Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the six piece types moves differently. The most powerful piece is the queen and the least powerful piece is the pawn. The objective is to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting their own. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.
Chess is believed to have originated in India, some time before the 7th century; the Indian game of chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of xiangqi and shogi. The pieces took on their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the rules were finally standardized in the 19th century.
Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.
The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". In these cases, the corresponding symbol is juxtaposed in the text immediately after the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?, see algebraic chess notation).
Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently. Moreover, an annotator's use of symbols is often influenced by the player's strength: a positional misjudgment that an annotator might give a "??" if played by a strong grandmaster might pass unremarked if played by a beginner.
Annotators' use of punctuation also may possibly be influenced by the result of the game (regardless of the actual quality of the move); one possible example came in the 11th game of the 1972 World Championship, when Spassky played an unexpected move, 14.Nb1, retreating the knight to its initial square. Spassky won the game, and several annotators gave the move two exclamation points. Edmar Mednis asserted that if Spassky had lost the game, the move would likely have been given two question marks instead.
Chess (Northwestern University)
Chess was a pioneering chess program from the 1970s, written by Larry Atkin and David Slate at Northwestern University. Chess ran on Control Data Corporation's line of supercomputers. Work on the program began in 1968. It dominated the first computer chess tournaments, such as the World Computer Chess Championship and ACM's North American Computer Chess Championship. Chess was the first published use of the bitboard data structure applied to the game of chess.
In 1976, Chess 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson American Chess Championship, the first time a computer was successful in a human tournament. The performance rating was 1950.
In February 1977 Chess 4.6, the only computer entry, surprised observers by winning the 84th Minnesota Open against competitors just under Master level. It achieved a USCF rating close to or at Expert, higher than previous programs' Class C or D, by winning five games and losing none. Stenberg (rated 1969) became the second Class A player to lose to a computer in a tournament game, the first being Jola.
Podcasts:
Chess
ALBUMS
- The Oscar Album released: 1992
Chess
ALBUMS
- Heart of Hip Hop: Downtempo Science released: 1998
- Cover Me released: 1994
- Follow You released: 1993
- I Need You (Curious Love) released: 1993
- Maxi Dance Sensation, Volume 9 released: 1993
- Club Cutz, Volume 4 released: 1993
- If You Leave Me Now released: 1992
- Never Change a Winning Team released: 1987
- The New Editions released:
- FM Aspen - 102.3 released:
Cover Me
Released 1994- Please Don't Go
- I Will Always Love You
- If You Leave Me Now
- Listen Up
- Bad Moon Rising
- What's Up
- I Got the Music in Me (Original Happy mix)
- All for Love
- Oh Carol!
- Run to You
- Without You
- Because the Night
- Smells Like Teen Spirit
- Baker Street
- Sleeping Satelites
- Young Hearts Run Free
- Memory (From 'Cats')
- Phantom of the Opera
Maxi Dance Sensation, Volume 9
Released 1993- Exterminate (album version)
- Open Sesame (long version)
- Only With You (dance mix)
- Run to You (12" version)
- Real Love
- What Is Love (12" mix)
- Slow and Sexy (long version)
- Took My Love (original Flavour mix)
- Temptation (Brothers in Rhythm remix edit)
- Life's a Beat (Plan B mix)
- Phorever People (Beatmasters Heavenly mix)
- Die Da!?! (maxi mix)
Club Cutz, Volume 4
Released 1993- What Is Love (12" mix)
- If You Leave Me Now (12" After Dark mix)
- Love Me the Right Way (feat. Kym Mazelle) (The Real Rapino 12" mix)
- 2 the Rhythm (Sound Factory mix)
- Don't You Want Me (Hooj mix)
- Open Your Mind (Classic mix)
- More and More (extended version)
- Do You Feel 4 Me (U 4 Ria mix)
- Happy (feat. Meja) (Full vocal Gypsy mix)
- Spy in the House (Cloak & Dagger mix)
FM Aspen - 102.3
- What Is Love
- Calm the Rage
- I'm Every Woman
- Hang on in There Baby
- Heading for a Fall
- Walking in My Shoes
- The Love of a Woman
- Tell Me What You Dream
- Walking on Broken Glass
- By the Time the Night Is Over (feat. Peabo Bryson)
- Poetry in Motion
- Goodbye
- Why Can't I Wake Up With You
- Walk Into the Wind
- I Know Why
- I Need You
Chess
ALBUMS
- Life released: 1997
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by Chess
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by Chess
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by Chess
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by Chess
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by Chess
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by Papoose
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by Chess
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by Rivers Cuomo
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by Chess
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by Pothead
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by Alphabeat
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by Weezer
Pity the Child
by: ChessPity the Child
>From the Musical Chess
When I was nine I learned survival
Taught myself not to care
I was my single good companion
Taking my comfort there
Up in my room I planned my conquests
On my own, never asked for a helping hand
No one would understand
I never asked the pair who fought below
Just in case they said no
Pity the child who has ambition
Knows what he wants to do
Knows that he'll never fit the system
Others expect him to
Pity the child who knew his parents
Saw their faults, saw their love die before his eyes
Pity the child that wise
He never asked, did I cause your distress?
Just in case they said yes
When I was twelve my father moved out
Left with a whimper not with a shout
I didn't miss him, he made it perfectly clear
I was a fool, and probably queer
Fool that I was, I thought this would bring
Those he had left closer together
She made her move the moment he crawled away
I was the last the woman told
She never let her bed get cold
Someone moved in, I shut my door
Someone to treat her just the same way as before
I took the road of least resistance
I had my game to play
I had the skill, and more - the hunger
Easy to get away
Pity the child with no such weapons
Do defence, no escape from the ties that bind
Always a step behind
I never called to tell her all I'd done
I was only her son
Pity the child but not forever
Not if he stays that way
He can get all he ever wanted
If he's prepared to pay
Pity instead the careless mother
What she missed, what she lost when she let me go
And I wonder, does she know
I wouldn't call, a crazy thing to do
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