew Language Council
verbalization, 36-7, 39
verb-pattern, 1f, 18, 40, 68, 69, 73, 130, 209, 219, 250, 251, 260
vernacular
Arabic, 15, 70-1, 74, 93, 97, 140, 178-9, 213, 215-16, 262
Latin, 30f
Verschik, Anna, 150f
Vietnamese, 48, 263
vocalization, 32f, 41f, 131, 145, 175-6, 178, 182, 185, 216, 253, 261
Volksetymologie, 14f, see folk-etymology
vowel
assimilation, 68
gradation, 68
harmony, 212
marking, see vocalization
Wanderlehnwörter, 38
Weiner, Edmund, 248f
Weinreich, Max, 81, 131, 209, 247
Weinreich, Uriel, 6f, 10, 28f, 42f, 52, 68, 96, 102, 120-1, 126, 133f, 134f, 138f, 142, 147, 167, 185f, 191, 209, 210
Wexler, Paul, 30f, 63, 68, 69f, 74f, 147, 173, 188, 203f, 210, 212, 253
whole-for-part metonymy, see metonymy
word formation, 12
strategies, 52
writing system, 56-7, 70, 157, 174-8, 253-5
Yavin, Haim, 85
Yellin, David, 85, 116, 148f
Yiddish
and Polish, 205
and Ukrainian/Russian, 210-12
calquing/rephonologization, 47-8
compound PSM, 212-14
creational MSNs, 209-10
International, 187-90
Lithuanian-Yiddish, 4, 206, 211
MSN cum onomatopoeia, 208
Polish-Yiddish, 26, 206
PSMs by semantic shifting, 203-5
transcription, 262
verbal MSN involving reduplication, 206-7
Yudilovich, David, 85, 97
Zionism, 84, 144
zoology, 83, 88, 123-6, 223 see also animals
Zukofsky, Celia Thaew and Louis, 33
IN ISRAELI
צוקרמן, גלעד 2003. מגע בין שפות והעשרה לקסיקלית בעברית הישראלית. לונדון-ניו יורק: פלגרייב מקמילן.
תקציר
העברית הישראלית היא שפה מדוברת, ש"הומצאה מחדש" במהלך המאה העשרים. היא הגיבה לדרישות החברתיות של המדינה המתהווה, כמו גם לגלובליזציה המתגברת, באמצעות אוצר-מילים שהתפתח במהירות והועשר על ידי מגע עם שפות זרות רבות מספור. במחקר המפורט והקפדני שלפנינו מספק הכותב סיווג מושכל של התחדישים, השדות הסמנטיים שלהם ותפקידיהן של שפות-המקור, לצד מחקר סוציו-בלשני על גישותיהם של טהרנים ושל דוברים ילידיים רגילים כלפי העשרה לקסיקלית. הניתוח שהוא מציע למתח שבין יצירתיות לשונית לבין שימור של זהות לשונית מובחנת מרחיב את הדיון מעבר למקרה של העברית הישראלית, באמצעות השוואות חדשניות עם התורכית המחודשת, סינית מנדרינית, יפנית, ערבית, יידיש, שפות קראוליות ושפות נוספות.
בפתח האלף השלישי מתאפיין עולמנו בתקשורת חובקת עולם ובתפוצה רחבה של אמצעים טכנולוגיים. הנזילוּת וההשתנוּת של המילה אינן מכבדות שום גבולות, וייתכן שלשיעור ההשתנוּת לא תהיינה מקבילות אפילו בדורות עתידיים (ואחידים יותר). המחקר לגבי אופניו השונים של 'מגע בין לשונות' והדינמיקה שלו לא יכול היה להופיע בזמן מתאים יותר.
תוכן עניינים
תודות
קיצורים
הקדמה
נקודות-מבט חדשות לגבי העשרה לקסיקלית
המקרה של ה"ישראלית": חידוש רב-מקורי כטכניקה אידיאלית להעשרה לקסיקלית
תוספת סממה לעומת חידוש לקסמה
חידוש רב-מקורי בתחומי-מינוח שונים
ניתוח סוציו-בלשני: גישות כלפי חידוש רב-מקורי ב"שפות מומצאות מחדש"
שפות המקור
ניתוח סטטיסטי
מסקנות והשלכות תיאורטיות
נספח: רישום, תעתוק ותרגום
מקורות
מפתח
IN MANDARIN CHINESE
新书推荐：《语言接触与以色列希伯来语词汇扩充研究》 Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
（2003）Ghil'ad Zuckermann，诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man), 伦敦-纽约:
Palgrave Macmillan. Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
作者简介：Ghil'ad Zuckermann，诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man), 英国牛津大学语言学系获得博士学位，现任教于剑桥大学语言学系，丘吉尔学院Gulbenkian研究院士。曾用英语、以色列语、意大利语、意第绪语、西班牙语、德语和俄语撰写并发表论文，并应邀在新加坡、美国和以色列讲学，在意大利、日本和澳大利亚做兼职研究。
评论：
美国加州大学伯克利分校语言学系教授James A. Matisoff认为：
该书行文十分生动，从众多角度进行论证，是对语言再生现象的美妙阐释。特别是在当前全球化和语际交流飞速发展的历史潮流中，该书的出版相当的及时。
美国芝加哥大学语言学教授Jeffrey Heath认为：
该书留给人的印象十分深刻。诸葛谩对于欧洲和希伯来词汇编纂的论述具有相当的广度……而且，其阐述问题的框架生动活泼，为我们提供了大量词义（和复合词义）的具体发展历史，同时为这些词汇勾勒出了其在该领域的重要地位。
美国马萨诸塞州大学教授Shmuel Bolozky认为：
该书第一次将Phono-Semantic Matching (PSM, 音素语义相配) 模式应用于词语构建机制当中，不仅对于研究以色列希伯来语词汇构成体系做出了重大的贡献，而且对研究普遍意义上的语言变异现象也十分有益。
英国牛津大学圣安东尼学院教授Geoffrey Lewis认为：
该书不仅对于从事此课题研究的学者和研究生有用，对于希伯来语学者也十分有帮助。而且，任何一位喜欢词汇的外行都会对它感兴趣并可以从中有所收获。该书是语源学研究领域的一部重要的创新著作。
纲要：
以色列希伯来语是20世纪复活的一种口语语言系统。它的再生受到新出现的国家体制以及全球化倾向的影响，尤其表现在词汇的发展上，受到多种外语语源的影响而进行扩充。该书论述入微，行文活泼，例证丰富，作者对造词机制、语义指向以及源语言在其中扮演的角色进行了系统地归类与分析，并用社会语言学的方法对各语言讲母语者进行访谈。对于语言接触带来的各种变革，作者不仅对以色列语进行分析，还例举了大量土耳其语、现代汉语、日语、阿拉伯语、意第绪语以及克里奥尔语等进行对比分析。
在第三个千禧年开始之际，我们所生存的世界以全球化、世界性的交流、技术设施和言语表述设施的广泛使用以及语言的扩展主义为特征。词语不需要任何国界，而且其广度可能到将来一段时期（异类减少）也无法达到。因此，对于语言和政治接触带来的模式和动力等的研究没有比现在更适时的了。
内容：
致谢
简介
词汇扩充研究新视角
以色列语现状：多源造词成为词汇扩充最理想手段
义位扩充与词位引入
不同术语领域的多源造词
社会语言学分析：对“复活语言”多源造词机制的态度
源语言介绍
数据分析
结论和理论阐释
附录
参考书目
索引
IN ITALIAN
Contatto Linguistico ed Arricchimento Lessicale nell'Ebraico Israeliano
ZUCKERMANN, Ghil`ad 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. London-New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change, Series editor: Charles Jones). Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
POTETE ORDINARE QUESTO LIBRO PRESSO LA CASA EDITRICE
RECENSIONI
"...affascinante e ricco di aspetti... un'esaltazione alla creativita' linguistica... Si attiene in modo particolare al contesto storico odierno sia della globalizzazione e sia dei rapporti di reciproca influenza linguistica mondiale."
- Professor James A. Matisoff, Dipartimento di Linguistica, Universita' della California, Berkeley
"Il volume e' estremamente impressionante. Zuckermann dimostra una maestria sia in lessicografia europea che in quella ebraica. Sviluppando una struttura basata su un'analisi rigorosa, offre molte etimologie dettagliate di vocaboli (ed espressioni), come pure fornisce una posizione ben specifica su temi di alto valore."
- Jeffrey Heath, Professore di Linguistica, Universita' di Michigan
"E' la prima volta che qualcuno dedica la sua attenzione alla vastita' a cui il ruolo dell''abbinamento fono-semantico' e' applicato nella formazione del vocabolo... fornisce un importante contributo allo studio dell'evoluzione del vocabolo ebraico israeliano in particolare e del 'cambiamento linguistico' in generale."
- Shmuel Bolozky, Professore di Ebraico, Universita' di Massachusets
"Questo libro non interessera' solamente gli studiosi e gli studenti graduati della materia ma anche gli ebraisti e piu' che altro ogni giurisprudente amante dei termini lo trovera' ammaliante e divertente... esso costituisce scientificamente e con una certa dose di originalita' un contributo eccezionale per la scienza dell'etimologia."
- Professor Geoffrey Lewis, St Antony's College, Universita' di Oxford
"Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew e' meraviglioso ed ammaliante. Non credo che esista un'universita' italiana che non lo inserisca negli scaffali della sua biblioteca perche' e' effettivamente un patrimonio culturale obbligatorio e - come gli altri lavori del Professor Zuckermann - e' molto approfondito, fondamentale originale e scritto in modo affascinante per tutti, e specialmente per i linguisti ed i filologi."
- Dott. S. De Filippi, Docente di Storia d'Arte
IN RUSSIAN
Языковой контакт и лексическое обогащение израильского иврита
ЦУКЕРМАН, Гил’ад, 2003 Языковые контакты и лексическое обогащение израильского иврита. Лондон, Нью-Йорк. Палгрэйв Макмиллан (Серия Палгрэйв по истории и изменениям языка, Редактор серии: Чарльз Джонс). Hardback, 304 pages, 216mm x 138mm, ISBN: 140391723X.
Заказать книгу у издателя по почте или через интернет
Аннотация
Израильский иврит - живой, разговорный язык, "воссозданый" в XX векe. На общественные запросы нового государства, а также на усиливающийся процесс глобализации иврит отвечает стремительным развитием своего словаря, обогащаемого в результате разнообразных контактов с иными языками. В подробном исследовании автор дает принципиальную классификацию неологизмов, их семантических полей, анализирует роли языков-источников и приводит социолингвистическую оценку тенденций обогащения языка, как у пуристов, так и у рядовых носителей.
Анализ противоречий между речевым творчеством и сохранением четкой языковой идентичности выводит исследование за рамки только «израильского языка». Автор производит новаторское сравнение его с революционизированным турецким, китайским мандарином, японским, арабским, идишем, эстонским, суахили, а также гибридными (пиджин) и креольским языками.
В начале третьего тысячелетия в мире развиваются всемирные коммуникации, широко распространяются высокие технологии, появляются новые способы общения. Миграция слов не знает границ, и, возможно даже, что у будущих, менее "разнородных" поколений лексическая мобильность не будет столь высока, как сегодня. Изучение способов и динамики языковых контактов является поэтому сегодня более чем своевременным.
Содержание
Посвящения
Сокращения
Введение
1. Новые перспективы лексического обогащения.
2. Явление израильского иврита: многоисточниковая неологизация (МИН) как идеальная техника языкового обогащения.
3. Присоединение языковых форм Семемы в противоположность внесениям лексем.
4. МИН в различных терминологических областях.
5. Социолингвистический анализ: отношение к МИН в "воссозданных языках".
