Springer : Transverse Emittance Reduction in Muon Beams by Ionization Cooling

Bogomilov, M.; Booth, C.N.; Hanlet, P.; Owens, P.; Collomb, N.; Mullacrane, I.; Pidcott, C.; Kuno, Y.; Sung, C.K.; Macwaters, C.; Oates, A.; Kyberd, P.; Mazza, R.; Gamet, R.; White, C.; Sanders, D.A.; Popovic, M.; Snopok, P.; Jovancevic, N.; Dumbell, K.; Brown, C.; Hunt, C.; Kaplan, D.M.; Long, K.; Gourlay, S.; Chatzitheodoridis, G.T.; Nebrensky, J.J.; Dobbs, A.; Savic, M.; DeMello, A.; Nikolov, J.; Whyte, C.G.; Chignoli, F.; Cooke, P.; Hanson, G.G.; Wilbur, S.; Nichols, A.; Chung, M.; Rogers, C.; Boehm, J.; Witte, H.; Preece, R.; Bradshaw, T.W.; Griffiths, S.; Stanley, T.; Muir, A.; Martyniak, J.; Middleton, S.; Govans, J.; Warburton, P.; Tsenov, R.; Fedorov, M.; Prestemon, S.; Jurj, P.B.; Bross, A.D.; Nugent, J.C.; Lord, T.; Hodgson, P.; Hayler, T.; Wilson, A.; Cremaldi, L.M.; Gardener, R.B. S.; Soler, F.J. P.; Greis, J.R.; Kurup, A.; Hills, M.; Drielsma, F.; Maletic, D.; Luo, T.; Stokes, G.; Ronald, K.; Boyd, S.; Ricciardi, S.; Vretenar, M.; Asfandiyarov, R.; Sato, A.; Rubinov, P.; Overton, E.; Tucker, M.; Bertoni, R.; Blackmore, V.J.; Tortora, L.; Blondel, A.; Charnley, G.; Sakamoto, H.; Gallagher, A.; Mohayai, T.A.; Heidt, C.; Freemire, B.; de Bari, A.; Young, A.R.; Langlands, J.; Bayes, R.; Taylor, I.; Ishimoto, S.; Courthold, M.; Lambert, A.; Virostek, S.; Pec, V.; Pasternak, J.; Adey, D.; Filthaut, F.; Lagrange, J.B.; Colling, D.; Vankova-Kirilova, G.; Torun, Y.; Adams, D.; Moss, A.; Watson, S.; Uchida, M.A.; Ellis, M.; Dick, A.J.; Coney, L.R.; Dornan, P.; Bayliss, V.; Martlew, B.; Liu, A.; Rajaram, D.; Hartnett, T.; Bonesini, M.; Li, Z.H.; Franchini, P.; Song, Y.P.; Smith, P.J.; Cobb, J.H.; Tang, J.Y.; Karadzhov, Y.; Tarrant, J.; Ramberger, S.; Palmer, M.; Grant, A.; Bowring, D.; Orestano, D.; Neuffer, D.; Li, D.; Jokovic, D.

doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02616-8

Article
Report number	arXiv:2310.05669 ; STFC-P-2023-004 ; FERMILAB-PUB-23-613-AD-ND-PPD
Title	Transverse Emittance Reduction in Muon Beams by Ionization Cooling
Related title	Publisher Correction: Transverse emittance reduction in muon beams by ionization cooling [doi: 10.1038/s41567-024-02547-4]
Author(s)	Bogomilov, M. (Sofiya U.) ; Tsenov, R. (Sofiya U.) ; Vankova-Kirilova, G. (Sofiya U.) ; Song, Y.P. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Tang, J.Y. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Li, Z.H. (Sichuan U.) ; Bertoni, R. (CERN ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Bonesini, M. (CERN ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Chignoli, F. (CERN ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Mazza, R. (CERN ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; de Bari, A. (Pavia U.) ; Orestano, D. (Rome III U.) ; Tortora, L. (Rome III U.) ; Kuno, Y. (Osaka U.) ; Sakamoto, H. (Osaka U. ; RIKEN (main)) ; Sato, A. (Osaka U.) ; Ishimoto, S. (KEK, Tsukuba) ; Chung, M. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Sung, C.K. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Filthaut, F. (NIKHEF, Amsterdam ; Nijmegen U.) ; Fedorov, M. (Nijmegen U.) ; Jokovic, D. (Belgrade, Inst. Phys.) ; Maletic, D. (Belgrade, Inst. Phys.) ; Savic, M. (Belgrade, Inst. Phys.) ; Jovancevic, N. (Novi Sad U.) ; Nikolov, J. (Novi Sad U.) ; Vretenar, M. (CERN) ; Ramberger, S. (CERN) ; Asfandiyarov, R. (Geneva U.) ; Blondel, A. (Geneva U.) ; Drielsma, F. (Geneva U. ; SLAC) ; Karadzhov, Y. (Geneva U.) ; Boyd, S. (Warwick U.) ; Greis, J.R. (Warwick U. ; TUM-IAS, Munich) ; Lord, T. (Warwick U. ; Royal Holloway, U. of London) ; Pidcott, C. (Warwick U. ; Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Taylor, I. (Warwick U. ; DSTO, Salisbury) ; Charnley, G. (Daresbury) ; Collomb, N. (Daresbury) ; Dumbell, K. (Daresbury) ; Gallagher, A. (Daresbury) ; Grant, A. (Daresbury) ; Griffiths, S. (Daresbury) ; Hartnett, T. (Daresbury) ; Martlew, B. (Daresbury) ; Moss, A. (Daresbury) ; Muir, A. (Daresbury) ; Mullacrane, I. (Daresbury) ; Oates, A. (Daresbury) ; Owens, P. (Daresbury) ; Stokes, G. (Daresbury) ; Warburton, P. (Daresbury) ; White, C. (Daresbury) ; Adams, D. (Rutherford) ; Bayliss, V. (Rutherford) ; Boehm, J. (Rutherford) ; Bradshaw, T.W. (Rutherford) ; Brown, C. (Rutherford ; Brunel U.) ; Courthold, M. (Rutherford) ; Govans, J. (Rutherford) ; Hayler, T. (Rutherford) ; Hills, M. (Rutherford) ; Lagrange, J.B. (Rutherford) ; Macwaters, C. (Rutherford) ; Nichols, A. (Rutherford) ; Preece, R. (Rutherford) ; Ricciardi, S. (Rutherford) ; Rogers, C. (Rutherford) ; Stanley, T. (Rutherford) ; Tarrant, J. (Rutherford) ; Tucker, M. (Rutherford) ; Watson, S. (Rutherford ; Edinburgh U., Inst. Astron.) ; Wilson, A. (Rutherford) ; Bayes, R. (Glasgow U. ; Laurentian U.) ; Nugent, J.C. (Glasgow U.) ; Soler, F.J. P. (Glasgow U.) ; Chatzitheodoridis, G.T. (Glasgow U. ; Strathclyde U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Dick, A.J. (Strathclyde U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Ronald, K. (Strathclyde U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Whyte, C.G. (Strathclyde U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Young, A.R. (Strathclyde U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Gamet, R. (Liverpool U.) ; Cooke, P. (Liverpool U.) ; Blackmore, V.J. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Colling, D. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Dobbs, A. (Imperial Coll., London ; Vector Fields Ltd., Oxford) ; Dornan, P. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Franchini, P. (Imperial Coll., London ; Royal Holloway, U. of London) ; Hunt, C. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Jurj, P.B. (Rutherford ; Imperial Coll., London) ; Kurup, A. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Long, K. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Martyniak, J. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Middleton, S. (Imperial Coll., London ; MIT, LNS) ; Pasternak, J. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Uchida, M.A. (Imperial Coll., London ; Cambridge U.) ; Cobb, J.H. (Oxford U.) ; Booth, C.N. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Hodgson, P. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Langlands, J. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Overton, E. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted ; Imperial Coll., London) ; Pec, V. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Smith, P.J. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Wilbur, S. (Sheffield U. ; Unlisted) ; Ellis, M. (Brunel U. ; Macquarie U.) ; Gardener, R.B. S. (Brunel U.) ; Kyberd, P. (Brunel U.) ; Nebrensky, J.J. (Brunel U. ; UKAEA, Culham) ; DeMello, A. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Gourlay, S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Lambert, A. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Li, D. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Luo, T. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Prestemon, S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Virostek, S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Palmer, M. (Brookhaven Natl. Lab.) ; Witte, H. (Brookhaven Natl. Lab.) ; Adey, D. (Fermilab ; Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Bross, A.D. (Fermilab) ; Bowring, D. (Fermilab) ; Liu, A. (Fermilab ; Euclid Techlabs, Solon) ; Neuffer, D. (Fermilab) ; Popovic, M. (Fermilab) ; Rubinov, P. (Fermilab) ; Freemire, B. (IIT, Chicago ; Euclid Techlabs, Solon) ; Hanlet, P. (IIT, Chicago ; Fermilab) ; Kaplan, D.M. (IIT, Chicago) ; Mohayai, T.A. (IIT, Chicago ; Indiana U.) ; Rajaram, D. (IIT, Chicago ; Michigan U.) ; Snopok, P. (IIT, Chicago) ; Torun, Y. (IIT, Chicago) ; Cremaldi, L.M. (Mississippi U.) ; Sanders, D.A. (Mississippi U.) ; Coney, L.R. (UC, Riverside ; ESS, Lund) ; Hanson, G.G. (UC, Riverside) ; Heidt, C. (UC, Riverside ; TUM-IAS, Munich) MICE Collaboration Mostrar todos los 136 autores
Publication	2024-07-17
Imprint	2023-10-09
Number of pages	6
In:	Nature Phys. 20, 10 (2024) pp.1687 Nature Phys. 20, 10 (2024) pp.1558-1563
DOI	10.1038/s41567-024-02616-8 (erratum) 10.1038/s41567-024-02547-4 (publication)
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; physics.acc-ph ; Accelerators and Storage Rings
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	MICE
Abstract	Accelerated muon beams have been considered for next-generation studies of high-energy lepton-antilepton collisions and neutrino oscillations. However, high-brightness muon beams have not yet been produced. The main challenge for muon acceleration and storage stems from the large phase-space volume occupied by the beam, derived from the muon production mechanism through the decay of pions from proton collisions. Ionization cooling is the technique proposed to decrease the muon beam phase-space volume. Here we demonstrate a clear signal of ionization cooling through the observation of transverse emittance reduction in beams that traverse lithium hydride or liquid hydrogen absorbers in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). The measurement is well reproduced by the simulation of the experiment and the theoretical model. The results shown here represent a substantial advance towards the realization of muon-based facilities that could operate at the energy and intensity frontiers.
Copyright/License	erratum: © 2024-2025 The Author(s) (License: CC-BY-4.0) publication: © 2024-2025 The Author(s) (License: CC-BY-4.0) preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0)

$Simulated evolution of the transverse betatron function, $\beta_\perp$, through the cooling channel containing the full liquid hydrogen vessel for the (black) parent beam and the (dark cyan) matched subsample. The corresponding lines represent the simulation truth, while the circles and squares at the (vertical blue lines) tracker stations represent the reconstructed simulation. The thick vertical blue line marks the central position of the absorber.$ $Emittance change between the upstream and the downstream tracker reference planes as a function of emittance at the upstream tracker (TKU), for 140 $\mathrm{MeV/c}$ beams crossing (top) the lithium hydride and (bottom) the liquid hydrogen MICE absorbers. Results for the empty cases, `No absorber' and `Empty LH$_2$', are also shown. The measured effect is shown in blue, while the simulation is shown in red. The statistical uncertainty is indicated by the error bars, while the total uncertainty is shown by the semi-transparent fill. The solid lines represent the approximate theoretical model defined by equation \ref{eq:theo_cool} (see Methods section) for the (light blue) absorber and (light pink) empty cases.$ Show more plots

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