Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update

Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2016 Jul 16;14(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x.

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries, together with a considerable prevalence of insulin resistance. Although the aetiology of the syndrome is not completely understood yet, PCOS is considered a multifactorial disorder with various genetic, endocrine and environmental abnormalities. Moreover, PCOS patients have a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and their related morbidity, if compared to the general population.

Keywords: Genetic; Hyperandrogenism; Infertility; Insulin-resistance; Metformin; Myo-inositol; Oral contraceptives; PCOS.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Epigenesis, Genetic / physiology*
  • Female
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / genetics*
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / metabolism*
  • Hirsutism / diagnosis
  • Hirsutism / genetics
  • Hirsutism / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hyperandrogenism / diagnosis
  • Hyperandrogenism / genetics
  • Hyperandrogenism / metabolism
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology
  • Obesity / diagnosis
  • Obesity / genetics
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / genetics*
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / metabolism*

Substances

  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones