Original Word: נֶפֶשׁ
Part of Speech: Noun Feminine
Transliteration: nephesh
Pronunciation: neh'-fesh
Phonetic Spelling: (neh'-fesh)
Definition: Soul, life, self, person, heart, creature, mind, living being
Meaning: a breathing creature, animal of, vitality

Word Origin: Derived from an unused root meaning to breathe

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G5590 ψυχή (psuchē): Often translated as "soul" or "life" in the New Testament, reflecting similar concepts of life force and inner being.

- G2222 ζωή (zōē): Refers to life, often in the context of eternal or spiritual life.

Usage: The Hebrew word "nephesh" is a multifaceted term that appears frequently in the Old Testament. It is often translated as "soul" or "life," but its usage extends to denote the essence of a person, their inner being, or life force. It can refer to the physical life of a creature, the emotional and spiritual aspects of a person, or the entirety of a living being. In some contexts, "nephesh" is used to describe desires, appetites, and emotions, reflecting the holistic view of human nature in Hebrew thought.

Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Hebrew culture, the concept of "nephesh" was integral to understanding human identity and existence. Unlike the Greek dichotomy of body and soul, the Hebrew perspective viewed humans as unified beings. "Nephesh" encapsulated the totality of a person's life and being, including their physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. This holistic view is evident in the way "nephesh" is used to describe both humans and animals as living beings with breath and vitality.

Word Origin
from an unused word
Definition
a soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion
NASB Translation
any (1), anyone (2), anyone* (1), appetite (7), being (1), beings (3), body (1), breath (1), corpse (2), creature (6), creatures (3), dead (1), dead person (2), deadly (1), death (1), defenseless* (1), desire (12), desire* (2), discontented* (1), endure* (1), feelings (1), fierce* (2), greedy* (1), heart (5), heart's (2), herself (12), Himself (4), himself (19), human (1), human being (1), hunger (1), life (146), life* (1), lifeblood* (2), lives (34), living creature (1), longing* (1), man (4), man's (1), men* (2), mind (2), Myself (3), myself (2), number (1), ones (1), others (1), ourselves (3), own (1), passion* (1), people (2), people* (1), perfume* (1), person (68), person* (1), persons (19), slave (1), some (1), soul (238), soul's (1), souls (12), strength (1), themselves (6), thirst (1), throat (2), will (1), wish (1), wishes (1), yourself (11), yourselves (13).

נֶ֫פֶשׁ₇₅₆ noun feminine^{Genesis 49:6} (so even Genesis 2:19; Numbers 31:28; 1 Kings 19:2 see Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 42} SS) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecclesiasticus 4:2(twice in verse); Ecclesiasticus 13:12; Ecclesiasticus 14:11); — ׳נ Genesis 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Genesis 37:21 +; suffix נַפְשִׁי Genesis 12:13 +; plural נְפָשׁוֺת Ezekiel 13:18 13t.; נְפָשֹׁת Exodus 12:4; Leviticus 27:2; construct נַפְשׁוֺת Genesis 36:6 4t.; נַפְשֹׁת Leviticus 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Ezekiel 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים, see Co Berthol Toy); suffix נַפְשׁוֺתָם 2 Samuel 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Numbers 17:3 +: —

1 = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man:

a. distinguished from ׃בָּשָׂר מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד בָּשָׂר Isaiah 10:18; הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר Deuteronomy 12:23; from שְׁאֵר Proverbs 11:17; from בֶּטֶן body Psalm 31:10.

b. both the inner נפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֺ עָלָיו יִכְאָ֑ב וְנַפְשׁוֺ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ Job 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth; compare Psalm 42:5; Psalm 42:7; Psalm 131:2; Job 30:16; Lamentations 3:20 [see עַל

1d], all poetical (compare 6c).

c. ׳נ departs at death and returns with life: וַיְתִי בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה Genesis 35:18 (E) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died); נָָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 15:9 she breathed out her soul, compare 1 Kings 17:21,22; Job 11:20; Job 31:39.

d. often desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: from Sh®°ôl Psalm 16:10; Psalm 30:4; Psalm 49:16; Psalm 86:13; Psalm 89:49; Proverbs 23:14; from שַׁחַת, the pit of Sh®°ôl, Isaiah 38:17; Job 33:18,22,28,30.