6. Языки-источники.
7. Статистический анализ.
8. Заключение и теоретические выводы.
Приложение: Транскрипция, транслитерация и перевод.
Ссылки
Индекс
Рецензии
"...Захватывающий и многогранный... гимн лингвистическому творчеству. Он особенно своевремен в современном историческом контексте быстрой глобализации и взаимного языкового влияния ".
- Проф. Джeймс Матисофф. Отделение лингвистики, Калифорнийского университета в Бeркли.
"Книга крайне впечатляет. Цукерман демонстрирует замечательное искусство в области европейской и еврейской лексикографии... Вместе со строгой аналитической структурой он рассказывает историю происхождения многих конкретных слов и выражений и четко определяет позиции по вопросам, имеющим огромное значение".
- Джефри Хит, лингвист, профессор Мичиганского университета.
"...Впервые обращается внимание на сильную зависимость ‘фонетико-семантического соответствия’ со словообразованием... что является важнейшим вкладом в изучение словообразования, как в израильском иврите, и в исследовании общих языковых превращений".
- Шмуэль Болоцкий, профессор ивритской филологии Массачусетского университета.
"...Книга заинтересует не только исследователей и студентов, занимающихся этой темой, но и специалистов в области иврита. Более того, неспециалисты, любители словесности найдут ее занимательной и интересной... Эта книга, являясь одновременно научной и оригинальной, представляет собой выдающийся вклад в науку этимологии".
- Джефри Льюис, профессор Колледжа Св. Антония, Оксфордского университета.
Др. Гил’ад Цукерман PhD (Оксфорд) - Научный сотрудник Колледжа Черчилля Кембриджского университета. Преподает на Факультете востоковедения и состоит при Департаменте лингвистики Кембриджского университета. Опубликованы труды по-английски, на израильском иврите, по-итальянски, по-немецки, на идише, по-испански и по-русски; занимался преподавательской работой в Сингапуре, США и Израиле. Работал в научно-исследовательских учреждениях Италии, Японии и Австралии. Спискок публикаций можно найти здесь
AUTHOR'S NAME
Hebrew: גלעד צוקרמן, Chinese: 诸葛漫 (Zhuge Man (in Mandarin)), Japanese: 佐藤 幸長 (Sato Yukinaga), Yiddish: גלעד צוקערמאַן, Russian: Гилад Цукерман, Arabic: جلعاد تسوكرمن
MISSPELLINGS: Gilad Zuckerman, Dott. Ghilad Zukerman, Prof. Gil'ad Tsukerman, Professor Gilead Superman, Sir Galahad Tzukerman, Dr. G. Ghil-ad Sugarman, Mr Gillard Zimmermann, Mr. Gil`ad Gilhad Gil'had Zookerman, Dr Gill Gile'ad Tsookerman, Superman, Julia Gillard, Gideon Zimerman, Gideon Tsimerman, Gee Zukermann, Ghill Ghild Ghil'd Gilard Ghiyard Ghillard Gerard Zulkarnain, Jihad Zulkarman, Gillardo Giulio D.Phil. (Oxon.), Ph.D. (Cambridge), Gil-ad Giladiator, Noam Chomsky, Ghiladiator, Ghil'adiator Ph.D. (Cantab.), M.A. (summa cum laude) (Tel Aviv), 诸葛谩, 诸葛曼, Гил'ад Цукерманн, צוקערמאן, גיל-עד, גילעד,
Research Interests: Semiotics, Japanese Studies, Yiddish Literature, Language Education, Languages and Linguistics, and 58 moreYiddish Language, Contact Linguistics, Lexicology, Borrowing, Hebrew Language, Phonetics, Chinese Studies, Semantics, Japanese Language And Culture, Russian, Etymology, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Arabic, Yiddish, Hybridity, Hebrew Bible, Aramaic, Polish, Applied Linguistics, Multisourced Neologization, Chinese Language and Culture, Morphology, Language and Culture, Linguistics, Lexicography, Israeli Hebrew, Ladino Language, Israeli History, Icelandic, Biblical Hebrew (Languages And Linguistics), Addiction Studies, Ethnolects, Creole languages, Idiolects, Fusion, Etymythology, Mandarin Chinese, Lexical Expansion, Lexical Enrichment, Calquing, Calque, Loan Translation, Phono-Semantic Matching, Popular Etymology, Creoles, Pidgins and Creoles, Mixed Languages, Hybrids, Conflation, Founder Principle, Congruence Principle, Aetolects, Sociolects, Dialects, Etolects, Aetolect, Etolect, and English As a Second Language (ESL)
This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts: I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic and Proto-Afro-Asiatic CHAPTER 2, ‘Negation in Highland East Cushitic’, takes a comparative look at the forms and functions of negative... more
This volume is divided into ten chapters and two parts:
I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic
and Proto-Afro-Asiatic
CHAPTER 2, ‘Negation in Highland East Cushitic’, takes a comparative look at the forms and functions of negative morphemes in languages belonging to the Highland East Cushitic (HEC) branch of Cushitic, all of which possess at least two, at the most five different negative morphemes. In all HEC languages except Sidaama, negation is indicated by negative suffixes on verbal or non-verbal predicates. In Sidaama, the negative morpheme is a proclitic, the host of which is not necessarily the predicate. After a short typological profile of the HEC languages sketched in section 2, section 3 shows which negative morphemes are used in which clause types. Section 3.1 elaborates on the standard negation strategy. Section 3.2 and 3.3 take a closer look at negative existential clauses and negative non-verbal clauses. The subsequent sections 3.4 and 3.5 are dedicated to non-declarative main clauses, i.e. imperative and jussive clauses. The negation of converb clauses is examined in section 3.6. Relative clause negation is dealt with in section 3.7. A short excursus on the means of negating verbal nouns is found in section 3.8. In section 4, the division of labour of the negative morphemes in the individual HEC languages is compared and diachronic issues are addressed. Section 5 discusses how the analysis of negation can contribute to our understanding of the internal relationships in HEC.
CHAPTER 3, ‘From Proto-Berber to Proto-Afroasiatic’, proposes that traces of fossilized linguistic structures in ancient toponymic Berber layers and their preserved relics in the modern varieties of the language enable us to access a set of characteristics of proto-Berber and identify the different stages of evolution of this language and the type of evolution it has undergone (see Allati, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009). These Berber reconstructions are probably not without influence on our understanding of remaining elements of ancient stages still maintained in other Afroasiatic branches, and, in general, of structural features that are supposed to be proto-Afroasiatic, as well as of the evolution this family has undergone. Now, how do the proto-Afroasiatic and its evolution appear at the point where Berber reconstructions are available? For reasons of clarity and to lay out some steps to facilitate productive discussions, I would like to answer this question in the form of a set of concise points.
CHAPTER 4, ‘On Construct State Nominals: Evidence for a Predicate Approach’, argues that construct state nominals are predicates (of type <e,t>), because the only way adjectives can be interpreted in the context of constructs is if they compose with the construct as a whole. The leading semantic account on constructs, namely the one which treats constructs as individuals (of type e), here referred to as the Individual approach, succeeds in accounting for the ban on the definite determiner semantically. However, it encounters fundamental difficulties with constructs composing with adjectives. The chapter shows that these are difficulties which the predicate approach easily overcomes. However, establishing that constructs are predicates and abandoning the individual approach leave a supporter of the predicate approach with the task of explaining the ban on the definite determiner without resorting to type mismatch. To resolve this, and following a phrasal movement of a projection containing both Head and Non-Head to SpecD for definite phrases and Spec# for indefinite phrases, this chapter proposes an explanation on the ban on the occurrence of definite determiners on the head of a construct by the unavailability of a head noun in D that allows the determiner to be realised.
CHAPTER 5, ‘Ancient Aramaic and its Use in the Biblical Translation, Targum Onqelos’, explores Targum Onqelos, the translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic. According to the Babylonian Talmud (Megila 3a), this translation is attributed to Onqelos the Convert. According to research, however, the identity, time, and place of the translation are not definite. In the matter of the translator’s identity – Onqelos (or Akylas) was the nephew of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (or Titus). He converted to Judaism in the early second century AD. Scholars are divided as to whether Onqelos’ translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic and Akylas’ translation of the Bible into Greek were written by the same person or two different people. While the majority believe that each translation was made by a different individual, a minority claim that one individual made both translations. Targum Onqelos is a literal-semantic translation of the majority of Pentateuch verses, closely adhering to the Hebrew text without deviations, additions, or omissions. This Chapter discusses three types of Pentateuch verses for which the Targum Onqelos deviates from the typical literal mode of translation.
CHAPTER 6, Addressing Strangers in Riyadh, proposes that when addressing an adult Saudi male stranger, the terms that are used depend on the sex of the speaker, his age and the situation surrounding the interaction. In normal situations, where the address mode is formal, male speakers across all age groups usually use the terms ax (brother, and its derivatives) and ash-shaix (sheikh) for the function of addressing adult males. In addition to these terms adult male speakers (as opposed to teenagers) also use the terms ťaieb (good natured), al-ħabib (beloved one), al-ﻻali (most valuable) and abu-i (my father). This difference between adults and teenagers may indicate an increased level of politeness that comes as one ages and as one becomes more exposed to different types of addressee. However, this variation could also be the beginning of a shift in what is perceived as polite in the Riyadh society. In informal situations, adult male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) in addition to the terms above, while male teenagers also use abu (father of Ø). Working females and housewives usually use the terms axu-i (my brother) and walad (boy, especially with younger males) while younger females usually use axu-i (my brother) and law samaht (excuse me). In situations marked with anger or annoyance male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) but may prefer the terms axu-i (my brother) and abu-i (my father) if they want to maintain a polite demeanor. Terms like walad (boy) and hih or hoh (hey you), however, are considered extremely impolite if used to address adult male strangers by other males.
CHAPTER 7, Meeting the Prince of Darkness: A Semantic Analysis of English The Devil, Arabic Ashshayţān, and Hebrew Hasatan, explores the folk understanding of the English concept the devil and its Arabic and Israeli Hebrew near equivalents (ashshayţān and hasatan, respectively). Based on linguistic evidence, analysis is carried out to delineate the similarities and differences between the three concepts. The results demonstrate similarities in how ordinary native English speakers, Muslim Arabs, and native Israeli speakers categorize these beings, as well as what they think about their number, nature, and relation with people. Differences emerge when discussing where these beings live, whether or not there is a hierarchy among them, what they look like or how they are visualized, and how they are different from human beings. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) method, an explication is constructed for each term. The three explications, whose building blocks are universal human concepts and are translatable into most languages, provides the cultural outsider with an insider’s perspective on each of the three terms. One of the implications of this chapter is the limit of translation.
CHAPTER 8, Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting II: Omotic *b- with nasals, *r, *l, and weak consonants, examines Omotic lexical roots with *b- and is hoped to become the part a set of papers identifying the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the Omotic lexicon according to initial consonants. The aim of the chapter is to present new etymologies in addition to those Omotic lexemes whose etymologies have already been demonstrated by other authors. In the first part of this series, Omotic roots with *b- plus dentals, sibilants, and velars are dealt with from an etymological standpoint. The numeration of the lexical entries is continuous beginning from the very first paper
II: Asiatic Etymology versus Etymythology
CHAPTER 9, ‘A Syllabic Melodic Structure in a Japanese Obon Song – A Probable Hebrew-Aramaic Narrative'.
CHAPTER 10, ‘Asia at Both Ends: An Introduction to Etymythology, with a Response to Chapter 9’."
