arXiv : Averages of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties as of 2018

Amhis, Yasmine Sara; Gersabeck, Marco; Ben-Haim, Eli; Chrzaszcz, Marcin Jakub; Van Kooten, Richard James; Hayashii, Hisaki; Bozzi, Concezio; Li, Hai Bo; Brodzicka, Jolanta; Pompili, Alexis; Banerjee, Swagato; Schwanda, Christoph; Soffer, Abner; Naik, Paras P; Bozek, Andrzej; Shwartz, Boris A; Ma, Hai Long; Egede, Ulrik; Rotondo, Marcello; Schneider, Olivier; Nanut, Tara; Yelton, John Martin; Bernlochner, Florian Urs; Roney, JMichael; Kuhr, Thomas; Johnson, Daniel; Bona, Marcella; Hayasaka, Kiyoshi; Leroy, Olivier; Goldenzweig, Pablo D; Serrano, Justine; Dingfelder, Jochen Christian; Lusiani, Alberto; Tonelli, Diego; Gershon, Timothy John; Urquijo, Phillip; Rama, Matteo; Miyabayashi, Kenkichi; Schwartz, Alan Jay; Patel, Mitesh; Kenzie, Matthew; Duell, S

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8156-7

Article
Report number	arXiv:1909.12524
Title	Averages of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties as of 2018
Author(s)	Amhis, Yasmine Sara (Orsay, LAL) ; Banerjee, Swagato (Louisville U.) ; Ben-Haim, Eli (Paris U., VI-VII) ; Bernlochner, Florian Urs (KIT, Karlsruhe) ; Bona, Marcella (Queen Mary, U. of London) ; Bozek, Andrzej (Cracow, INP) ; Bozzi, Concezio (CERN) ; Brodzicka, Jolanta (Cracow, INP) ; Chrzaszcz, Marcin Jakub (INFN, Pisa) ; Dingfelder, Jochen Christian (Bonn U., HISKP) ; Duell, S (Bonn U.) ; Egede, Ulrik (Monash U.) ; Gersabeck, Marco (Manchester U.) ; Gershon, Timothy John (Warwick U.) ; Goldenzweig, Pablo D (KIT, Karlsruhe) ; Hayasaka, Kiyoshi (Niigata U.) ; Hayashii, Hisaki (Nara Women's U.) ; Johnson, Daniel (CERN) ; Kenzie, Matthew (Cambridge U.) ; Kuhr, Thomas (LMU Munich (main)) ; Leroy, Olivier (Marseille, CPPM) ; Li, Hai Bo (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Lusiani, Alberto (INFN, Pisa) ; Ma, Hai Long (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Miyabayashi, Kenkichi (Nara Women's U.) ; Naik, Paras P (Bristol U.) ; Nanut, Tara (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Patel, Mitesh (Imperial Coll., London) ; Pompili, Alexis (Bari U.) ; Rama, Matteo (INFN, Pisa) ; Roney, JMichael (Victoria U.) ; Rotondo, Marcello (Frascati) ; Schneider, Olivier (LPHE, Lausanne) ; Schwanda, Christoph (Vienna, OAW) ; Schwartz, Alan Jay (Cincinnati U.) ; Shwartz, Boris A (Novosibirsk, IYF) ; Serrano, Justine (Marseille, CPPM) ; Soffer, Abner (Tel Aviv U.) ; Tonelli, Diego (INFN, Trieste) ; Urquijo, Phillip (Melbourne U.) ; Van Kooten, Richard James (Indiana U.) ; Yelton, John Martin (Florida U.)
Publication	2021-03-10
Imprint	2019-09-27
Number of pages	491
Note	491 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.07233, arXiv:1412.7515, arXiv:1207.1158, arXiv:1010.1589, arXiv:0808.1297
In:	Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 226
DOI	10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8156-7
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract	This paper reports world averages of measurements of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group using results available through September 2018. In rare cases, significant results obtained several months later are also used. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2021-2025 The Author(s) (License: CC-BY-4.0), sponsored by SCOAP³ preprint: (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Illustration of the possible dependence of a measured quantity $x$ on a nuisance parameter $y_i$. The left-hand plot (a) compares the 68\% confidence level contours of a hypothetical measurement's unconstrained (large ellipse) and constrained (filled ellipse) likelihoods, using the Gaussian constraint on $y_i$ represented by the horizontal band. The solid error bars represent the statistical uncertainties $\sigma(x)$ and $\sigma(y_i)$ of the unconstrained likelihood. The dashed error bar shows the statistical uncertainty on $x$ from a constrained simultaneous fit to $x$ and $y_i$. The right-hand plot (b) illustrates the method described in the text of performing fits to $x$ with $y_i$ fixed at different values. The dashed diagonal line between these fit results has the slope $\rho(x,y_i)\sigma(y_i)/\sigma(x)$ in the limit of an unconstrained parabolic log likelihood. The result of the constrained simultaneous fit from (a) is shown as a dashed error bar on $x$.$

$Illustration of the combination of two hypothetical measurements of $x$ using the method described in the text. The ellipses represent the unconstrained likelihoods of each measurement, and the horizontal band represents the latest knowledge about $y_i$ that is used to adjust the individual measurements. The filled small ellipse shows the result of the exact method using ${\cal L}_{\text{comb}}$, and the hollow small ellipse and dot show the result of the approximate method using $\chi^2_{\text{comb}}$.$ Show more plots

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