2 The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God's breathing נשׁמת חיים into the nostrils of its בשׂר; of man Genesis 2:7 (J); by implication of animals also Genesis 2:19 (J); so Psalm 104:29; Psalm 104:30; compare Psalm 66:9; man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, a living, breathing being Genesis 2:7 (J); elsewhere נפשׁ חיּה always of animals Genesis 1:20,24,30; Genesis 9:12,15,16 (all P), Ezekiel 47:9; so נפשׁ החיּה Genesis 1:21; Genesis 9:10 (both P), Leviticus 11:10,46 (H); נפשׁ השׁרצת Leviticus 11:46 (H); נפשׁ כל חי Job 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb ׃חיה וחיתה נפשׁ Genesis 12:13; Genesis 19:20 (both J), 1 Kings 20:32 (E), Psalm 119:175; Jeremiah 38:17,20; חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26; 1 Samuel 17:55; 1 Samuel 20:3; 1 Samuel 25:26; 2 Samuel 11:11; 2 Samuel 14:9; 2 Kings 2:2,4,6; 2 Kings 4:30 (all J E); compare ׳יְחַיֶּה נ 1 Kings 20:31 (E), Ezekiel 18:27; Psalm 22:30; also Genesis 19:19; Isaiah 55:3; Proverbs 3:22.

3 The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specified:

a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic We^{Skizzen iii. 217 G.} Jacob^{Arab. Dicht. iv. 9 f.}] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D), Deuteronomy 12:23,24 only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water; this is enlarged in H, Leviticus 17:10,11,12,14 and in P Genesis 9:4,5, compare Jeremiah 2:34.

b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2 Samuel 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10; Jonah 2:6; Psalm 69:2; Psalm 124:4; Psalm 124:5; Job 27:3.

c. נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 t., of animals Proverbs 12:10, and of man Genesis 44:30 (J); נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Exodus 21:23 (E), Leviticus 24:18 (H), 1 Kings 20:39,42; 2 Kings 10:24; נפשׁנו תחתיכם Joshua 2:14 (J); נפשׁ בנפשׁ Deuteronomy 19:21; בנפשׁ for the life of 2 Samuel 14:7; Jonah 1:14; שׂם נפשׁ בכף put life in one's own hand Judges 12:3; 1 Samuel 19:5; 1 Samuel 28:21; Job 13:14; חרף נפשׁו למות Judges 5:18 risked his life to die; בנפשׁ at the risk of life Numbers 17:3 (P), 2 Samuel 23:17 = 1 Chronicles 11:19 (twice in verse), 1 Kings 2:23; Proverbs 7:23; Lamentations 5:9; בקּשׁ נפשׁ Exodus 4:19 (J), 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 22:23 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 23:15; 1 Samuel 25:29; 2 Samuel 4:8; 2 Samuel 16:11; 1 Kings 19:10,14; Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 11:21; Jeremiah 19:7,9; Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 22:25; Jeremiah 34:20,21; Jeremiah 38:16; Jeremiah 44:30 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 46:26; Jeremiah 49:37; Psalm 35:4; Psalm 38:13; Psalm 40:15; Psalm 54:5; Psalm 63:10; Psalm 70:3; Psalm 86:14; Proverbs 29:10; ׳שׁאל נ 1 Kings 3:11 2Chronicles 1:11; 1 Kings 19:4 = Jonah 4:8; הִכָּה נפשׁ smite mortally Genesis 37:21 (J), Deuteronomy 19:6,11; Jeremiah 40:14,15; ׳לקח נ 1 Kings 19:4; Jonah 4:3; Psalm 31:14; Proverbs 1:19; הִצִּיל נֶפֶשׁ מִמָּוֶת deliver life from death Joshua 2:13; Psalm 33:19; Psalm 56:14; מלּט נפשׁ1Samuel 19:11; 2 Samuel 19:6 (4 t. in verse); 1 Kings 1:12 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 48:6; Jeremiah 51:6,45; Ezekiel 33:5; Amos 2:14,15; Psalm 89:49; Psalm 116:4; פדה ׳נ 2 Samuel 4:9; 1 Kings 1:29; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 49:16; Psalm 55:19; Psalm 71:23; ׳שׁמר נ Psalm 25:20; Psalm 97:10; Job 2:6; Proverbs 13:3; Proverbs 16:17; Proverbs 19:16; Proverbs 22:5.