I: Cushitic, Berber, Semitic, Omotic
and Proto-Afro-Asiatic
CHAPTER 2, ‘Negation in Highland East Cushitic’, takes a comparative look at the forms and functions of negative morphemes in languages belonging to the Highland East Cushitic (HEC) branch of Cushitic, all of which possess at least two, at the most five different negative morphemes. In all HEC languages except Sidaama, negation is indicated by negative suffixes on verbal or non-verbal predicates. In Sidaama, the negative morpheme is a proclitic, the host of which is not necessarily the predicate. After a short typological profile of the HEC languages sketched in section 2, section 3 shows which negative morphemes are used in which clause types. Section 3.1 elaborates on the standard negation strategy. Section 3.2 and 3.3 take a closer look at negative existential clauses and negative non-verbal clauses. The subsequent sections 3.4 and 3.5 are dedicated to non-declarative main clauses, i.e. imperative and jussive clauses. The negation of converb clauses is examined in section 3.6. Relative clause negation is dealt with in section 3.7. A short excursus on the means of negating verbal nouns is found in section 3.8. In section 4, the division of labour of the negative morphemes in the individual HEC languages is compared and diachronic issues are addressed. Section 5 discusses how the analysis of negation can contribute to our understanding of the internal relationships in HEC.
CHAPTER 3, ‘From Proto-Berber to Proto-Afroasiatic’, proposes that traces of fossilized linguistic structures in ancient toponymic Berber layers and their preserved relics in the modern varieties of the language enable us to access a set of characteristics of proto-Berber and identify the different stages of evolution of this language and the type of evolution it has undergone (see Allati, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009). These Berber reconstructions are probably not without influence on our understanding of remaining elements of ancient stages still maintained in other Afroasiatic branches, and, in general, of structural features that are supposed to be proto-Afroasiatic, as well as of the evolution this family has undergone. Now, how do the proto-Afroasiatic and its evolution appear at the point where Berber reconstructions are available? For reasons of clarity and to lay out some steps to facilitate productive discussions, I would like to answer this question in the form of a set of concise points.
CHAPTER 4, ‘On Construct State Nominals: Evidence for a Predicate Approach’, argues that construct state nominals are predicates (of type <e,t>), because the only way adjectives can be interpreted in the context of constructs is if they compose with the construct as a whole. The leading semantic account on constructs, namely the one which treats constructs as individuals (of type e), here referred to as the Individual approach, succeeds in accounting for the ban on the definite determiner semantically. However, it encounters fundamental difficulties with constructs composing with adjectives. The chapter shows that these are difficulties which the predicate approach easily overcomes. However, establishing that constructs are predicates and abandoning the individual approach leave a supporter of the predicate approach with the task of explaining the ban on the definite determiner without resorting to type mismatch. To resolve this, and following a phrasal movement of a projection containing both Head and Non-Head to SpecD for definite phrases and Spec# for indefinite phrases, this chapter proposes an explanation on the ban on the occurrence of definite determiners on the head of a construct by the unavailability of a head noun in D that allows the determiner to be realised.
CHAPTER 5, ‘Ancient Aramaic and its Use in the Biblical Translation, Targum Onqelos’, explores Targum Onqelos, the translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic. According to the Babylonian Talmud (Megila 3a), this translation is attributed to Onqelos the Convert. According to research, however, the identity, time, and place of the translation are not definite. In the matter of the translator’s identity – Onqelos (or Akylas) was the nephew of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (or Titus). He converted to Judaism in the early second century AD. Scholars are divided as to whether Onqelos’ translation of the Pentateuch into Aramaic and Akylas’ translation of the Bible into Greek were written by the same person or two different people. While the majority believe that each translation was made by a different individual, a minority claim that one individual made both translations. Targum Onqelos is a literal-semantic translation of the majority of Pentateuch verses, closely adhering to the Hebrew text without deviations, additions, or omissions. This Chapter discusses three types of Pentateuch verses for which the Targum Onqelos deviates from the typical literal mode of translation.
CHAPTER 6, Addressing Strangers in Riyadh, proposes that when addressing an adult Saudi male stranger, the terms that are used depend on the sex of the speaker, his age and the situation surrounding the interaction. In normal situations, where the address mode is formal, male speakers across all age groups usually use the terms ax (brother, and its derivatives) and ash-shaix (sheikh) for the function of addressing adult males. In addition to these terms adult male speakers (as opposed to teenagers) also use the terms ťaieb (good natured), al-ħabib (beloved one), al-ﻻali (most valuable) and abu-i (my father). This difference between adults and teenagers may indicate an increased level of politeness that comes as one ages and as one becomes more exposed to different types of addressee. However, this variation could also be the beginning of a shift in what is perceived as polite in the Riyadh society. In informal situations, adult male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) in addition to the terms above, while male teenagers also use abu (father of Ø). Working females and housewives usually use the terms axu-i (my brother) and walad (boy, especially with younger males) while younger females usually use axu-i (my brother) and law samaht (excuse me). In situations marked with anger or annoyance male speakers usually use the term abu ash-shabab (father of youths) but may prefer the terms axu-i (my brother) and abu-i (my father) if they want to maintain a polite demeanor. Terms like walad (boy) and hih or hoh (hey you), however, are considered extremely impolite if used to address adult male strangers by other males.
CHAPTER 7, Meeting the Prince of Darkness: A Semantic Analysis of English The Devil, Arabic Ashshayţān, and Hebrew Hasatan, explores the folk understanding of the English concept the devil and its Arabic and Israeli Hebrew near equivalents (ashshayţān and hasatan, respectively). Based on linguistic evidence, analysis is carried out to delineate the similarities and differences between the three concepts. The results demonstrate similarities in how ordinary native English speakers, Muslim Arabs, and native Israeli speakers categorize these beings, as well as what they think about their number, nature, and relation with people. Differences emerge when discussing where these beings live, whether or not there is a hierarchy among them, what they look like or how they are visualized, and how they are different from human beings. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) method, an explication is constructed for each term. The three explications, whose building blocks are universal human concepts and are translatable into most languages, provides the cultural outsider with an insider’s perspective on each of the three terms. One of the implications of this chapter is the limit of translation.
CHAPTER 8, Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting II: Omotic *b- with nasals, *r, *l, and weak consonants, examines Omotic lexical roots with *b- and is hoped to become the part a set of papers identifying the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the Omotic lexicon according to initial consonants. The aim of the chapter is to present new etymologies in addition to those Omotic lexemes whose etymologies have already been demonstrated by other authors. In the first part of this series, Omotic roots with *b- plus dentals, sibilants, and velars are dealt with from an etymological standpoint. The numeration of the lexical entries is continuous beginning from the very first paper
II: Asiatic Etymology versus Etymythology
CHAPTER 9, ‘A Syllabic Melodic Structure in a Japanese Obon Song – A Probable Hebrew-Aramaic Narrative'.
CHAPTER 10, ‘Asia at Both Ends: An Introduction to Etymythology, with a Response to Chapter 9’."
Research Interests: Asian Studies, Japanese Studies, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Theology, and 29 moreSemitic languages, Hebrew Language, Sociolinguistics, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Comparative Semitic Linguistics, Aramaic, Africa, Biblical Studies, Bible Translation, Afro-Asian Connections, Afro-Asiatic Linguistics, Old Aramaic, Chadic Linguistics, Cushitic Linguistics, Omotic Linguistics, Comparative Semitics, Biblical Hebrew (Languages And Linguistics), Arabic Dialectology, Mishnah, Berber, Chadic, Egyptian, Cushitic, Hamito-Semitic Linguistics, Grammar of Kambata with Comparative Notes on the Highland East Cushitic Language Groups, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Afroasiatic linguistics, Omotic, and Berber and Egyptian
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Traditional languages are a key element of Indigenous peoples’ identity, cultural expression, autonomy, spiritual and intellectual sovereignty, and wellbeing. While the links between Indigenous language loss and poor mental health have... more
Traditional languages are a key element of Indigenous peoples’ identity, cultural expression, autonomy, spiritual and intellectual sovereignty, and wellbeing. While the links between Indigenous language loss and poor mental health have been demonstrated in several settings, little research has sought to identify the potential psychological benefits that may derive from language reclamation. The revival of the Barngarla language on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, offers a unique opportunity to examine whether improvements in mental health and social and emotional wellbeing can occur during and following the language reclamation process. This paper presents findings from 16 semi-structured interviews conducted with Barngarla community members describing their own experienced or observed mental health and wellbeing impacts of language reclamation activities. Aligning with a social and emotional wellbeing framework from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective, key them...
Research Interests:
This chapter introduces the fascinating and multifaceted reclamation of the Barngarla Aboriginal language of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. In 2012, the Barngarla community and I launched the reclamation of this sleeping beauty. The... more
This chapter introduces the fascinating and multifaceted reclamation of the Barngarla Aboriginal language of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. In 2012, the Barngarla community and I launched the reclamation of this sleeping beauty. The presence of three Barngarla populations, several hours drive apart, presents the revival linguist with a need for a sophisticated reclamation involving talknological innovations such as online chatting, newsgroups, as well as photo and resource sharing. The chapter provides a brief description of our activities so far and describes the Barngarla Dictionary App. The Barngarla reclamation demonstrates two examples of righting the wrong of the past: (1) A book written in 1844 in order to assist a German Lutheran missionary to introduce the Christian light to Aboriginal people (and thus to weaken their own spirituality), is used 170 years later (by a secular Jew) to assist the Barngarla Aboriginal people, who have been linguicided by Anglo-Australians, to ...
Research Interests:
This chapter analyses salient phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features in the fully fledged Israeli language. It illustrates the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of Israeli. The... more
This chapter analyses salient phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features in the fully fledged Israeli language. It illustrates the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of Israeli. The European impact in these features is apparent inter alia in structure, semantics, or productivity. The chapter demonstrates the ubiquitous multiple causation in Israeli and that the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character.
Research Interests: Art, Causation, Lexical Semantics, Linguistics, Salient, and 3 moreGrammar, Revivalistics, and First Language
This chapter introduces an original analysis of the Hebrew reclamation, resulting in ‘Israeli’, a term first used by Zuckermann (1999). A language is a col-lect-ion, an abstract ensemble of lects (idiolects, sociolects, dialects, and... more
This chapter introduces an original analysis of the Hebrew reclamation, resulting in ‘Israeli’, a term first used by Zuckermann (1999). A language is a col-lect-ion, an abstract ensemble of lects (idiolects, sociolects, dialects, and other lects) rather than an entity per se. It is more like a species than an organism. Still, the genetic classification of Israeli as a consistent entity has preoccupied linguists since the language emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. As a consequence, Israeli affords insights into the politics and evolution not only of language, but also of linguistics and revivalistics. The chapter proposes that the languages spoken in Israel today is a semi-engineered, Semito-European hybrid language. Its complexity should be acknowledged and celebrated, regardless of what one chooses to call it. The chapter also introduces two useful principles to the analysis of revival languages: The Founder Principle and the Congruence Principle. In revivalistics, the ...
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Hunhe haishi fusu. yiselieyu de qiyuan duolaiyuan xingshi he moshi) (On the hybridic genesis of Israeli Hebrew)提要本文旨在提出由于多起源的广泛存在, 如果没有复苏者母语的影响, 一种不再使用的语言的复苏是不可能的。因此, 可以设想复苏的努力会导致产生一种无论从起源还是类型上都带混合特征的语言。多来源反映在重合原则(Congruence Principle)... more
Hunhe haishi fusu. yiselieyu de qiyuan duolaiyuan xingshi he moshi) (On the hybridic genesis of Israeli Hebrew)提要本文旨在提出由于多起源的广泛存在, 如果没有复苏者母语的影响, 一种不再使用的语言的复苏是不可能的。因此, 可以设想复苏的努力会导致产生一种无论从起源还是类型上都带混合特征的语言。多来源反映在重合原则(Congruence Principle) 上。虽然以色列语大多数的形式是闪米特语言的, 但它的模式很多是欧洲语言的。以色列语的多来源本质及其产生时重合原则的作用对历史语言学语言计划和语言、文化及个性的研究都有启示作用 = The aim of this article is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle. Whereas most forms of Israeli are Semitic, many of its patterns are European. The multi-sourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity.Ghil...
Australian Aboriginal sports health monitoiing system based on a wearable device and data center technology is designed and implemented in this paper. In our designed system, the following inspirations are considered. (1) The... more
Australian Aboriginal sports health monitoiing system based on a wearable device and data center technology is designed and implemented in this paper. In our designed system, the following inspirations are considered. (1) The postequalization method does not require additional operations on the transmitter side and can optimize the tap weights of the digital post filter according to the severity of the system bandwidth limitation. This framework is used as the core of the data center. (2) Clothing is a must-have item for people’s daily life, and it is naturally soft and deformable. Therefore, combining clothing with smart wearable devices becomes a natural choice, and smart clothing comes into being. This media is used to construct the designed framework. Lastly, the proposed model is applied to the Australian Aboriginal sports health monitoiing system. The experiment results prove satisfactory performance.
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Our paper is an attempt to locate the ‘Spoken Sanskrit’ revival within the complex socio- political, religious, linguistic ecological context of a contemporary, globalized South Asia, and world (see Bordia 2015, Brass 2005). One of the... more
Our paper is an attempt to locate the ‘Spoken Sanskrit’ revival within the complex socio- political, religious, linguistic ecological context of a contemporary, globalized South Asia, and world (see Bordia 2015, Brass 2005). One of the key points of discussion in this paper surrounds the nomenclature used to define the varieties of Sanskrit spoken today. Simply put, for many reasons, a lot of the Sanskrit spoken today is not really the same as the archaic Vedic and Classical predecessors. Therefore, through a revivalistic lens, we explore some of the different registers of vernacular Sanskrit spoken today, and propose that they ought to, instead, be called Hybridic Reclaimed Sanskrit (henceforth, HRS). McCartney, P. and G. Zuckermann. 2019. &quot;Unsanitizable Yoga: Revivalistics and Hybridic Reclaimed Sanskrit.&quot; Mentalities Journal, 33(1): 1-48. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4GFN5. http://www.mentalitiesjournal.com/ ISSN- 0111-8854
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MSN demonstrates that the most important contributor languages for Israeli are: (i) Indo-European — mostly Germanic and Slavonic: Yiddish, Polish, Russian, English and German; (ii) Western Semitic: Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic (on Aramaic,... more
MSN demonstrates that the most important contributor languages for Israeli are: (i) Indo-European — mostly Germanic and Slavonic: Yiddish, Polish, Russian, English and German; (ii) Western Semitic: Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic (on Aramaic, see Eliezer Meir Lipschutz in ZV 4, 1914: 20). Until the first half of the twentieth century, Yiddish was the most influential among these Indo-European languages, overtaking Russian and Polish. Currently, however, English, which became dominant during the British Mandate in Eretz Yisrael is the main SL owing to its globalization. For classification by source language (percentage), see Graph 1 in §7.2.1.
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Naturally, FEN is widespread in those terminological areas that suffer most from lexical voids within the autochthonous lexical inventory. In the early history of Israeli such areas have been zoology, medicine, music, gastronomy and... more
Naturally, FEN is widespread in those terminological areas that suffer most from lexical voids within the autochthonous lexical inventory. In the early history of Israeli such areas have been zoology, medicine, music, gastronomy and computers. In some cases, the extent to which FEN infiltrates a specific terminological area is determined simply by whether or not a prominent coiner in this area has favoured FEN as a means of neologization. For example, Abramowitsch (also known as Mendele) relied heavily on FEN in his (often failed) neologisms for zoological terminology, as described below.
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MSN, a source of lexical enrichment distinct from guestwords, foreignisms, loanwords (§1.2.1) and calquing (1.3) has had a vast impact across many languages. MSN, which usually goes unnoticed by speakers (especially those of generations... more
MSN, a source of lexical enrichment distinct from guestwords, foreignisms, loanwords (§1.2.1) and calquing (1.3) has had a vast impact across many languages. MSN, which usually goes unnoticed by speakers (especially those of generations following the original coinage), has introduced a substantial number of new sememes and lexemes in Israeli, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, pidgins and creoles, and other languages. In the case of Israeli, MSN reinforces the view that Israeli lexis has been covertly influenced by Germanic and Slavonic languages such as Yiddish, Russian, Polish, German and English. The hundreds of (polychronically analysed) examples presented in this book prove that PSM is significantly widespread, the extent being remarkable both in absolute terms (200 PSMs out of several thousand neologisms in Israeli) and in relative terms, i.e. taking into account the fact that the majority of SL words do not have a parallel TL (in the case of FEN) or co-SL (in the case of LC) element which may coincide on phonetic and on semantic levels. Such a constraint does not usually apply to calquing, morpho-phonemic adaptation and mere neologization. Therefore, 200 PSMs in Israeli (not allowing for their dozens of secondary derivatives, as well as for toponyms and anthroponyms) is a significant number.
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This chapter proposes the enactment of an ex gratia compensation scheme for the loss of Indigenous languages in Australia. Although some Australian states have enacted ex gratia compensation schemes for the victims of the Stolen... more
This chapter proposes the enactment of an ex gratia compensation scheme for the loss of Indigenous languages in Australia. Although some Australian states have enacted ex gratia compensation schemes for the victims of the Stolen Generation policies, the victims of linguicide are largely overlooked by the Australian Government. Existing competitive grant schemes to support Aboriginal languages should be complemented with compensation schemes, which are based on a claim of right. The chapter first outlines the history of linguicide during colonization in Australia. It then puts a case for reviving lost Aboriginal languages by highlighting the deontological, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits of language revival. After evaluating the limits of existing Australian law in supporting language revival efforts, I propose ‘Native Tongue Title’, compensation for language loss—modelled upon Native Title, compensation for land loss.
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The Ram Bible (Tanakh Ram) is a recently-published Bible edition printed in two columns: the right-hand column features the original biblical Hebrew text and the lefthand column features the translation of the Bible into a high-register... more
The Ram Bible (Tanakh Ram) is a recently-published Bible edition printed in two columns: the right-hand column features the original biblical Hebrew text and the lefthand column features the translation of the Bible into a high-register literary Israeli (Reclaimed Hebrew). The Ram Bible edition has gained impressive academic and popular attention. This paper looks at differences between academics, teachers, students, media personalities and senior officials in the education system, regarding their attitude to the Ram Bible. Our study reveals that Bible teachers and students who make frequent use of this edition understand its contribution to comprehending the biblical language, stories, and ideas. Opponents of Ram Bible are typically administrators and theoretician scholars who advocate the importance of teaching the Bible but do not actually teach it themselves. We argue that the fundamental difference between biblical Hebrew and Israeli makes the Hebrew Bible incomprehensible to n...
We propose to demo LARA (Learning and Reading Assistant), a set of tools currently being developed in the context of a col-laborative open project for building and using online computer-assisted language learning (CALL) content. LARA... more
We propose to demo LARA (Learning and Reading Assistant), a set of tools currently being developed in the context of a col-laborative open project for building and using online computer-assisted language learning (CALL) content. LARA offers a range of options for semi-automatically transforming text into a hypertext version designed to give support to non-native readers. The demo is intended to accompany our full paper about LARA; here we focus on describing some of the content we will present.
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Summary This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of... more
Summary This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of enquiry studying comparatively and systematically the universal constraints and global mechanisms on the one hand (Zuckermann, 2003; 2009; 2020), and particularistic peculiarities and cultural relativist idiosyncrasies on the other, apparent in linguistic reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration across various sociological backgrounds, all over the globe (Zuckermann, 2020; Zuckermann & Walsh, 2011; 2014). The article focuses on the crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics. It provides examples from the field that demonstrate the complexity of the revivalist’s work and how the revivalist’s work is distinct from that of the documentary linguist. Too many documentary linguists mislead themselves to believe that they ca...
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This seminal book introduces revivalistics, a new trans-disciplinary field of enquiry surrounding language reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration. The book is divided into two main parts that represent Zuckermann’s fascinating and... more
This seminal book introduces revivalistics, a new trans-disciplinary field of enquiry surrounding language reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration. The book is divided into two main parts that represent Zuckermann’s fascinating and multifaceted journey into language revival, from the ‘Promised Land’ (Israel) to the ‘Lucky Country’ (Australia) and beyond: PART 1: LANGUAGE REVIVAL AND CROSS-FERTILIZATION The aim of this part is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the reclamation of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. The book highlights salient morphological, phonological, phonetic, syntactic, semantic and lexical features, illustrating the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of ‘Israeli’, the language resulting from the Hebrew revival. The European i...
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This chapter introduces revivalistics, a new trans-disciplinary field of enquiry, and explores lessons from Israeli that are applicable to the reclamation and empowerment of Aboriginal languages in Australia and elsewhere. Any language... more
This chapter introduces revivalistics, a new trans-disciplinary field of enquiry, and explores lessons from Israeli that are applicable to the reclamation and empowerment of Aboriginal languages in Australia and elsewhere. Any language reawakening should involve a long period of thoroughly observing, carefully listening to the language custodians, and learning, mapping and characterizing the specific Indigenous community. Only then can one inspire and assist. That said, this chapter proposes that there are linguistic constraints (as seen in the Hebrew reclamation) applicable to all revival attempts. Mastering them would be useful to endangered languages, particularly to Indigenous linguistic revival. The chapter introduces a practical tool: the quadrilateral Language Revival Diamond (LARD), featuring language owners, linguistics, education, and the public sphere. Each of these four core quadrants is necessary in reviving any language.
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Ghil‘ad Zuckerman
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In this study, we sift through the Hebrew animal names neologised by Abramowitsch (1866) in his natural history of birds. We identify and discuss a few such coinages of his which exhibit folk-etymological nativisation, by phono-semantic... more
In this study, we sift through the Hebrew animal names neologised by Abramowitsch (1866) in his natural history of birds. We identify and discuss a few such coinages of his which exhibit folk-etymological nativisation, by phono-semantic matching. Moreover, we trace occurrences of application of devices of lexical conflation by covert borrowing also in Hebrew zoonyms coined more recently than in Abramowitsch’s Natural History. Studying the latter’s neologised animal names is important because it illustrates a phenomenon (lexical conflation as a way to nativise loanwords) which has occurred in several modernised languages, and because Abramowitsch’s work was at a time when there arose modernisers also for other languages.
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INTRODUCTION There are lots of possible choices for the source of the greatest evil and misery, but many have singled out religion. The late Milton Himmelfarb, however, thought that this was but ‘a feeble joke’. He cited ethnonational... more
INTRODUCTION There are lots of possible choices for the source of the greatest evil and misery, but many have singled out religion. The late Milton Himmelfarb, however, thought that this was but ‘a feeble joke’. He cited ethnonational affiliations, racial and class differences, and linguistic and ideological compartmentalisation for persecution, hatred and conflict. Or, indeed, ‘simple bloody-mindedness’ (see Berger, 2007). The last seems rather weak in the company of those other, more powerful motivations, but if we consider the historical propensity that human beings have shown for letting small matters spiral into large ones, or the dynamic potential of Freud's ‘narcissism of minor differences’, or the dubious contributions made over the centuries by conceptions of ‘honour’, then perhaps we should acknowledge Himmelfarb's point. Still, ethnocentrism and relativism have always had religious counterparts. The holy books of most religions emphasise love, tolerance, justice, truth, and just about every other positive human characteristic. It is disappointing, then, that the history of religion contains so many dark and unpleasant chapters – disappointing but not very surprising, perhaps, given the strain of outfitting other-worldly ideals in mundane clothing. This is in fact the argument usually made when religious practices are criticised and seen to fall short of divine writ: the ideas are pure and good but, alas, they are interpreted on earth by misguided, or narrow, or evil, or corrupt officers.
