arXiv : Measurement of the Principal Quantum Number Distribution in a Beam of Antihydrogen Atoms

Kolbinger, B.; Tajima, M.; Simon, M.C.; Fleck, M.; Murtagh, D.J.; Costantini, G.; Wolz, T.; Breuker, H.; Venturelli, L.; Capon, A.; Zmeskal, J.; Widmann, E.; Wiesinger, M.; Gligorova, A.; Lanz, A.; Sauerzopf, C.; Higaki, H.; Nowak, L.; Cuendis, S. Arguedas; Kanai, Y.; Nagata, Y.; Ulmer, S.; Mascagna, V.; Matsuda, Y.; Weiser, A.; Kuroda, N.; Leali, M.; Amsler, C.; Massiczek, O.; Kletzl, V.; Dupré, P.; Malbrunot, C.; Torii, H.A.; Radics, B.; Uggerhøj, U.; Yamazaki, Y.; Mäckel, V.; Nanda, A.

doi:10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00101-y

Article
Report number	arXiv:2008.04246
Title	Measurement of the Principal Quantum Number Distribution in a Beam of Antihydrogen Atoms
Author(s)	Kolbinger, B. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys. ; CERN) ; Amsler, C. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Cuendis, S. Arguedas (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys. ; CERN) ; Breuker, H. (RIKEN (main)) ; Capon, A. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Costantini, G. (U. Brescia ; INFN, Pavia) ; Dupré, P. (RIKEN (main)) ; Fleck, M. (Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Gligorova, A. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Higaki, H. (Hiroshima U. (main)) ; Kanai, Y. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN) ; Kletzl, V. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Kuroda, N. (Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Lanz, A. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Leali, M. (U. Brescia ; INFN, Pavia) ; Mäckel, V. (RIKEN (main)) ; Malbrunot, C. (CERN) ; Mascagna, V. (INFN, Pavia ; Insubria U., Como) ; Massiczek, O. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Matsuda, Y. (Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Murtagh, D.J. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Nagata, Y. (Tokyo U. of Sci.) ; Nanda, A. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Nowak, L. (CERN) ; Radics, B. (RIKEN (main)) ; Sauerzopf, C. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Simon, M.C. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Tajima, M. (Nishina Ctr., RIKEN) ; Torii, H.A. (Tokyo U., Komaba) ; Uggerhøj, U. (Aarhus U.) ; Ulmer, S. (RIKEN (main)) ; Venturelli, L. (U. Brescia ; INFN, Pavia) ; Weiser, A. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Wiesinger, M. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Widmann, E. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.) ; Wolz, T. (CERN) ; Yamazaki, Y. (RIKEN (main)) ; Zmeskal, J. (Stefan Meyer Inst. Subatomare Phys.)
Publication	2021-03-08
Imprint	2020-08-10
Number of pages	14
Note	18 pages, 10 figures
In:	Eur. Phys. J. D 75 (2021) 91
DOI	10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00101-y
Subject category	physics.atom-ph ; Other Fields of Physics
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN AD ; ASACUSA AD-3
Abstract	The ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) collaboration plans to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen in a beam at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator with initial relative precision of 10-6 or better, to test the fundamental CPT (combination of charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal) symmetry between matter and antimatter. This challenging goal requires a polarised antihydrogen beam with a sufficient number of antihydrogen atoms in the ground state. The first measurement of the quantum state distribution of antihydrogen atoms in a low magnetic field environment of a few mT is described. Furthermore, the data-driven machine learning analysis to identify antihydrogen events is discussed.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0) publication: © 2021-2024 The Author(s) (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Left: Breit-Rabi diagram showing the magnetic field dependence of the four hyperfine states of ground-state antihydrogen, as well as the two accessible transitions in ASACUSA ($\pi_1$ and $\sigma_1$). Right: sketch of the apparatus to measure the hyperfine structure of antihydrogen. Positrons are drawn in red, antiprotons in blue. The synthesised antihydrogen beam is marked in purple. Light purple shows high-field seekers (HFS) and dark purple the low-field seeking (LFS) component of the beam. The grey lines indicate the magnetic field lines of the double-Cusp magnet.$ $Longitudinal cut through of the double-Cusp trap (top), and electric potential (bottom) and on-axis magnetic field configuration (bottom). The multi-ring electrode (MRE) is drawn in gold, the superconducting anti-Helmholtz coils in light blue. The $\overline{\text{p}}$ and $\text{e}^+$ enter from the left and the $\Hbar$ atoms exit to the right. The AMT detector around the mixing region is shown in dark blue. Mixing and field ionisation regions inside the Cusp (FI) are marked by the purple and grey shaded areas. The inset (rectangle) on the right shows the potential configurations used for the direct-injection mixing method \cite{Kuroda2014a}. The dashed blue arrow symbolises the injection of $\overline{\text{p}}$s, the solid blue line the $\overline{\text{p}}$s trapped in the nested well. The downstream beamline with the EFI chamber and the detector is also depicted.$ $Left: side-view of the $\Hbar$ annihilation detector showing the scintillator bars and BGO crystal in blue, and the multianode photomultipliers (MAPMT). Right: $x-y$ cross section of the detector used for online event monitoring, showing a candidate antihydrogen annihilation. The coloured hodoscope bars report channels with hits. The pixel map in the centre shows the read-out of the MAPMTs. The white circle indicates the position of the BGO crystal.$ Show more plots

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