4 The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself:

a. paraphrase for personal pronoun especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 t.; (1) נַפְשִׁי = me: אל תבא נפשׁי Genesis 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J); מות ישׁרים ׳תָּמֹת נ Numbers 23:10 let me die, etc. (poem); תָּמוֺת נַפְשְׁי Judges 16:30 (J); אמרה נפשׁי Lamentations 3:24 I say. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: לְאֻמִּים תַּחַת נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ Isaiah 43:4 peoples instead of thee; אָֽמְרוּ לְנַפְשֵׁךְ Isaiah 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = he: נפשׁו בטוב תלין Psalms he will not dwell in good circumstances. (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: נַפְשֵׁנוּ כְּצִמּוֺר נִמְלְטָה מִמַּח יוֺקְשִׁים Psalm 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: נַפְשָׁם בַּשְּׁבִי הָלָ֑כָה Isaiah 46:2 they are gone into captivity; אוי לנפשׁם Isaiah 3:9.

b. = reflexive, self, 53 t.: אסר על נפשׁ bind oneself Numbers 30:3; Numbers 30:5 (twice in verse); Numbers 30:6; Numbers 30:7; Numbers 30:8; Numbers 30:9; Numbers 30:10; Numbers 30:11; Numbers 30:12; ׳לְעַנֹּת נ Numbers 30:14 to afflict oneself . (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: לא אדע נפשׁי Job 9:21 I know not myself. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thyself: ׳שׁמר נ Deuteronomy 4:9 keep thyself. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = himself: ׳אהב כנ 1 Samuel 18:1,3; 1 Samuel 20:17 loved as himself. (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: ׳צדּקה נ Jeremiah 3:11 justified herself. (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: ׳הציל נ deliver themselves Isaiah 47:14; Ezekiel 14:14,20. (6) נַפְשְׁכֶם, נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם = yourselves: ׳אַלתַּֿשִּׁאוּ נ Jeremiah 37:9 deceive not yourselves, also Jeremiah 42:20; Jeremiah 44:7; ׳ענּה נ Leviticus 16:29,31; Leviticus 23:27,32; Numbers 29:7 (P); ׳נשׁמרתם לנ Deuteronomy 4:15; Joshua 23:11 (D). (7) נַפְשׁוֺתֵינוּ = ourselves: ׳על נ Jeremiah 26:19 against ourselves.

c. = person of man, individual, 144 t., first in D²; especially in H, P, and kindred writers: (1) with אָדָם: אדם ׳נ Leviticus 24:17 opposed to בהמה ׳נ Leviticus 24:18 (both H), and so אדם ׳נ human persons Numbers 31:35,40,46 (P) 1 Chronicles 5:21; Ezekiel 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם: ברכה ׳נ Proverbs 11:25 one who blesses; רְמִיָּה ׳נ Proverbs 19:15 idle person; ׳תחת נ ׳נ person in place of person, Job 16:4; כמּר ׳על נ Exodus 30:15,16; Numbers 15:28; Numbers 31:50 (all P) Leviticus 17:11 (H). (2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Deuteronomy 24:7; Deuteronomy 27:25; Proverbs 28:17; Ezekiel 18:4 (3 t. in verse); Ezekiel 33:6; elsewhere only H P: Leviticus 2:1; Leviticus 4:2,27; Leviticus 5:1,2,4,15,17; Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 7:18,20,21,25,27; Leviticus 23:29,30 (twice in verse); Numbers 5:6; Numbers 15:27,30; Numbers 19:22; Numbers 31:19,28; Numbers 35:11,15,30 (twice in verse); Joshua 20:3,9 (all P), Leviticus 17:10,12,15; Leviticus 20:6 (twice in verse); Leviticus 22:6,11 (all H); ׳נכרתה הנ הַהִוא מן that person shall be cut off from: only in Genesis 17:14; Exodus 12:15,19; Exodus 31:14; Leviticus 7:20,21,27; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 15:30,31; Numbers 19:13,20 (all P), Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 22:3 (both H). (3) נפשׁ collective for persons, in enumerations: Deuteronomy 10:22; Joshua 10:28,30,32,35,37 (twice in verse); Joshua 10:39; Joshua 11:11 (all D²) Jeremiah 43:6; Jeremiah 52:29,30 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 22:25; elsewhere only Genesis 12:5; Genesis 46:15,18,22,25,26 (twice in verse); Genesis 46:27 (twice in verse); Exodus 1:5 (twice in verse); Exodus 12:16; Numbers 31:35,40 (all P). (4) נְפָשׁוֺת persons Genesis 36:6; Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16; Numbers 19:18 (all P), Leviticus 18:29; Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:2 (all H), 2 Kings 12:5; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 14:25; Ezekiel 13:18 (3 t. in verse); Ezekiel 13:19 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 13:20 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 18:4; Ezekiel 22:27 (נפשׁים Ezekiel 13:20 see above). (5) נפשׁ = deceased person, sometimes with מֵת, נֶפֶשׁ מֵת Numbers 6:6 (P), נַפְשֹׁת מֵת (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 נֶפֶשׁ) Leviticus 21:11 (H); usually without מֵת, נפשׁ (ה)אדם Numbers 9:6,7; Numbers 19:11,13 (P); or simply נפשׁ, Leviticus 19:28; Leviticus 21:1; Leviticus 22:4 (all H) Numbers 5:2; Numbers 6:11; Numbers 9:10 (all P); elsewhere only Haggai 2:13.