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What is language revival? In the narrow sense, which is used in this entry, it means the attempt to reclaim a language that is no longer spoken as a mother tongue, for example, Hebrew and Kaurna, the latter being an Aboriginal language in... more
What is language revival? In the narrow sense, which is used in this entry, it means the attempt to reclaim a language that is no longer spoken as a mother tongue, for example, Hebrew and Kaurna, the latter being an Aboriginal language in Adelaide, South Australia. Keywords: culture; educational linguistics; language revitalization; language variation and change; sociolinguistics; contact
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Research Interests: Contact Linguistics, Borrowing, Chinese Studies, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Arabic, and 15 moreAramaic, Applied Linguistics, Chinese Language and Culture, Addiction Studies, Ethnolects, Creole languages, Calquing, Calque, Creoles, Conflation, Congruence Principle, Aetolects, Dialects, Aetolect, and Estonian
Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner, Daniel Nisim Cohen, Ephraim Nissan and Ghil'ad Zuckerman
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Ghil’ad Zuckermann & Paul Monagha
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The aim of this article is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists' mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect... more
The aim of this article is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists' mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. The article highlights salient morphological constructions and categories, illustrating the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of Israeli, somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew'. The European impact in these features is apparent inter alia in structure, semantics or productivity. Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle, according to which if a feature exists in more than one contributing language, it is more likely to persist in the emerging language. Consequently, the reality of linguistic genesis is far more complex than a simple family tree system allows. 'Revived' languages are unlikely to hav...
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Anthropology, Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Language revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, and 15 moreContact Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Hebrew Language, Israel Studies, Language Planning and Policy, Australian Indigenous languages, Causation, Language in Society, Linguistics, Language death and revival, Revival Linguistics, Language contact, Salient, Grammar, and C
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Research Interests: Multiculturalism, Globalization, Hebrew Language, Japanese Language And Culture, English language, and 15 morePolitical Science, Intergroup Relations, English, Chinese Language and Culture, Linguistics, Acculturation, Intercultural Competence, Hebrew, Language contact, Cross Cultural Psychology, Integration, Mandarin, Mandarin Chinese, Intercultural training, and English Language
Research Interests: Cultural History, Anthropology, Contact Linguistics, Australian Indigenous languages, Authenticity, and 15 moreBiblical Studies, Australia, Aboriginal Health, Aboriginal history in Canada, Ancient Hebrew, Aboriginal History in Australia, Aboriginal education, Bilingualism, Brisbane, Aboriginal Languages, Adelaide, Cairns, Aboriginal English, Aboriginal Studies, and Australian Linguistics
Similes emphasise affinities between different objects, and they occur in many cultures. Vietnamese similes can be classified into two types: Meaning Similes and Rhyming Similes. This paper analyses and compares their structure and their... more
Similes emphasise affinities between different objects, and they occur in many cultures. Vietnamese similes can be classified into two types: Meaning Similes and Rhyming Similes. This paper analyses and compares their structure and their semantic and phonetic requirements. It also draws innovative parallels between Vietnamese rhyming similes and Cockney Rhyming Slang, Multisourced Neologization of the Phonetic Matching type, and English, Italian and Israeli euphemisms.Thuy Nga Nguyen and Ghil'ad Zuckermannhttp://www.ijls.net/latestissue.htm
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Language Variation and Change, Applied Linguistics, and 15 moreCorpus Linguistics, Language and Culture, Language and Identity, Cognitive Linguistics, Lexicography, English Grammar, ESP, Arabic English Translation, Language Change, Etymology and Colloquialisms, Grammar, Idioms, Language Studies, Euphemism, and Cockney Rhyming slang
... Toponymy and monopoly. One toponym, two parents; ideological hebraization of Arabic place-names in the Israeli language. Autores: Ghil'ad Zuckermann; Localización: Onoma: Journal of the International Council of Onomastic... more
... Toponymy and monopoly. One toponym, two parents; ideological hebraization of Arabic place-names in the Israeli language. Autores: Ghil'ad Zuckermann; Localización: Onoma: Journal of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences, ISSN 0078-463X, Nº. ...
Research Interests: History, Geography, Languages and Linguistics, Hebrew Language, Israel Studies, and 15 moreArabic Language and Linguistics, Comparative Semitic Linguistics, Arabic, Lebanon, Arabic Sociolinguistics, Literary Onomastics, Middle Eastern Studies, Linguistics, Israeli Hebrew, History of the Modern Middle East, International Relations of Middle East, Hebrew, Middle East, Ethnicity and National Identity, and Israel Palestine
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Language revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, Lexicology, Hebrew Language, and 15 moreArabic, Language Planning and Policy, Morphology, Lexical Semantics, Linguistics, Israeli Hebrew, Hebrew, Language death and revival, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Linguistic purism, Revival Linguistics, Linguistic Prescriptivism, Language Academies, Normativismo, and Academy of the Hebrew Language
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... &amp;#x27;haim targum efshari?&amp;#x27; = Is Translation Possible? Zuckermann, Ghil&amp;#x27;ad (2010) &amp;#x27;haim targum efshari?&amp;#x27; = Is Translation Possible?. Hed HaUlpan HaKhadash, 96 : 60-66. ...... more
... &amp;#x27;haim targum efshari?&amp;#x27; = Is Translation Possible? Zuckermann, Ghil&amp;#x27;ad (2010) &amp;#x27;haim targum efshari?&amp;#x27; = Is Translation Possible?. Hed HaUlpan HaKhadash, 96 : 60-66. ... Title, &amp;#x27;haim targum efshari?&amp;#x27; = Is Translation Possible? Formatted title, מחקר לשון האם תרגום אפשרי? ...
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The vast majority of Australia’s Indigenous languages — some 250 are estimated to have existed at the time British colonisation — are no longer in use. Now, the Australian government is being pushed to revalue Indigenous languages in a... more
The vast majority of Australia’s Indigenous languages — some 250 are estimated to have existed at the time British colonisation — are no longer in use.
Now, the Australian government is being pushed to revalue Indigenous languages in a call for the payment of compensation for language loss, to be put towards increased funding for language revitalisation, with the claim that the loss of language is more detrimental than the loss of land.
Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Professor of Linguistics and Endangered Languages, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Now, the Australian government is being pushed to revalue Indigenous languages in a call for the payment of compensation for language loss, to be put towards increased funding for language revitalisation, with the claim that the loss of language is more detrimental than the loss of land.
Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Professor of Linguistics and Endangered Languages, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Research Interests: Manx Law, Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Language revitalization, Australian Studies, Hebrew Language, and 17 moreAustralian Indigenous Archaeology, Australian Indigenous languages, Australia, Manx, Te Reo Māori, Aboriginal education, Language Acquisition and Development, Kaurna Language, Hawaiian Studies, Language death and revival, Maori Pedagogy, Kaupapa Maori Research, Manx language, South Australia, Australian Aboriginal Languages, Barngarla, and Barngarla Reclamation
“The greatest virtue of a new word is that it is not new.” (Yechiel Michal Pínes, 1893) versus “It is absolutely impossible to empty out words filled to bursting, unless one does so at the expense of language itself.” (Gershom... more
“The greatest virtue of a new word is that it is not new.” (Yechiel Michal Pínes, 1893)
versus
“It is absolutely impossible to empty out words filled to bursting, unless one does so at the expense of language itself.” (Gershom Scholem, 26 December 1926)
One of the problems facing those attempting to revive Hebrew as the national language of the emerging State of Israel was that of Hebrew lexical voids. The ‘revivalists’ attempted to use mainly internal sources of lexical enrichment but were faced with a paucity of roots. They changed the meanings of obsolete Hebrew terms to fit the modern world. This infusion often entailed the secularization of religious terms. This lecture will explore the phenomenon of semantic secularization, as in the politically-neutral process visible in English cell ‘monk’s living place’ > ‘autonomous self-replicating unit from which tissues of the body are formed’. The main focus, however, is on secularizations involving ideological ‘lexical engineering’, as often exemplified by – either conscious or subconscious, either top-down or bottom-up – manipulative, subversive processes of extreme semantic shifting, pejoration, amelioration, trivialization, allusion and echoing.
An example of defying religion is blorít. Mishnaic Hebrew [b’lorit] is ‘Mohawk, an upright strip of hair that runs across the crown of the head from the forehead to the nape of the neck’, characteristic of the abominable pagan and not to be touched by the Jewish barber. But defying religious values, secular Socialist Zionists use blorít with the meaning ‘forelock, hair above the forehead’, which becomes one of the defining characteristics of the Sabra (‘prickly pear’, a nickname for native Israelis, allegedly thorny on the outside and sweet inside). Is the ‘new Jew’ ultimately a pagan?
This negation of religion fascinatingly adds to the phenomenon of negation of the Diaspora, exemplified in the blorít itself by Zionists expecting the Sabra to have dishevelled hair, as opposed to the orderly diasporic Jew, who was considered by Zionists to be weak and persecuted.
An example of the complementary phenomenon, deifying Zionism, is mishkán. Biblical Hebrew [mishkån] means ‘Tabernacle of the Congregation’ (where Moses kept the Ark in the wilderness), ‘inner sanctum’ (known as [‘ohel mo`ed]). Israeli mishkán aknéset, however, refers to ‘the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) building’. Translating mishkán haknéset as ‘The Knesset Building’ (as in the official Knesset website) is lacking. The word mishkán is loaded with holiness and evokes sanctity, as if MKs (Members of Knesset, i.e. MPs) were at the very least angels or seraphs.
In line with the prediction made by the Kabbalah-scholar Gershom Scholem in a letter to Franz Rosenzweig (Bekenntnis über unsere Sprache, 1926), some ultra-orthodox Jews have tried to launch a ‘lexical vendetta’: using secularized terms like ‘dormant agents’, as a shortcut to religious concepts, thus trying to convince secular Jews to go back to their religious roots.
The study of Israeli cultural linguistics and socio-philology casts light on the dynamics between language, religion and identity in a land where fierce military battles with external enemies are accompanied by internal Kulturkämpfe.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ghil’ad ZUCKERMANN , D.Phil. (Oxon.), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude), is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Fellow in Linguistics at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. He has been Gulbenkian Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has taught in Israel, Singapore, England and USA , and has held research posts in Bellagio (Italy), Austin (Texas), Melbourne and Tokyo. His publications – in English, Israeli, Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese – include the books Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli, a Beautiful Language, Am Oved, 2008). He is currently working on two further books: (1) Language Genesis and Multiple Causation, and (2) Language, Religion and Identity. His website is http://www.zuckermann.org/
versus
“It is absolutely impossible to empty out words filled to bursting, unless one does so at the expense of language itself.” (Gershom Scholem, 26 December 1926)
One of the problems facing those attempting to revive Hebrew as the national language of the emerging State of Israel was that of Hebrew lexical voids. The ‘revivalists’ attempted to use mainly internal sources of lexical enrichment but were faced with a paucity of roots. They changed the meanings of obsolete Hebrew terms to fit the modern world. This infusion often entailed the secularization of religious terms. This lecture will explore the phenomenon of semantic secularization, as in the politically-neutral process visible in English cell ‘monk’s living place’ > ‘autonomous self-replicating unit from which tissues of the body are formed’. The main focus, however, is on secularizations involving ideological ‘lexical engineering’, as often exemplified by – either conscious or subconscious, either top-down or bottom-up – manipulative, subversive processes of extreme semantic shifting, pejoration, amelioration, trivialization, allusion and echoing.
