Heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has been associated with intramuscular fat content in pigs. In the current study, we showed that expression of H-FABP mRNA in adipose tissue of adult pigs was 8.5% of that in heart and 30% of that in skeletal muscle, and that H-FABP mRNA level was more than 10% of that of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein mRNA in adipose tissue. Levels of H-FABP mRNA reached a maximum in adipose tissue from 7-d neonates, with no further increase in the adult. Also, H-FABP mRNA was induced during adipogenic differentiation of stromal-vascular cells derived from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, H-FABP may play a role in adipose tissue development and function in the pig.