5 נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.) —

a. hunger: רְעֵבָה ׳נ hungry soul Psalm 107:9; Proverbs 27:7; with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Isaiah 56:11; Isaiah 58:10; Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 7:19; Psalm 63:6; Psalm 107:9; Proverbs 13:25; Proverbs 27:7; ׳מתוק לנ Proverbs 16:24 sweet to the taste.

b. thirst: עֲיֵפָה ׳נ weary soul Proverbs 25:25; Jeremiah 31:25; כארץ עיפה ׳נ Psalm 143:6; ׳צמאה נ Psalm 42:3; Psalm 63:2.

c. appetite in General: יַקִּיפוּ עָלָיו ׳אֹיְבַי בנ Psalm 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed; הִרְחִיבָה שְׁאוֺל נַפְשָׁהּ וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Isaiah 5:14 Sh®°ôl enlarged her appetite, etc., compare Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 23:2 בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ; Ecclesiastes uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 4:8; Ecclesiastes 6:2,3,7,9; Ecclesiastes 7:28.

6 = ׳נ seat of emotions and passions (151 t.) —

a. desire: ׳אִוְּתָה נ soul desires Deuteronomy 12:20; Deuteronomy 14:26; 1 Samuel 2:16; 2 Samuel 3:21; 1 Kings 11:37; Job 23:13; Proverbs 13:4; Proverbs 21:10; Micah 7:1; ׳תַּאֲוַת נ Psalm 10:3; Isaiah 26:8; ׳אַוַּת נ Deuteronomy 12:15,20,21; Deuteronomy 18:6; 1 Samuel 23:20; Jeremiah 2:24; so also לנפשׁ according to one's desire Deuteronomy 21:14; Psalm 78:18; Jeremiah 34:16; כנפשׁ Deuteronomy 23:25; האח נפשׁנו ah, our desire Psalm 35:25; בנפשׁ at one's desire Psalm 105:22; Ezekiel 16:27; יָָֽצְאָה ׳נ בְדַבְּרוֺ Songs 5:6; ׳נשׂא נ lift up the soul, desire Deuteronomy 24:15; 2 Samuel 14:14 (read אליהם, not אלהים), Psalm 24:4; Psalm 25:1; Psalm 86:4; Psalm 143:8; Proverbs 19:8; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 44:14; Hosea 4:8.

b. abhorrence, loathing: ׳געלה נ soul abhorreth Leviticus 26:11,15,30,43 (H) Jeremiah 14:19; בחלה בי ׳וגם נ Zechariah 11:8 and their soul also fell a loathing against me.

c. sorrow and distress: ׳מרי נ bitter, gloomy, discontented of soul Judges 18:25 (E) 2 Samuel 17:8; Job 3:20; Proverbs 31:6; ׳מר נ 1 Samuel 22:2 compare Job 7:11; Job 10:1; Isaiah 38:15; Ezekiel 27:1; ׳עָֽגְמָה נ Job 30:35 grieved; ׳אגמי נ sad of soul Isaiah 19:10; ׳תבכה נ my soul shall weep Jeremiah 13:17; ירעה ׳נ his soul trembleth Isaiah 15:4; ׳צרת נ distress of soul Genesis 42:21 (E).

d. joy: תגיל ׳נ my soul rejoiceth Psalm 35:9; Isaiah 61:10; ׳שׂמּח נ rejoice the soul Psalm 86:4; also Psalm 94:19; Psalm 138:3; Proverbs 29:17.