An example of defying religion is blorít. Mishnaic Hebrew [b’lorit] is ‘Mohawk, an upright strip of hair that runs across the crown of the head from the forehead to the nape of the neck’, characteristic of the abominable pagan and not to be touched by the Jewish barber. But defying religious values, secular Socialist Zionists use blorít with the meaning ‘forelock, hair above the forehead’, which becomes one of the defining characteristics of the Sabra (‘prickly pear’, a nickname for native Israelis, allegedly thorny on the outside and sweet inside). Is the ‘new Jew’ ultimately a pagan?
This negation of religion fascinatingly adds to the phenomenon of negation of the Diaspora, exemplified in the blorít itself by Zionists expecting the Sabra to have dishevelled hair, as opposed to the orderly diasporic Jew, who was considered by Zionists to be weak and persecuted.
An example of the complementary phenomenon, deifying Zionism, is mishkán. Biblical Hebrew [mishkån] means ‘Tabernacle of the Congregation’ (where Moses kept the Ark in the wilderness), ‘inner sanctum’ (known as [‘ohel mo`ed]). Israeli mishkán aknéset, however, refers to ‘the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) building’. Translating mishkán haknéset as ‘The Knesset Building’ (as in the official Knesset website) is lacking. The word mishkán is loaded with holiness and evokes sanctity, as if MKs (Members of Knesset, i.e. MPs) were at the very least angels or seraphs.
In line with the prediction made by the Kabbalah-scholar Gershom Scholem in a letter to Franz Rosenzweig (Bekenntnis über unsere Sprache, 1926), some ultra-orthodox Jews have tried to launch a ‘lexical vendetta’: using secularized terms like ‘dormant agents’, as a shortcut to religious concepts, thus trying to convince secular Jews to go back to their religious roots.
The study of Israeli cultural linguistics and socio-philology casts light on the dynamics between language, religion and identity in a land where fierce military battles with external enemies are accompanied by internal Kulturkämpfe.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ghil’ad ZUCKERMANN , D.Phil. (Oxon.), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude), is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Fellow in Linguistics at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. He has been Gulbenkian Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has taught in Israel, Singapore, England and USA , and has held research posts in Bellagio (Italy), Austin (Texas), Melbourne and Tokyo. His publications – in English, Israeli, Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese – include the books Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli, a Beautiful Language, Am Oved, 2008). He is currently working on two further books: (1) Language Genesis and Multiple Causation, and (2) Language, Religion and Identity. His website is http://www.zuckermann.org/
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 'Who will guard the guardians themselves?' (Iuvenalis, Satirae, vi, 347-8). Over the past century, Israeli – somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' – has become the primary mode of... more
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
'Who will guard the guardians themselves?'
(Iuvenalis, Satirae, vi, 347-8).
Over the past century, Israeli – somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' – has become the primary mode of communication in all domains of public and private life in Israel. Linguistic issues are so sensitive in Israel that politicians are often involved. For example, in an article in Ha'aretz (June 21, 2004), left-wing politician Yossi Sarid attacked the (most widespread) 'common language of éser shekel' as inarticulate and monstrous, and urged citizens to take up arms, fight it and protect "Hebrew". However, most Israelis say éser shékel 'ten shekels' rather than asar-á shkal-ím, the latter literally meaning 'ten (feminine) shekels (masculine plural)', and thus having a 'polarity-of-gender agreement' - with a feminine numeral and a masculine plural noun. Brought into being by legislation in 1953 as the supreme institute for Hebrew, the Academy of the Hebrew Language prescribes standards for Israeli grammar, lexis, orthography, transcription and vocalization (vowel marking) 'based upon the study of Hebrew's historical development'. This lecture will provide a critical analysis of the Academy's mission, as intriguingly defined in its constitution: 'to direct the development of Hebrew in light of its nature' (sic). It will shed light on the dynamics of the committees' meetings, and expose some U-turn decisions recently made by the Academy. I will suggest that the Academy has begun submitting to the 'real world', accommodating its decrees to the parole of native Israeli speakers, long regarded as 'reckless' and 'lazy'.
Based on Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2008. ‘“Realistic Prescriptivism”: The Academy of the Hebrew Language, its Campaign of “Good Grammar” and Lexpionage, and the Native Israeli Speakers’' Israel Studies in Language and Society 1.1: 135-154.
LINK: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Realistic_Prescriptivism_Academy.pdf
About the speaker: http://www.zuckermann.org/
'Who will guard the guardians themselves?'
(Iuvenalis, Satirae, vi, 347-8).
Over the past century, Israeli – somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' – has become the primary mode of communication in all domains of public and private life in Israel. Linguistic issues are so sensitive in Israel that politicians are often involved. For example, in an article in Ha'aretz (June 21, 2004), left-wing politician Yossi Sarid attacked the (most widespread) 'common language of éser shekel' as inarticulate and monstrous, and urged citizens to take up arms, fight it and protect "Hebrew". However, most Israelis say éser shékel 'ten shekels' rather than asar-á shkal-ím, the latter literally meaning 'ten (feminine) shekels (masculine plural)', and thus having a 'polarity-of-gender agreement' - with a feminine numeral and a masculine plural noun. Brought into being by legislation in 1953 as the supreme institute for Hebrew, the Academy of the Hebrew Language prescribes standards for Israeli grammar, lexis, orthography, transcription and vocalization (vowel marking) 'based upon the study of Hebrew's historical development'. This lecture will provide a critical analysis of the Academy's mission, as intriguingly defined in its constitution: 'to direct the development of Hebrew in light of its nature' (sic). It will shed light on the dynamics of the committees' meetings, and expose some U-turn decisions recently made by the Academy. I will suggest that the Academy has begun submitting to the 'real world', accommodating its decrees to the parole of native Israeli speakers, long regarded as 'reckless' and 'lazy'.
Based on Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2008. ‘“Realistic Prescriptivism”: The Academy of the Hebrew Language, its Campaign of “Good Grammar” and Lexpionage, and the Native Israeli Speakers’' Israel Studies in Language and Society 1.1: 135-154.
LINK: http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Realistic_Prescriptivism_Academy.pdf
About the speaker: http://www.zuckermann.org/
Hybridity versus Revivability: The Genesis of the Israeli Language Prof Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Queensland) The aim of this lecture is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous phenomenon of multiple causation, the revival of... more
Hybridity versus Revivability: The Genesis of the Israeli Language
Prof Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Queensland)
The aim of this lecture is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous phenomenon of multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists' mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybrid genetic and typological character.
It will be argued that Israeli - a 120 year-old language, somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' - is simultaneously Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) and Indo-European
(Germanic/Slavonic/Romance): Both Hebrew (an important liturgical and literary language) and Yiddish (the revivalists' mother tongue) act as its 'primary contributors', with numerous other contributors such as Russian and Polish.
Almost all Hebrew revivalists, e.g. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (born Perelman), were native Yiddish-speakers. But they wished to speak Hebrew with Semitic grammar and pronunciation - like Arabs. However, their attempts (1) to deny their (more recent)
roots in search of Biblical ancientness, (2) negate diasporism and disown the 'weak, persecuted' exilic Jew, and (3) avoid hybridity (as reflected in Slavonized, Romance/Semitic-influenced, Germanic Yiddish itself, which they despised) failed.
Although they have engaged in a campaign for linguistic purity, the emerging Israeli language often mirrors the very components the revivalists sought to erase. Thus, the
study of Israeli casts light on the dynamics between language and culture in general, and in particular into the role of language as a source of collective self-perception.
Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle, according to which if a feature exists in more than one contributing language, it is more likely to persist in the
emerging language. This lecture will discuss multiple causation in (1) constituent order, (2) tense system, (3) copula enhancement, (4) calquing, and (5) phono-semantic
matching in Israeli. It will suggest that the reality of linguistic genesis is far more complex than a simple family tree system allows. 'Revived' languages are unlikely to
have a single parent.
Generally speaking, whereas most forms of Israeli are Semitic, many of its patterns are European. It will be proposed that (1) Whereas Hebrew was synthetic, Israeli -
following Yiddish etc. - is much more analytic; (2) Israeli is a habere language (cf. Latin habere 'to have', taking the direct object), in stark contrast to Hebrew; (3) European languages sometimes dictate the gender of Israeli coinages; (4) The (hidden) productivity and semantics of the allegedly completely Hebrew system of Israeli verbtemplates are, in fact, often European; (5) In Hebrew there was a polarity-of-gender agreement between nouns and numerals, e.g. 'éser banót 'ten girls' versus 'asar-á baním 'ten (feminine) boys'. In Israeli there is a simpler - European - system, e.g. éser banót 'ten girls', éser baním 'ten boys'; (6) Yiddish has shaped the semantics of the Israeli verbal system in the case of inchoativity; (7) The Israeli proclitics be- 'in', le- 'to' and mi-/me 'from', as well as the coordinating conjunction ve- 'and', are phonologically less dependent than in Hebrew; (8) Word-formation in Israeli abounds with European mechanisms such as portmanteau blending.
Israeli possesses distinctive socio-historical characteristics such as the lack of a continuous chain of native speakers from spoken Hebrew to Israeli, the non-Semitic mother tongues spoken by the revivalists, and the European impact on literary Hebrew. Consequently, it presents the linguist with a unique laboratory in which to examine a wider set of theoretical problems concerning language genesis and
hybridity, social issues like language vis-à-vis politics, and practical matters, e.g. whether it is possible to revive a no-longer spoken language. The multisourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity.
Further reading:
http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf
http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/new-vision.pdf
ABOUT THE SPEAKER:
Ghil'ad ZUCKERMANN, D.Phil. (Oxford), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude), is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Fellow in Linguistics at the University of Queensland, Australia. He has been Gulbenkian Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has taught in Singapore, Israel, England and USA; and has held research posts in Bellagio (Italy), Austin (Texas), Melbourne and Tokyo. His publications - in English, Israeli, Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese - include the books Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli, a Beautiful Language, Am Oved, 2008). He is currently working on two further books: (1) Language Genesis and Multiple Causation, and (2) Language, Religion and Identity. His website is http://www.zuckermann.org
Prof Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Queensland)
The aim of this lecture is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous phenomenon of multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists' mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybrid genetic and typological character.
It will be argued that Israeli - a 120 year-old language, somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. 'Modern Hebrew' - is simultaneously Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) and Indo-European
(Germanic/Slavonic/Romance): Both Hebrew (an important liturgical and literary language) and Yiddish (the revivalists' mother tongue) act as its 'primary contributors', with numerous other contributors such as Russian and Polish.
Almost all Hebrew revivalists, e.g. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (born Perelman), were native Yiddish-speakers. But they wished to speak Hebrew with Semitic grammar and pronunciation - like Arabs. However, their attempts (1) to deny their (more recent)
roots in search of Biblical ancientness, (2) negate diasporism and disown the 'weak, persecuted' exilic Jew, and (3) avoid hybridity (as reflected in Slavonized, Romance/Semitic-influenced, Germanic Yiddish itself, which they despised) failed.
Although they have engaged in a campaign for linguistic purity, the emerging Israeli language often mirrors the very components the revivalists sought to erase. Thus, the
study of Israeli casts light on the dynamics between language and culture in general, and in particular into the role of language as a source of collective self-perception.
Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle, according to which if a feature exists in more than one contributing language, it is more likely to persist in the
emerging language. This lecture will discuss multiple causation in (1) constituent order, (2) tense system, (3) copula enhancement, (4) calquing, and (5) phono-semantic
matching in Israeli. It will suggest that the reality of linguistic genesis is far more complex than a simple family tree system allows. 'Revived' languages are unlikely to
have a single parent.
Generally speaking, whereas most forms of Israeli are Semitic, many of its patterns are European. It will be proposed that (1) Whereas Hebrew was synthetic, Israeli -
following Yiddish etc. - is much more analytic; (2) Israeli is a habere language (cf. Latin habere 'to have', taking the direct object), in stark contrast to Hebrew; (3) European languages sometimes dictate the gender of Israeli coinages; (4) The (hidden) productivity and semantics of the allegedly completely Hebrew system of Israeli verbtemplates are, in fact, often European; (5) In Hebrew there was a polarity-of-gender agreement between nouns and numerals, e.g. 'éser banót 'ten girls' versus 'asar-á baním 'ten (feminine) boys'. In Israeli there is a simpler - European - system, e.g. éser banót 'ten girls', éser baním 'ten boys'; (6) Yiddish has shaped the semantics of the Israeli verbal system in the case of inchoativity; (7) The Israeli proclitics be- 'in', le- 'to' and mi-/me 'from', as well as the coordinating conjunction ve- 'and', are phonologically less dependent than in Hebrew; (8) Word-formation in Israeli abounds with European mechanisms such as portmanteau blending.
Israeli possesses distinctive socio-historical characteristics such as the lack of a continuous chain of native speakers from spoken Hebrew to Israeli, the non-Semitic mother tongues spoken by the revivalists, and the European impact on literary Hebrew. Consequently, it presents the linguist with a unique laboratory in which to examine a wider set of theoretical problems concerning language genesis and
hybridity, social issues like language vis-à-vis politics, and practical matters, e.g. whether it is possible to revive a no-longer spoken language. The multisourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity.
Further reading:
http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf
http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/new-vision.pdf
ABOUT THE SPEAKER:
Ghil'ad ZUCKERMANN, D.Phil. (Oxford), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude), is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Fellow in Linguistics at the University of Queensland, Australia. He has been Gulbenkian Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has taught in Singapore, Israel, England and USA; and has held research posts in Bellagio (Italy), Austin (Texas), Melbourne and Tokyo. His publications - in English, Israeli, Italian, Yiddish, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese - include the books Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli, a Beautiful Language, Am Oved, 2008). He is currently working on two further books: (1) Language Genesis and Multiple Causation, and (2) Language, Religion and Identity. His website is http://www.zuckermann.org
Language is an integral part of society. Wherever we come from, the words we use and the way in which we use them are fundamental to our cultural identity. In today’s increasingly globalised world, however, ‘linguicide’ – the loss of a... more
Language is an integral part of society. Wherever we come from, the words we use and the way in which we use them are fundamental to our cultural identity. In today’s increasingly globalised world, however, ‘linguicide’ – the loss of a language – is becoming all too common. But there is hope. The language revival movement has emerged as an important and effective response, and this course will introduce you to its key principles and techniques.
After discussing powerful answers to the question of why languages should be revived, we’ll investigate how. Far more than just a simple process of recovering literacy and lost letters, language revival involves a deep and complex engagement with history, human rights, identity and wellbeing. You will also learn what’s being done around the world right now, and how effective these techniques have been.
After discussing powerful answers to the question of why languages should be revived, we’ll investigate how. Far more than just a simple process of recovering literacy and lost letters, language revival involves a deep and complex engagement with history, human rights, identity and wellbeing. You will also learn what’s being done around the world right now, and how effective these techniques have been.
Research Interests: Indigenous Studies, Language revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Globalization, and 19 moreHebrew Language, Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, Popular Culture, Genomics, Biblical Studies, Australia, Culture, Applied Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics, Kaurna Language, Lingüística, Kaupapa Maori Research, Hawaiian culture, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Parnkalla, and Barngarla Reclamation
CALL FOR PAPERS AUSTRALEX Australasian Association for Lexicography Australex 2013: Endangered Words, and Signs of RevivalThe University of Adelaide, AustraliaOrganizers: Professor Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Dr Julia MillerWHEN:... more
CALL FOR PAPERS AUSTRALEX Australasian Association for Lexicography Australex 2013: Endangered Words, and Signs of RevivalThe University of Adelaide, AustraliaOrganizers: Professor Ghil‘ad Zuckermann and Dr Julia MillerWHEN: Thursday-Saturday 25-27 July 2013WHERE: The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide City Centre, AustraliaWebpage: http://www.australex.org/Deadline for Abstract Submissions: 1 December 2012Notification of Acceptance: 1 February 2013 Keynote Speakers:Dr Luise Hercus, Australian National University: A Fifty Year Perspective on Endangered Words and Revival: A Golden Jubilee?Professor Christopher Hutton, The University of Hong Kong: Reclaiming Socio-Cultural Memory: Creating a Reference Dictionary of Hong Kong Cantonese Slogans and Quotations. Focus Speakers:Professor Peter Mühlhäusler, The University of Adelaide: Producing a Dictionary for an Unfocused Language: The Case of Pitkern and Norf’k.Dr Michael Walsh, The University of Sydney: Endangered Words in the Archive: The Rio Tinto / Mitchell Library Project.Australex 2013 will feature scholarly and emotional celebrations, marking for example Dr Luise Hercus’s 50-year work on Aboriginal languages and Professor Peter Mühlhäusler’s 20-year scholarship at the University of Adelaide. On Saturday 27 July 2013 we shall explore the beauty of the Adelaide Hills.Call for PapersThe theme for Australex 2013 is ‘Endangered Words, and Signs of Revival’. Papers may address a wide range of areas associated with lexicography, lexicology, endangered languages, Revival Linguistics, semantics, endangered meanings, extinct concepts, contact linguistics, social empowerment through language, and words, culture and identity. Topics may include dictionaries in Indigenous, minority and other endangered communities, dialectal lexicons, the educational and cultural roles of dictionaries, talknological dictionaries, dictionaries and Native Tongue Title, lexical engineering, and language policy and lexicography. Papers can address controversies such as the ‘Give us authenticity or give us death’ argument and the descriptive/prescriptive debate. Other topics may include learners’ dictionaries, specialist dictionaries, phraseology, proverbs, onomastics and terminology. All welcome.If you would like to propose a panel or submit a paper or a poster, would you please email an abstract of no more than 400 words in a Word document to [email protected] by 1 December 2012. Abstracts may include up to 5 references. Notification of acceptance will be sent out BY 1 February 2013.Up to two student bursaries are available to assist full-time students from Australia and New Zealand to attend the conference and present a paper.Please see http://www.australex.org/bursary.htm for further details. Yours respectfully, Ghil'ad Professor Ghil'ad ZuckermannD.Phil. (Oxford), Ph.D. (Cambridge) (titular), M.A. (Tel Aviv) (summa cum laude) Chair of Linguistics / Endangered Languages School of HumanitiesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide SA [email protected]: +61 8 8313 5247 Mobile: +61 423 901 808 http://www.zuckermann.org/http://adelaide.academia.edu/zuckermann/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/ghilad.zuckermannhttp://www.facebook.com/ProfessorZuckermannAuthor of Revival Linguistics, Oxford University Press, forthcoming Author of Israelit Safa Yafa (Israeli - A Beautiful Language), Am Oved, 2008 http://www.zuckermann.org/israelit.html Author of Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003 http://www.zuckermann.org/enrichment.html"
Research Interests: Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Language revitalization, Contact Linguistics, Lexicology, Endangered Languages, and 14 moreAustralian history (Australia), South Asian Languages, Lexicography, Australian History, Ecolinguistics, Aboriginal History in Australia, Language death and revival, Native Title, Revival Linguistics, Language contact, Early Lutheran Missionaries, South Australia, Revivalistics, Native Tongue Title, and Revival linguistics and the new media
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Barngarla delegation heads to Canberra By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m. The first Barngarla delegation to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra, was held on February 11... more
Barngarla delegation heads to Canberra
By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m.
The first Barngarla delegation to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra, was held on February 11 to 15, 2013.
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The four Whyalla Barngarla delegates were Jeanita and Dawn Taylor, Dawneen Saunders and Malika Carter.
These delegates were joined by three Barngarla delegates from Port Augusta and four from Port Lincoln.
With national Sorry Day approaching on Sunday, May 26, the delegates recalled the importance of the trip.
The purpose of the trip was to empower the Barngarla language reclamation and to mark the fifth anniversary of Sorry Day.
Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages at the University of Adelaide Professor Ghil’ad Zuckermann arranged the trip in order to give the Barngarla delegates a unique experience and a chance to see how government is implementing policy to benefit indigenous groups
AIATSIS funded most of the excursion in order to have the Barngarla people as guests for a week long stay in February.
For most, the trip was the first time they were able to see Australia’s capital city and the good work being done by AIATSIS.
As part of the trip, AIATSIS uncovered archival material of Barngarla people from the area dating back to more than 50 years ago including photos, and even a recording of a Barngarla man speaking the Barngarla tongue.
“I wanted to introduce them to other Aboriginal communities who have been empowered linguistically by the revival of their language,” Professor Zuckermann said.
Stan Grant, Ray Kelly and Jaky Troy were just some of the Aboriginal people that the Barngarla delegation was privy to meeting.
Others were Aboriginal peoples from Canberra, rural New South Wales and the Snowy Mountain areas.
Professor Zuckermann also introduced the Barngarla delegates to linguists having some connection to the Eyre Peninsula.
One such linguist was Doctor Luise Hercus, who recorded Mooni Davis saying Barngarla words in 1960.
Zuckermann brought a CD of this recording to the Hincks Avenue and Clutterbuck Street, Gabmididi Manoo (Barngarla for ‘Learning Together’) Children and Family Centre.
“It’s a low-quality recording, but you can hear Barngarla,” Professor Zuckermann said.
Professor Zuckermann’s idea for the trip was to reconnect the Barngarla people with their language, and to connect them to linguistically-active Aboriginal people
“It was good that the fifth anniversary of the Sorry Speech by Kevin Rudd was being celebrated,” Professor Zuckermann said.
“It was a very emotional trip, in which the Barngarla members were a united people in public, coming together from Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln.”
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Professor Zuckermann recalled Jeanita Taylor was very keen to take a photo with Kevin Rudd.
Noticing this, Mr Rudd walked right up to her and took a special photo with her exclusively, rewarding the young lady for her tenacity.
In his own words saying ‘let’s take a selfie together’.
By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m.
The first Barngarla delegation to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra, was held on February 11 to 15, 2013.
See your ad here
The four Whyalla Barngarla delegates were Jeanita and Dawn Taylor, Dawneen Saunders and Malika Carter.
These delegates were joined by three Barngarla delegates from Port Augusta and four from Port Lincoln.
With national Sorry Day approaching on Sunday, May 26, the delegates recalled the importance of the trip.
The purpose of the trip was to empower the Barngarla language reclamation and to mark the fifth anniversary of Sorry Day.
Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages at the University of Adelaide Professor Ghil’ad Zuckermann arranged the trip in order to give the Barngarla delegates a unique experience and a chance to see how government is implementing policy to benefit indigenous groups
AIATSIS funded most of the excursion in order to have the Barngarla people as guests for a week long stay in February.
For most, the trip was the first time they were able to see Australia’s capital city and the good work being done by AIATSIS.
As part of the trip, AIATSIS uncovered archival material of Barngarla people from the area dating back to more than 50 years ago including photos, and even a recording of a Barngarla man speaking the Barngarla tongue.
“I wanted to introduce them to other Aboriginal communities who have been empowered linguistically by the revival of their language,” Professor Zuckermann said.
