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Do we owe our existence to gravitational waves?
/ Ellis, John (King's Coll. London ; CERN) ; Fields, Brian D. (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Surman, Rebecca (Notre Dame U.)
Two heavy elements essential to human biology are thought to have been produced by the astrophysical $r$-process, which occurs in neutron-rich environments: iodine is a constituent of thyroid hormones that affect many physiological processes including growth and development, body temperature and heart rate, and bromine is essential for tissue development and architecture. Collisions of neutron stars (kilonovae) have been identified as sources of $r$-process elements including tellurium, which is adjacent to iodine in the periodic table, and lanthanides. [...]
arXiv:2402.03593.-
2024-09-16 - 5 p.
- Published in : Phys. Lett. B 858 (2024) 139028
Fulltext: 2402.03593 - PDF; Publication - PDF;
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Review of particle physics
/ Particle Data Group Collaboration
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,717 new measurements from 869 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons [...]
2024 - 2382 p.
- Published in : Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 030001
Fulltext: PDF;
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3.
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Could a Kilonova Kill: a Threat Assessment
/ Perkins, Haille M.L. ; Ellis, John ; Fields, Brian D. ; Hartmann, Dieter H. ; Liu, Zhenghai ; McLaughlin, Gail C. ; Surman, Rebecca ; Wang, Xilu
Binary neutron star mergers (BNS) produce high-energy emissions from several physically different sources, including a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and its afterglow, a kilonova, and, at late times, a remnant many parsecs in size. Ionizing radiation from these sources can be dangerous for life on Earth-like planets when located too close. [...]
arXiv:2310.11627; KCL-PH-TH/2023-55; CERN-TH-2023-190.-
2024-01-24 - 21 p.
- Published in : Astrophys. J. 961 (2024) 170
Fulltext: 2310.11627 - PDF; document - PDF;
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4.
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10.1093/ptep/ptac097
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Supernova Dust Evolution Probed by Deep-sea $^{60}$Fe Time History
/ Ertel, Adrienne F. (Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept. ; Illinois U., Urbana (main)) ; Fry, Brian J. (U.S. Air Force Academy) ; Fields, Brian D. (Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept. ; Illinois U., Urbana (main) ; Illinois U., Urbana) ; Ellis, John (King's Coll. London ; NICPB, Tallinn ; CERN)
There is a wealth of data on live, undecayed 60Fe ($t_{1/2} = 2.6 \ \rm Myr$) in deep-sea deposits, the lunar regolith, cosmic rays, and Antarctic snow, which is interpreted as originating from the recent explosions of at least two near-Earth supernovae. We use the 60Fe profiles in deep-sea sediments to estimate the timescale of supernova debris deposition beginning $\sim 3$ Myr ago. [...]
arXiv:2206.06464; KCL-PH-TH/2022-27; CERN-TH-2022-084.-
2023-04-20 - 42 p.
- Published in : Astrophys. J. 947 (2023) 58
Fulltext: 2206.06464 - PDF; document - PDF;
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Proposed Lunar Measurements of $r$-Process Radioisotopes to Distinguish Origin of Deep-sea $^{244}$Pu
/ Wang, Xilu (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; UC, Berkeley ; Notre Dame U.) ; Clark, Adam M. (Notre Dame U.) ; Ellis, John (King's Coll. London ; NICPB, Tallinn ; CERN) ; Ertel, Adrienne F. (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Fields, Brian D. (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Fry, Brian J. (AFIT, Ohio) ; Liu, Zhenghai (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Miller, Jesse A. (Illinois U., Urbana ; Boston U.) ; Surman, Rebecca (Notre Dame U.)
$^{244}$Pu has recently been discovered in deep-sea deposits spanning the past 10 Myr, a period that includes two $^{60}$Fe pulses from nearby supernovae. $^{244}$Pu is among the heaviest $r$-process products, and we consider whether it was created in the supernovae, which is disfavored by nucleosynthesis simulations, or in an earlier kilonova event that seeded $^{244}$Pu in the nearby interstellar medium that was subsequently swept up by the supernova debris. [...]
arXiv:2112.09607; KCL-PH-TH/2021-91; CERN-TH-2021-208; N3AS-21-017.-
2023-05-12 - 13 p.
- Published in : Astrophysics 948 (2023) 113
Fulltext: 2112.09607 - PDF; Publication - PDF;
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7.
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r-Process Radioisotopes from Near-Earth Supernovae and Kilonovae
/ Wang (王夕露), Xilu ; Clark, Adam M. ; Ellis, John ; Ertel, Adrienne F. ; Fields, Brian D. ; Fry, Brian J. ; Liu, Zhenghai ; Miller, Jesse A. ; Surman, Rebecca
The astrophysical sites where r-process elements are synthesized remain mysterious: it is clear that neutron star mergers (kilonovae (KNe)) contribute, and some classes of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are also likely sources of at least the lighter r-process species. The discovery of 60Fe on the Earth and Moon implies that one or more astrophysical explosions have occurred near the Earth within the last few million years, probably SNe. [...]
arXiv:2105.05178; KCL-PH-TH/2021-03; CERN-TH-2021-014; N3AS-21-007.-
2021-12-23 - 45 p.
- Published in : Astrophys. J. 923 (2021) 219
Fulltext: PDF;
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Supernova Triggers for End-Devonian Extinctions
/ Fields, Brian D. (Illinois U., Urbana (main) ; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept. ; Illinois U., Urbana) ; Melott, Adrian L. (Kansas U.) ; Ellis, John (King's Coll. London ; CERN ; NICPB, Tallinn) ; Ertel, Adrienne F. ; Fry, Brian J. (U.S. Air Force Academy) ; Lieberman, Bruce S. (U. Kansas, Lawrence) ; Liu, Zhenghai (Illinois U., Urbana (main) ; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.) ; Miller, Jesse A. (Illinois U., Urbana (main) ; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.) ; Thomas, Brian C. (Washburn U.)
The Late Devonian was a protracted period of low speciation resulting in biodiversity decline, culminating in extinction events near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Recent evidence indicates that the final extinction event may have coincided with a dramatic drop in stratospheric ozone, possibly due to a global temperature rise. [...]
arXiv:2007.01887; CERN-TH-2020-102; CERN-TH-2020-102.-
2020-09-01 - 3 p.
- Published in : Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117 (2020) 21008–21010
Fulltext: PDF; Fulltext from publisher: PDF;
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9.
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10.1093/ptep/ptaa104
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10.
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Near-Earth Supernova Explosions: Evidence, Implications, and Opportunities
/ Fields, Brian D. (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Ellis, John R. (King's Coll. London) ; Binns, Walter R. (Washington U., St. Louis) ; Breitschwerdt, Dieter (Helmholtz-Zentrum, Berlin) ; deNolfo, Georgia A. (NASA, Goddard) ; Diehl, Roland (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. (Chicago U.) ; Ertel, Adrienne (Illinois U., Urbana) ; Faestermann, Thomas (Tech. U., Munich (main)) ; Feige, Jenny (Helmholtz-Zentrum, Berlin) et al.
There is now solid experimental evidence of at least one supernova explosion within 100 pc of Earth within the last few million years, from measurements of the short-lived isotope 60Fe in widespread deep-ocean samples, as well as in the lunar regolith and cosmic rays. [...]
arXiv:1903.04589.
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11 p.
Fulltext
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