e. love: ׳אהבה נ my soul loveth Songs 1:7; Songs 3:1,2,3,4; ׳יְדִדוּת נ darling of my soul Jeremiah 12:7; ׳ב ׳דבקה נ his soul clave unto Genesis 34:3 (J), with אחרי Psalm 63:9; חשׁקה ׳ב ׳נ soul is attached to Genesis 34:8 (P).

f. alienation, hatred, revenge: מן ׳תֵּקַע נ the soul is alienated from Jeremiah 6:8; Ezekiel 23:17,18; מן ׳נקעה נ Ezekiel 23:18,22,28; ׳שְׂנֻאי נ hated of soul 2 Samuel 5:8 (Qr); ׳שׂנאה נ Psalm 11:5; Isaiah 1:14.

g. other emotions and feelings: ׳השׁיב נ bring back soul Lamentations 1:11,19 (i.e. revive, compare with שׁוּב 1 Kings 17:21f.), hence figurative refresh, cheer, 1 Kings 17:16; Psalm 19:8; Proverbs 25:14; Ruth 4:15; ׳שׁובב נ Psalm 23:3; ׳מַחְמַל נ your souls' compassion Ezekiel 24:21; ׳קצרה נ soul was impatient Numbers 21:4 (E), Judges 10:16; Judges 16:16; Zechariah 11:8; כי ׳אאריך נ that I should prolong my patience Job 6:11 הגר ׳ידעתם אתנֿ ye know the feeling of the stranger Exodus 23:9 (R^D).

7 נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts + לבב (see

10); possibly also alone, owing to unconscious assimilation by late writers; but most, if not all, examples may be otherwise explained: נפשׁי ידעת מאד Psalm 139:14 my soul knoweth well (or I know well; compare 4a); בלא לא טוב ׳דעת נ Proverbs 19:2 that the soul be without knowledge is not good (but RVm desire without knowledge, compare 6a); ׳דעה חכמה לנ Proverbs 24:14 know wisdom for thy soul (or according to thy desire, compare6a); ׳אל תדמי בנ Esther 4:13 think not in thy soul (or in thyself, compare 4b); כמו שׁער ׳בג Proverbs 23:7 as he reckoneth in his soul (but RV in himself, compare 4b); ׳מה תאמר נ 1 Samuel 20:4 (but AV RV following ᵐ5 ἐπιθυμεῖ = תְּאַוֶּה; see 6a).

8 נפשׁ for acts of the will is dubious: אם ישׁ נפשׁכם (את) if it is your purpose Genesis 23:8 (P) 2 Kings 9:15 (or if it is your desire, 6a); ׳בחרה נ my soul chooseth Job 7:15; ׳מאנה נ my soul, refuseth Job 6:7; Psalm 77:3; חפצה ׳נ their soul delighteth in Isaiah 66:3; רצתה ׳נ my soul delighteth in Isaiah 42:1; (all perhaps emotional, 6b, d, g).

9 נפשׁ = character is still more dubious: בּוֺ ׳לאֹיָָֽֿשְׁרָה נ Habakkuk 2:4 his soul is not right in him (but ᵐ5 οὐκ εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν αὐτῷ [εὐδοκεῖ = רצתה], see

6); נַפְשִׁי לאֹ מְטֻמָּאָה Ezekiel 4:14 my soul hath not (or I have not,

4a) been polluted.

10 ׳נin D, when used with לבב, is assimilated to it, and shares with it the meanings of

7, 8, 9; and so in later writers influenced by D (unless we may think that ׳ל is used of intellect, while ׳נ is used of the feelings): thus, בכל לבב ובכל נפשׁ (see לבב): with דרשׁ Deuteronomy 4:29; 2Chronicles 15:12; עשׂה Deuteronomy 26:16; אהב Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 13:4; Deuteronomy 30:6; ידע Joshua 23:14; עבד Deuteronomy 10:12; Deuteronomy 11:13; Joshua 22:5; שׁמע בקלו Deuteronomy 30:2; שׁוב אל Deuteronomy 30:10; 1 Kings 8:48 2Chronicles 6:38; 2 Kings 23:25; שׁמר מצות 2 Kings 23:3 2Chronicles 34:31; הלך לפני1Kings 2:4; and Deuteronomy 11:18; 1 Samuel 2:35; 1 Chronicles 22:19; 1 Chronicles 28:9; Jeremiah 32:41; Psalm 13:8; Proverbs 2:10; Proverbs 24:12. Note. — In three cases is Generally found closer approach to supposed radical meaning breath: —

