CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number	hep-ph/0102045 ; KEK-TH-741 ; CERN-TH-2001-022 ; YITP-01-04 ; CERN-TH-2001-022 ; KEK-TH-741 ; YITP-2001-4
Title	The fate of the B ball
Related title	B-BALL
Author(s)	Hisano, Junji (KEK, Tsukuba ; CERN) ; Nojiri, Mihoko M. (Kyoto U., Yukawa Inst., Kyoto) ; Okada, Nobuchika (KEK, Tsukuba)
Affiliation	(CERN) ; (KEK, Ibaraki, Japan) ; (YITP, Kyoto, Japan)
Publication	2001
Imprint	5 Feb 2001
Number of pages	27
In:	Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 023511/1-11
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevD.64.023511
Subject category	Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract	The gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking (GMSB) model needs entropy production at a relatively low temperature in the thermal history of the Universe for the unwanted relics to be diluted. This requires a mechanism for the baryogenesis after the entropy production, and the Affleck and Dine (AD) mechanism is a promising candidate for it. The AD baryogenesis in the GMSB model predicts the existence of the baryonic Q ball, that is the B ball, and this may work as the dark matter in the Universe. In this article, we discuss the stability of the B ball in th presence of baryon-number violating interactions. We find that the evaporation rate increases monotonically with the B-ball charge because the large field value inside the B ball enhances the effect of the baryon-number-violating operators. While there are some difficulties to evaluate the evaporation rate of the B ball, we derive the evaporation time (lifetime) of the B ball for the mass-to-charge ratio $\omega_0\gsim 100 \MEV$. The lifetime of the B ball and the distortion of the cosmic ray positron flux and the cosmic background radiation from the B ball evaporation give constraints on the baryon number of the B ball and the interaction, if the B ball is the dark matter. We also discuss some unresolved properties of the B ball.

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