Stan Grant, Ray Kelly and Jaky Troy were just some of the Aboriginal people that the Barngarla delegation was privy to meeting.
Others were Aboriginal peoples from Canberra, rural New South Wales and the Snowy Mountain areas.
Professor Zuckermann also introduced the Barngarla delegates to linguists having some connection to the Eyre Peninsula.
One such linguist was Doctor Luise Hercus, who recorded Mooni Davis saying Barngarla words in 1960.
Zuckermann brought a CD of this recording to the Hincks Avenue and Clutterbuck Street, Gabmididi Manoo (Barngarla for ‘Learning Together’) Children and Family Centre.
“It’s a low-quality recording, but you can hear Barngarla,” Professor Zuckermann said.
Professor Zuckermann’s idea for the trip was to reconnect the Barngarla people with their language, and to connect them to linguistically-active Aboriginal people
“It was good that the fifth anniversary of the Sorry Speech by Kevin Rudd was being celebrated,” Professor Zuckermann said.
“It was a very emotional trip, in which the Barngarla members were a united people in public, coming together from Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln.”
See your ad here
Professor Zuckermann recalled Jeanita Taylor was very keen to take a photo with Kevin Rudd.
Noticing this, Mr Rudd walked right up to her and took a special photo with her exclusively, rewarding the young lady for her tenacity.
In his own words saying ‘let’s take a selfie together’.
Research Interests:
Reviving Barngarla language By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m. The Barngarla language is seeing a revival in Whyalla and the Eyre Peninsula region. See your ad here This revival has come in the form of courses that... more
Reviving Barngarla language
By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m.
The Barngarla language is seeing a revival in Whyalla and the Eyre Peninsula region.
See your ad here
This revival has come in the form of courses that have been run in Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln.
There have been six courses run across all three towns in the last year, the latest of which occurred in Whyalla on Monday, May 13 and Tuesday, May 14.
The program is the brainchild of Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages at the University of Adelaide Professor Ghil'ad Zuckermann.
Professor Zuckermann has been assisted by the Office for the Arts Indigenous Languages Support, and has collaborated with the Mobile Language Team of the University of Adelaide.
This latest course was run at the newly established Hincks Avenue and Clutterbuck Street, Gabmididi Manoo (Barngarla for "Learning Together") Children and Family Centre.
The course was attended by some local Barngarla people residing in Whyalla including resident Dawn Taylor.
Dawn brought along her daughters and her grandson to the course, in order to expose all three generations to their heritage language.
Community development coordinator Anita Taylor said it was amazing to have Professor Zuckermann helping the Barngarla people reclaim their language.
"The language has always been here, but we've not had the opportunity to wake it up," Ms Taylor said.
"The feeling of identity and excitement to be able to speak our own language is fantastic."
Language is at the centre of the course teachings, but the course is so much more.
Professor Zuckerman has been an authority on linguistics for many years and his first hand experience at helping to revive languages that have been lost, speaks volumes.
It is his firm belief, one that has been proven by other scholars in varied fields, that language is tied to many aspects of a person's wellbeing.
"Personal identity, community empowerment, cultural autonomy, spiritual, intellectual sovereignty and improved wellbeing are just some of the added benefits that come from a people being proficient in and reconnected to their language," Professor Zuckermann said.
Professor Zuckermann hopes these courses will eventually be conducted by Barngarla leaders themselves, so they can spread the language among their own communities and revive it to its full form.
As part of the reclamation course, the Barngarla language is not only being taught as it existed in its original context, but also as a living thriving entity.
Using the language rules as they are known, participants of the Whyalla Barngarla reclamation course made up a word for beanie - ganoo ganoo moona, literally translating to 'warm hat'.
They also embraced the Port Augusta coinage for internet - irbiyarnoo, a compound word consisting of irbi meaning information and yarnoo meaning net.
Professor Zuckermann's interest in the Barngarla language started in a very round about way and the journey has brought him from Oxford and Cambridge in England via Singapore, Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Adelaide all the way to Whyalla.
Professor Zuckermann has been establishing a new interdisciplinary field of enquiry called Revivalistics, including Revival Linguistics - to assist revival attempts all over the globe.
In 2011, he was also looking for a specific local language to revive.
Being based in Adelaide, he started to travel through South Australia in order to meet local indigenous people and ask about their native language.
Arriving in Port Lincoln, near Coffin Bay Professor Zuckermann began enquiring and found that the beautiful native language of the Barngarla people of Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln was subject to linguicide (language killing) and was no-longer spoken.
At the time, Professor Zuckermann had researched Australian Aboriginal languages and discovered that out of 250 languages that had once existed, only 18 (about seven percent) were now alive and kicking, spoken by all children.
Reviving languages is something that is close to Professor Zuckermann's heart, given that his mother tongue is revived Hebrew, a language that was not spoken 127 years ago.
Ms Taylor said it was a scary realisation that these languages were dying out.
"If you go back to colonisation, native cultures were almost wiped out back then, and now to have our languages taken away as well, it's taking our culture away in a different way," Ms Taylor said.
"We're not a dying race, we are still thriving and bouncing back.
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"People like this (Professor Zuckermann) are waking it up again."
If you are interested in attending a Barngarla language reclamation program, contact Anita Taylor on [email protected] or go to www.facebook.com/Barngarla.
For more information on the stories of Barngarla people that have lost their language go to www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZPjdNaLCho.
By Daniela Dean May 15, 2013, 11:30 p.m.
The Barngarla language is seeing a revival in Whyalla and the Eyre Peninsula region.
See your ad here
This revival has come in the form of courses that have been run in Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln.
There have been six courses run across all three towns in the last year, the latest of which occurred in Whyalla on Monday, May 13 and Tuesday, May 14.
The program is the brainchild of Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages at the University of Adelaide Professor Ghil'ad Zuckermann.
Professor Zuckermann has been assisted by the Office for the Arts Indigenous Languages Support, and has collaborated with the Mobile Language Team of the University of Adelaide.
This latest course was run at the newly established Hincks Avenue and Clutterbuck Street, Gabmididi Manoo (Barngarla for "Learning Together") Children and Family Centre.
The course was attended by some local Barngarla people residing in Whyalla including resident Dawn Taylor.
Dawn brought along her daughters and her grandson to the course, in order to expose all three generations to their heritage language.
Community development coordinator Anita Taylor said it was amazing to have Professor Zuckermann helping the Barngarla people reclaim their language.
"The language has always been here, but we've not had the opportunity to wake it up," Ms Taylor said.
"The feeling of identity and excitement to be able to speak our own language is fantastic."
Language is at the centre of the course teachings, but the course is so much more.
Professor Zuckerman has been an authority on linguistics for many years and his first hand experience at helping to revive languages that have been lost, speaks volumes.
It is his firm belief, one that has been proven by other scholars in varied fields, that language is tied to many aspects of a person's wellbeing.
"Personal identity, community empowerment, cultural autonomy, spiritual, intellectual sovereignty and improved wellbeing are just some of the added benefits that come from a people being proficient in and reconnected to their language," Professor Zuckermann said.
Professor Zuckermann hopes these courses will eventually be conducted by Barngarla leaders themselves, so they can spread the language among their own communities and revive it to its full form.
As part of the reclamation course, the Barngarla language is not only being taught as it existed in its original context, but also as a living thriving entity.
Using the language rules as they are known, participants of the Whyalla Barngarla reclamation course made up a word for beanie - ganoo ganoo moona, literally translating to 'warm hat'.
They also embraced the Port Augusta coinage for internet - irbiyarnoo, a compound word consisting of irbi meaning information and yarnoo meaning net.
Professor Zuckermann's interest in the Barngarla language started in a very round about way and the journey has brought him from Oxford and Cambridge in England via Singapore, Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Adelaide all the way to Whyalla.
Professor Zuckermann has been establishing a new interdisciplinary field of enquiry called Revivalistics, including Revival Linguistics - to assist revival attempts all over the globe.
In 2011, he was also looking for a specific local language to revive.
Being based in Adelaide, he started to travel through South Australia in order to meet local indigenous people and ask about their native language.
Arriving in Port Lincoln, near Coffin Bay Professor Zuckermann began enquiring and found that the beautiful native language of the Barngarla people of Whyalla, Port Augusta and Port Lincoln was subject to linguicide (language killing) and was no-longer spoken.
At the time, Professor Zuckermann had researched Australian Aboriginal languages and discovered that out of 250 languages that had once existed, only 18 (about seven percent) were now alive and kicking, spoken by all children.
Reviving languages is something that is close to Professor Zuckermann's heart, given that his mother tongue is revived Hebrew, a language that was not spoken 127 years ago.
Ms Taylor said it was a scary realisation that these languages were dying out.
"If you go back to colonisation, native cultures were almost wiped out back then, and now to have our languages taken away as well, it's taking our culture away in a different way," Ms Taylor said.
"We're not a dying race, we are still thriving and bouncing back.
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"People like this (Professor Zuckermann) are waking it up again."
If you are interested in attending a Barngarla language reclamation program, contact Anita Taylor on [email protected] or go to www.facebook.com/Barngarla.
For more information on the stories of Barngarla people that have lost their language go to www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZPjdNaLCho.
Research Interests:
http://www.sbs.com.au/news/video/29150787993/Living-Black-S18-Ep9-Linguicide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=DZPjdNaLCho
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=DZPjdNaLCho
Research Interests: Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Language revitalization, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Australian Studies, and 14 moreSociolinguistics, Applied Linguistics, Australian History, Australian Languages, Revival Linguistics, Classification, Australian Aboriginal Languages, Barngarla, Revivalistics, Language Revival, Barngarla Reclamation, Thura Yura Languages, Pama Nyungan Languages, and Pama Nyungan
Forthcoming in Vol 33, Issue 1 of Mentalities Journal
http://www.mentalitiesjournal.com/about/
http://www.mentalitiesjournal.com/about/
Research Interests: Sociology, Anthropology, Historical Anthropology, Historical Sociology, Second Language Acquisition, and 11 moreHistorical Linguistics, Hebrew Language, Indian studies, Sanskrit language and literature, Endangered Languages, Sanskrit, Israeli Hebrew, Language death and revival, India, Sanskrit Grammar and Linguistics, and Modern Yoga Studies
Our paper is an attempt to locate the ‘Spoken Sanskrit’ revival within the complex socio- political, religious, linguistic ecological context of a contemporary, globalized South Asia, and world (see Bordia 2015, Brass 2005). One of the... more
Our paper is an attempt to locate the ‘Spoken Sanskrit’ revival within the complex socio- political, religious, linguistic ecological context of a contemporary, globalized South Asia, and world (see Bordia 2015, Brass 2005). One of the key points of discussion in this paper surrounds the nomenclature used to define the varieties of Sanskrit spoken today. Simply put, for many reasons, a lot of the Sanskrit spoken today is not really the same as the archaic Vedic and Classical predecessors. Therefore, through a revivalistic lens, we explore some of the different registers of vernacular Sanskrit spoken today, and propose that they ought to, instead, be called Hybridic Reclaimed Sanskrit (henceforth, HRS).
McCartney, P. and G. Zuckermann. 2019. "Unsanitizable Yoga: Revivalistics and Hybridic Reclaimed Sanskrit." Mentalities Journal, 33(1): 1-48. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4GFN5.
http://www.mentalitiesjournal.com/ ISSN- 0111-8854
McCartney, P. and G. Zuckermann. 2019. "Unsanitizable Yoga: Revivalistics and Hybridic Reclaimed Sanskrit." Mentalities Journal, 33(1): 1-48. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4GFN5.
http://www.mentalitiesjournal.com/ ISSN- 0111-8854