a. שׁמן וקטרת ישׂמח לב ומתק רעהו מעצת נפשׁ Proverbs 27:9. Ges (after Döderlein) renders a. ׳מעצת נ more than odorous trees, so later edds., even Buhl; but ᵑ9 De SS transpose) מֵעֲצַת רֵעֵהוּ ׳וּמֶתֶק נ. ᵐ5 Hi Bi ומתקרעה = the soul is rent asunder by cares. In any case נפשׁis "" לב, compare

10. b. נַפְשׁוֺ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵט Job 41:13 his breath kindleth coals (of the crocodile).The piece is one of the latest in the book; primitive meaning hardly in such a passage; context favours reference to passion or fury; perhaps below

6f, his passion or fury kindleth coals.

c. בָּתֵּי הַנֶּפֶשׁ Isaiah 3:20 perfume boxes; meaning evident from context; but not necessarily scent (breath)-boxes; may be

6a, boxes of desire, or

5, boxes exciting the sense of smell; = smelling boxes or bottles. No sufficient evidence in Biblical Hebrew, therefore, for meaning breath, odour. — See, for complete study of נֶפֶשׁ (all passages), Br^{JBL 1897,17 ff}.

any, thyself, them your-selves, slay, soul, tablet, they, thing,

From naphash; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. Animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental) -- any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire, X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they, thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW naphash

