CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number	LHC-Project-Report-848 ; CERN-LHC-Project-Report-848
Title	Ions for LHC : Beam Physics and Engineering Challenges
Author(s)	Maury, Stephan (CERN) ; Angoletta, Maria Elena ; Baggiolini, Vito ; Beuret, Andre ; Blas, Alfred ; Borburgh, Jan ; Braun, Hans Heinrich ; Carli, Christian ; Chanel, Michel ; Fowler, Tony ; Gilardoni, S S ; Gourber-Pace, Marine ; Hancock, Steven ; Hill, Charles E ; Hourican, Michael ; Jowett, John M ; Kahle, Karsten ; Kuchler, Detlef ; Mahner, Edgar ; Manglunki, Django ; Martini, Michel ; Paoluzzi, Mauro M ; Pasternak, Jaroslaw ; Pedersen, Flemming ; Raich, Uli ; Rossi, Carlo ; Royer, Jean Pierre ; Schindl, Karlheinz ; Scrivens, Richard ; Sermeus, Luc ; Shaposhnikova, Elena ; Tranquille, Gerard ; Vretenar, Maurizio ; Zickler, Thomas
Affiliation	(CERN)
Publication	2005
Imprint	01 Aug 2005
Number of pages	4
In:	21st IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA, 16 - 20 May 2005, pp.946
DOI	10.1109/PAC.2005.1590620
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN LHC
Abstract	The first phase of the heavy ion physics program at the LHC aims to provide lead-lead collisions at energies of 5.5 TeV per colliding nucleon pair and ion-ion luminosity of 1027 cm-2s-1. The transformation of CERN’s ion injector complex (Linac3-LEIR-PS-SPS) presents a number of beam physics and engineering challenges, which are described in this paper. In the LHC itself, there are fundamental performance limitations due to various beam loss mechanisms. To study these without risk of damage there will be an initial period of operation with a reduced number of nominal intensity bunches. While reducing the work required to commission the LHC with ions in 2008, this will still enable early physics discoveries.
Copyright/License	publication: (License: CC-BY)

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