CERN Accelerating science

Article
Title	Large-aperture Nb$_{3}$Sn quadrupoles for $2^{nd}$ generation LHC IRs
Author(s)	Zlobin, A V ; Barzi, E ; Chichili, D R ; Huang Yu ; Kashikhin, V V ; Lamm, M J ; Limon, P J ; Mokhov, N V ; Novitski, I ; Peterson, T ; Strait, J B ; Yadav, S
Affiliation	(Fermi Nat Accel Lab, USA)
Publication	2002
In:	8th European Particle Accelerator Conference, Paris, France, 3 - 7 Jun 2002, pp.2451-3
Subject category	Engineering
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN LHC
Abstract	The 1/sup st/ generation of low-beta quadrupoles for the LHC interaction region (IR) was designed to achieve the nominal LHC luminosity of 10/sup 34/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. Given that the lifetime of the 1/sup st/ generation IR quadrupoles is limited by ionizing radiation to 6-7 years, the 2/sup nd/ generation of IR quadrupoles has to be developed with the goal to achieve the ultimate luminosity up to 10/sup 35/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. The IR quadrupole parameters such as nominal gradient, dynamic aperture and physical aperture, operation margins are the main factors limiting the machine performance. Conceptual designs of 90-mm aperture high-gradient quadrupoles, suitable for use in 2/sup nd/ generation high-luminosity LHC IRs with the similar optics, are presented. The issues related to the field gradient, field quality and operation margins are discussed. (5 refs).