בְּ֝נֶ֗פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֗פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ בְּנֶפֶשׁ֩ בְּנַפְשִׁ֖י בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י בְּנַפְשֵׁ֙נוּ֙ בְּנַפְשָֽׁם׃ בְּנַפְשֹׁתָ֗ם בְּנַפְשֽׁוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּנַפְשֽׁוֹתֵיכֶם֒ בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ בְּנַפְשׁ֥וֹ בְּנַפְשׁוֹתָ֔ם בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְנַפְשִׁ֣י בְנַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ בְנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ בְנַפְשׁ֔וֹ בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ בְנַפְשִׁי֙ בְנַפְשׁוֹ֮ בְנַפְשׁוֹתָ֣ם בְנַפְשׁוֹתָם֙ בַּנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ בַּנֶּ֣פֶשׁ בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ בנפש בנפשו בנפשו׃ בנפשותיכם בנפשותם בנפשי בנפשך בנפשם׃ בנפשנו בנפשתם הַ֠נֶּפֶשׁ הַנְּפָשׁ֔וֹת הַנְּפָשׁ֖וֹת הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הַנְּפָשׁוֹת֙ הַנֶּ֔פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ הַנֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ הַנָּֽפֶשׁ׃ הנפש הנפש׃ הנפשות וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ וְ֭נַפְשִׁי וְהַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ וְהַנֶּ֛פֶשׁ וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ וְהַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ וְנֶ֜פֶשׁ וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ וְנֶ֨פֶשׁ וְנֶֽפֶשׁ־ וְנַפְשְׁכֶ֔ם וְנַפְשֵׁ֣נוּ וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹת וְנַפְשׁוֹ֙ וּבְנֶ֣פֶשׁ וּבְנַפְשִׁ֖י וּכְנֶ֥פֶשׁ וּנְפָשׁ֖וֹת ובנפש ובנפשי והנפש וכנפש ונפש ונפש־ ונפשו ונפשות ונפשי ונפשכם ונפשם ונפשנו כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ כְּנֶ֧פֶשׁ כְּנַפְשְׁךָ֖ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ כנפש כנפשו׃ כנפשך לְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י לְֽנַפְשְׁךָ֥ לְנֶ֖פֶשׁ לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ לְנַ֫פְשִׁ֥י לְנַ֫פְשֶׁ֥ךָ לְנַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃ לְנַפְשִׁ֑י לְנַפְשִׁ֔י לְנַפְשִׁ֗י לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃ לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔הּ לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֑ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם׃ לְנַפְשׁ֔וֹ לְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ ׀ לְנָ֑פֶשׁ לַ֝נֶּפֶשׁ לָנֶ֗פֶשׁ לָנֶ֡פֶשׁ לָנָֽפֶשׁ׃ לנפש לנפש׃ לנפשה לנפשו לנפשי לנפשי׃ לנפשך לנפשך׃ לנפשכם לנפשם לנפשם׃ לנפשתיכם לנפשתינו לנפשתם׃ מִנֶּ֥פֶשׁ מנפש נְ֭פָשׁוֹת נְפָשִׁ֖ים נְפָשֹׁ֑ת נְפָשֹׁ֖ת נְפָשׁ֑וֹת נְפָשׁ֔וֹת נְפָשׁ֖וֹת נְפָשׁ֥וֹת נְפָשׁוֹת֙ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת נֶ֔פֶשׁ נֶ֕פֶשׁ נֶ֖פֶשׁ נֶ֗פֶשׁ נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ נֶ֚פֶשׁ נֶ֛פֶשׁ נֶ֜פֶשׁ נֶ֡פֶשׁ נֶ֣פֶשׁ נֶ֤פֶשׁ נֶ֥פֶשׁ נֶ֧פֶשׁ נֶ֨פֶשׁ נֶ֭פֶשׁ נֶּ֗פֶשׁ נֶֽפֶשׁ־ נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י נַ֝פְשָׁ֗ם נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י נַ֫פְשֵׁ֥נוּ נַ֭פְשְׁךָ נַ֭פְשִׁי נַ֭פְשֵׁנוּ נַ֭פְשֹׁו נַ֭פְשׁוֹ נַפְשְׁךָ֔ נַפְשְׁךָ֖ נַפְשְׁךָ֙ נַפְשְׁךָ֛ נַפְשְׁךָ֜ נַפְשְׁךָ֥ נַפְשְׁךָ֩ נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם נַפְשְׁכֶ֔ם נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם נַפְשְׁכֶ֡ם נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ נַפְשִֽׁי׃ נַפְשִׁ֑י נַפְשִׁ֓י ׀ נַפְשִׁ֔י נַפְשִׁ֖י נַפְשִׁ֗י נַפְשִׁ֛י נַפְשִׁ֡י נַפְשִׁ֣י נַפְשִׁ֤י נַפְשִׁ֤י ׀ נַפְשִׁ֥י נַפְשִׁ֨י נַפְשִׁ֨י ׀ נַפְשִׁ֪י נַפְשִׁי֙ נַפְשִׁי֮ נַפְשֵֽׁנוּ׃ נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ נַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ נַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ נַפְשֵׁ֖נוּ נַפְשֵׁ֗נוּ נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ נַפְשֵׁ֥ךְ נַפְשֵׁ֥נוּ נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ נַפְשָֽׁהּ׃ נַפְשָֽׁם׃ נַפְשָׁ֑הּ נַפְשָׁ֑ם נַפְשָׁ֔הּ נַפְשָׁ֔ם נַפְשָׁ֖הּ נַפְשָׁ֖ם נַפְשָׁ֗ם נַפְשָׁ֛הּ נַפְשָׁ֣הּ נַפְשָׁ֥ם נַפְשָׁהּ֙ נַפְשָׁם֒ נַפְשָׁם֙ נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֜ם נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵכֶ֔ם נַפְשֹׁ֥ת נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם׃ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ נַפְשׁ֑וֹ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ נַפְשׁ֖וֹת נַפְשׁ֗וֹ נַפְשׁ֛וֹ נַפְשׁ֣וֹ נַפְשׁ֣וֹת נַפְשׁ֥וֹ נַפְשׁ֥וֹת נַפְשׁ֨וֹ נַפְשָׁהּ֙ נַפְשׁוֹ֒ נַפְשׁוֹ֙ נַפְשׁוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ נָ֑פֶשׁ נָֽפֶשׁ׃ נפש נפש־ נפש׃ נפשה נפשה׃ נפשו נפשו׃ נפשות נפשותינו׃ נפשי נפשי׃ נפשים נפשך נפשך׃ נפשכם נפשכם׃ נפשם נפשם׃ נפשנו נפשנו׃ נפשת נפשתיכם נפשתיכם׃ נפשתינו נפשתכם ban·ne·p̄eš banNefesh bannep̄eš bə·nap̄·šām bə·nap̄·šê·nū ḇə·nap̄·šêḵ bə·nap̄·šî ḇə·nap̄·šî bə·nap̄·šō·ṯām bə·nap̄·šō·w·ṯām ḇə·nap̄·šō·w·ṯām bə·nap̄·šō·w·ṯê·ḵem bə·nap̄·šōw ḇə·nap̄·šōw bə·ne·p̄eš ḇə·ne·p̄eš benafSham benafShenu benafShi benafSho benafshoTam benafshoteiChem bənap̄šām ḇənap̄šêḵ bənap̄šênū bənap̄šî ḇənap̄šî bənap̄šōṯām bənap̄šōw ḇənap̄šōw bənap̄šōwṯām ḇənap̄šōwṯām bənap̄šōwṯêḵem beneFesh bənep̄eš ḇənep̄eš han·nā·p̄eš han·nə·p̄ā·šō·wṯ han·ne·p̄eš hanNafesh hannāp̄eš hannefaShot hanNefesh hannəp̄āšōwṯ hannep̄eš kə·nap̄·šə·ḵā kə·nap̄·šōw kə·ne·p̄eš kenafsheCha kenafSho kənap̄šəḵā kənap̄šōw keNefesh kənep̄eš lā·nā·p̄eš lā·ne·p̄eš lan·ne·p̄eš laNafesh lānāp̄eš laNefesh lānep̄eš Lannefesh lannep̄eš lə·nā·p̄eš lə·nap̄·šāh lə·nap̄·šām lə·nap̄·še·ḵā lə·nap̄·šə·ḵā lə·nap̄·šə·ḵem lə·nap̄·šêḵ lə·nap̄·šî lə·nap̄·šō·ṯām lə·nap̄·šō·ṯê·ḵem lə·nap̄·šō·ṯê·nū lə·nap̄·šōw lə·ne·p̄eš leNafesh lenafShah lenafSham lenafShech lenafsheCha lenafsheChem leNafShi lenafSho lenafshoTam lenafshoteiChem lenafshoTeinu lənāp̄eš lənap̄šāh lənap̄šām lənap̄šêḵ lənap̄šeḵā lənap̄šəḵā lənap̄šəḵem lənap̄šî lənap̄šōṯām lənap̄šōṯêḵem lənap̄šōṯênū lənap̄šōw leNefesh lənep̄eš min·ne·p̄eš minNefesh minnep̄eš nā·p̄eš Nafesh nafShah nafSham nafShech nafShecha nafsheChem nafShenu nafShi nafSho nafShot nafShoteChem nafShoteiChem nafshoTeinu Nafshov nap̄·šāh nap̄·šām nap̄·še·ḵā nap̄·šə·ḵā nap̄·šə·ḵem nap̄·šê·nū nap̄·šêḵ nap̄·šî nap̄·šō·ṯê·ḵem nap̄·šō·ṯê·nū nap̄·šō·w·ṯê·nū nap̄·šō·wṯ nap̄·šōṯ nap̄·šōw nāp̄eš nap̄šāh nap̄šām nap̄šêḵ nap̄šeḵā nap̄šəḵā nap̄šəḵem nap̄šênū nap̄šî nap̄šōṯ nap̄šōṯêḵem nap̄šōṯênū nap̄šōw nap̄šōwṯ nap̄šōwṯênū nə·p̄ā·šîm nə·p̄ā·śō·wṯ nə·p̄ā·šō·wṯ nə·p̄ā·šōṯ ne·p̄eš ne·p̄eš- nefaShim nefaShot nefaSot Nefesh nəp̄āšîm nəp̄āšōṯ nəp̄āśōwṯ nəp̄āšōwṯ nep̄eš nep̄eš- ū·ḇə·nap̄·šî ū·ḇə·ne·p̄eš ū·ḵə·ne·p̄eš ū·nə·p̄ā·šō·wṯ ūḇənap̄šî ūḇənep̄eš ucheNefesh ūḵənep̄eš unefaShot ūnəp̄āšōwṯ uvenafShi uveNefesh vehanNefesh venafSham venafShech venafsheChem venafShenu venafShi venafSho venafShot venafshoTam veNefesh wə·han·ne·p̄eš wə·nap̄·šām wə·nap̄·šə·ḵem wə·nap̄·šê·nū wə·nap̄·šî wə·nap̄·šō·wṯ wə·nap̄·šōw wə·ne·p̄eš wə·ne·p̄eš- wəhannep̄eš wənap̄šām wənap̄šəḵem wənap̄šênū wənap̄šî wənap̄šōw wənap̄šōwṯ wənep̄eš wənep̄eš-Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts