APS : Orders of Magnitude Improved Cyclotron-Mode Cooling for Nondestructive Spin Quantum Transition Spectroscopy with Single Trapped Antiprotons

Latacz, B.M.; Mooser, A.; Fleck, M.; Quint, W.; Schweitzer, D.; Ulmer, S.; Micke, P.; Soter, A.; Arndt, B.P.; Wiesinger, M.; Ospelkaus, C.; Yildiz, H.; Wursten, E.J.; Umbrazunas, G.; Jaeger, J.I.; Devlin, J.A.; Matsuda, Y.; Walz, J.; Smorra, C.; Blaum, K.; Erlewein, S.R.; Abbass, F.; Yamazaki, Y.; Will, C.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.053201

Article
Report number	arXiv:2404.07928
Title	Orders of Magnitude Improved Cyclotron-Mode Cooling for Nondestructive Spin Quantum Transition Spectroscopy with Single Trapped Antiprotons
Author(s)	Latacz, B.M. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; CERN) ; Fleck, M. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Jaeger, J.I. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; CERN ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Umbrazunas, G. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; ETH, Zurich (main)) ; Arndt, B.P. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst. ; Darmstadt, GSI) ; Erlewein, S.R. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Wursten, E.J. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN) ; Devlin, J.A. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; CERN) ; Micke, P. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; CERN ; Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Abbass, F. (Mainz U., Inst. Phys.) ; Schweitzer, D. (Mainz U., Inst. Phys.) ; Wiesinger, M. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Will, C. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Yildiz, H. (Mainz U., Inst. Phys.) ; Blaum, K. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Matsuda, Y. (Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Mooser, A. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ospelkaus, C. (Braunschweig, Phys. Tech. Bund. ; Leibniz U., Hannover) ; Smorra, C. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; Mainz U., Inst. Phys.) ; Soter, A. (ETH, Zurich (main)) ; Quint, W. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Walz, J. (Mainz U., Inst. Phys.) ; Yamazaki, Y. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN) ; Ulmer, S. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN ; Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf)
Publication	2024-08-01
Imprint	2024-04-11
Number of pages	6
In:	Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 (2024) 053201
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.053201 (publication)
Subject category	physics.atom-ph ; Other Fields of Physics
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN BASE
Abstract	We demonstrate efficient sub-thermal cooling of the modified cyclotron mode of a single trapped antiproton and reach particle temperatures $T_+=E_+/k_\text{B}$ below $200\,$mK in preparation times shorter than $500\,$s. This corresponds to the fastest resistive single-particle cyclotron cooling to sub-thermal temperatures ever demonstrated. By cooling trapped particles to such low energies, we demonstrate the detection of antiproton spin transitions with an error-rate $<0.000025$, more than three orders of magnitude better than in previous best experiments. This method will have enormous impact on multi-Penning-trap experiments that measure magnetic moments with single nuclear spins for tests of matter/antimatter symmetry, high-precision mass-spectrometry, and measurements of electron $g$-factors bound to highly-charged ions that test quantum electrodynamics.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0) publication: Published by the American Physical Society (License: CC BY 4.0)

$a.) Double trap system, consisting of a cooling trap (CT) and an analysis trap (AT), with a superimposed magnetic bottle with a strength of $B_{2,\text{AT}}=266(8)\,$kT/m$^2$. The CT is equipped with a resonant cooling resistor to thermalize the modified cyclotron mode. To the end-cap electrode of the AT an $Q\approx21\,500$ superconducting detection system at 657$\,$kHz is connected. b.) magnetic field in the center of the AT. c.) Comparison of cooling time constants for different trap experiments. Our experiment is operated at $\tau_{+,\text{CT}}\approx4.5\,$s, more than 10 times faster than other state-of-the-art trap experiments.$ $Flow-chart of the sub-thermal cooling protocol that is described in detail in the text. We cycle frequency measurements, particle transports, and particle thermalization in the CT until a threshold energy $E_{+,\text{th}}$ is reached. For energies $E_+<E_{+,\text{th}}$ the sequence is stopped. a.) illustrates axial resonator spectra, the peak features are signatures of particles at different $E_+$. b.) illustrates the measured trap-to-trap transport scatter, which is for AT$\rightarrow$CT$\rightarrow$AT at 20 cyclotron quanta per attempt.$

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