Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing

Aghanim, N.; Wade, L.A.; Stolyarov, V.; Umana, G.; Knoche, J.; Giard, M.; Dupac, X.; Liguori, M.; Matarrese, S.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Mazzotta, P.; Türler, M.; Tristram, M.; Puget, J. -L.; Reinecke, M.; Mitra, S.; Rubiño-Martín, J.A.; Leonardi, R.; Netterfield, C.B.; Martínez-González, E.; Platania, P.; Gaier, T.C.; Paladini, R.; Reach, W.T.; Lindholm, V.; Perotto, L.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U.; Franceschi, E.; Roudier, G.; Wilkinson, A.; Peel, M.; Maris, M.; Rossetti, M.; Plaszczynski, S.; Crill, B.P.; Tuovinen, J.; Galeotta, S.; Rachen, J.P.; Meinhold, P.R.; Danese, L.; Christensen, P.R.; Poutanen, T.; Wandelt, B.D.; Gratton, S.; Dickinson, C.; Natoli, P.; Rusholme, B.; Bonavera, L.; Macías-Pérez, J.F.; Diego, J.M.; Giardino, G.; Remazeilles, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Villa, F.; Battaner, E.; Tauber, J.A.; Riller, T.; Atrio-Barandela, F.; Lattanzi, M.; Starck, J. -L.; López-Caniego, M.; Sandri, M.; Efstathiou, G.; Paoletti, D.; Bock, J.J.; Bernard, J. -P.; Benabed, K.; Delabrouille, J.; Lesgourgues, J.; Martin, P.G.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; Vittorio, N.; Jaffe, T.R.; Mennella, A.; Church, S.; Valenziano, L.; Osborne, S.; Maino, D.; Salerno, E.; Dole, H.; Perrotta, F.; Pasian, F.; Cappellini, B.; Pratt, G.W.; Polenta, G.; Zonca, A.; Perdereau, O.; Banday, A.J.; Chen, X.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Bonaldi, A.; Ponthieu, N.; Cuttaia, F.; Moneti, A.; O'Dwyer, I.J.; Pointecouteau, E.; Hobson, M.; Wehus, I.K.; Bobin, J.; Munshi, D.; Shellard, E.P.S.; Tomasi, M.; Lamarre, J. -M.; Lilje, P.B.; Enßlin, T.A.; Montier, L.; Hivon, E.; Sureau, F.; Davies, R.D.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Marshall, D.J.; Stompor, R.; Ganga, K.; Rebolo, R.; Juvela, M.; Mortlock, D.; Baccigalupi, C.; Pierpaoli, E.; Leach, S.; White, S.D.M.; González-Nuevo, J.; Partridge, B.; Knox, L.; Pietrobon, D.; Benoît, A.; Cruz, M.; Ricciardi, S.; Keihänen, E.; Mendes, L.; Lawrence, C.R.; Ashdown, M.; Kiiveri, K.; Suur-Uski, A. -S.; Curto, A.; Scott, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Novikov, I.; Bersanelli, M.; Barreiro, R.B.; Hornstrup, A.; Popa, L.; Lagache, G.; Harrison, D.; Kisner, T.S.; Holmes, W.A.; Maggio, G.; Melchiorri, A.; Kangaslahti, P.; Chamballu, A.; Gjerløw, E.; Hanson, D.; Frailis, M.; Hildebrandt, S.R.; de Zotti, G.; Van Tent, B.; Gruppuso, A.; Watson, R.; Donzelli, S.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Spencer, L.D.; Górski, K.M.; Keskitalo, R.; Jones, W.C.; Zacchei, A.; Finelli, F.; Colombo, L.P.L.; Rocha, G.; Burigana, C.; Jewell, J.; Pagano, L.; Prézeau, G.; Naselsky, P.; Migliaccio, M.; Bouchet, F.R.; Kunz, M.; Masi, S.; Lubin, P.M.; Paci, F.; Yvon, D.; Novikov, D.; Douspis, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Patanchon, G.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; Doré, O.; Valiviita, J.; Moss, A.; Lasenby, A.; Hansen, F.K.; Sygnet, J. -F.; Prunet, S.; Terenzi, L.; Bucher, M.; de Rosa, A.; Bond, J.R.; Matthai, F.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Jaffe, A.H.; Butler, R.C.; Laureijs, R.J.; Toffolatti, L.; Aumont, J.; Herranz, D.; Seiffert, M.D.; Eriksen, H.K.; Varis, J.; Sutton, D.; Tucci, M.; Colombi, S.; Leahy, J.P.; Tavagnacco, D.; de Bernardis, P.; Morgante, G.; Arnaud, M.; Forni, O.; Rosset, C.; Davis, R.J.; Chiang, L. -Y; Catalano, A.; Bridges, M.; Vielva, P.; Santos, D.; Falvella, M.C.; Borrill, J.; Hovest, W.; Huffenberger, K.M.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Gregorio, A.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321550

Article
Report number	arXiv:1303.5063 ; CERN-PH-TH-2013-116 ; CERN-PH-TH-2013-116
Title	Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
Author(s)	Aghanim, N. ; Armitage-Caplan, C. ; Arnaud, M. ; Ashdown, M. ; Atrio-Barandela, F. ; Aumont, J. ; Baccigalupi, C. ; Banday, A.J. ; Barreiro, R.B. ; Battaner, E. ; Benabed, K. ; Benoît, A. ; Benoit-Lévy, A. ; Bernard, J. -P. ; Bersanelli, M. ; Bielewicz, P. ; Bobin, J. ; Bock, J.J. ; Bonaldi, A. ; Bonavera, L. ; Bond, J.R. ; Borrill, J. ; Bouchet, F.R. ; Bridges, M. ; Bucher, M. (APC, Paris) ; Burigana, C. ; Butler, R.C. ; Cappellini, B. ; Cardoso, J. -F. (APC, Paris) ; Catalano, A. ; Chamballu, A. ; Chen, X. ; Chiang, L. -Y ; Christensen, P.R. ; Church, S. ; Colombi, S. ; Colombo, L.P.L. ; Crill, B.P. ; Cruz, M. ; Curto, A. ; Cuttaia, F. ; Danese, L. ; Davies, R.D. ; Davis, R.J. ; de Bernardis, P. ; de Rosa, A. ; de Zotti, G. ; Delabrouille, J. (APC, Paris) ; Dickinson, C. ; Diego, J.M. ; Dole, H. ; Donzelli, S. ; Doré, O. ; Douspis, M. ; Dupac, X. ; Efstathiou, G. ; Enßlin, T.A. ; Eriksen, H.K. ; Falvella, M.C. ; Finelli, F. ; Forni, O. ; Frailis, M. ; Franceschi, E. ; Gaier, T.C. ; Galeotta, S. ; Ganga, K. (APC, Paris) ; Giard, M. ; Giardino, G. ; Giraud-Héraud, Y. (APC, Paris) ; Gjerløw, E. ; González-Nuevo, J. ; Górski, K.M. ; Gratton, S. ; Gregorio, A. ; Gruppuso, A. ; Hansen, F.K. ; Hanson, D. ; Harrison, D. ; Henrot-Versillé, S. ; Hernández-Monteagudo, C. ; Herranz, D. ; Hildebrandt, S.R. ; Hivon, E. ; Hobson, M. ; Holmes, W.A. ; Hornstrup, A. ; Hovest, W. ; Huffenberger, K.M. ; Jaffe, T.R. ; Jaffe, A.H. ; Jewell, J. ; Jones, W.C. ; Juvela, M. ; Kangaslahti, P. ; Keihänen, E. ; Keskitalo, R. ; Kiiveri, K. ; Kisner, T.S. ; Knoche, J. ; Knox, L. ; Kunz, M. ; Kurki-Suonio, H. ; Lagache, G. ; Lähteenmäki, A. ; Lamarre, J. -M. ; Lasenby, A. ; Lattanzi, M. ; Laureijs, R.J. ; Lawrence, C.R. ; Leach, S. ; Leahy, J.P. ; Leonardi, R. ; Lesgourgues, J. ; Liguori, M. ; Lilje, P.B. ; Lindholm, V. ; Linden-Vørnle, M. ; López-Caniego, M. ; Lubin, P.M. ; Macías-Pérez, J.F. ; Maggio, G. ; Maino, D. ; Mandolesi, N. ; Maris, M. ; Marshall, D.J. ; Martin, P.G. ; Martínez-González, E. ; Masi, S. ; Matarrese, S. ; Matthai, F. ; Mazzotta, P. ; Meinhold, P.R. ; Melchiorri, A. ; Mendes, L. ; Mennella, A. ; Migliaccio, M. ; Mitra, S. ; Moneti, A. ; Montier, L. ; Morgante, G. ; Mortlock, D. ; Moss, A. ; Munshi, D. ; Naselsky, P. ; Natoli, P. ; Netterfield, C.B. ; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. ; Novikov, D. ; Novikov, I. ; O'Dwyer, I.J. ; Osborne, S. ; Paci, F. ; Pagano, L. ; Paladini, R. ; Paoletti, D. ; Partridge, B. ; Pasian, F. ; Patanchon, G. (APC, Paris) ; Peel, M. ; Perdereau, O. ; Perotto, L. ; Perrotta, F. ; Pierpaoli, E. ; Pietrobon, D. ; Plaszczynski, S. ; Platania, P. ; Pointecouteau, E. ; Polenta, G. ; Ponthieu, N. ; Popa, L. ; Poutanen, T. ; Pratt, G.W. ; Prézeau, G. ; Prunet, S. ; Puget, J. -L. ; Rachen, J.P. ; Reach, W.T. ; Rebolo, R. ; Reinecke, M. ; Remazeilles, M. ; Ricciardi, S. ; Riller, T. ; Rocha, G. ; Rosset, C. (APC, Paris) ; Rossetti, M. ; Roudier, G. ; Rubiño-Martín, J.A. ; Rusholme, B. ; Salerno, E. ; Sandri, M. ; Santos, D. ; Scott, D. ; Seiffert, M.D. ; Shellard, E.P.S. ; Spencer, L.D. ; Starck, J. -L. ; Stolyarov, V. ; Stompor, R. (APC, Paris) ; Sureau, F. ; Sutton, D. ; Suur-Uski, A. -S. ; Sygnet, J. -F. ; Tauber, J.A. ; Tavagnacco, D. ; Terenzi, L. ; Toffolatti, L. ; Tomasi, M. ; Tristram, M. ; Tucci, M. ; Tuovinen, J. ; Türler, M. ; Umana, G. ; Valenziano, L. ; Valiviita, J. ; Van Tent, B. ; Varis, J. ; Vielva, P. ; Villa, F. ; Vittorio, N. ; Wade, L.A. ; Wandelt, B.D. ; Watson, R. ; Wehus, I.K. ; White, S.D.M. ; Wilkinson, A. ; Yvon, D. ; Zacchei, A. ; Zonca, A.
Publication	2014-10-29
Imprint	22 Mar 2013
Number of pages	25
In:	Astron. Astrophys. 571 (2014) A2
DOI	10.1051/0004-6361/201321550
Subject category	Astrophysics and Astronomy
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	PLANCK RE24
Abstract	We describe the data processing pipeline of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data processing centre (DPC) to create and characterize full-sky maps based on the first 15.5 months of operations at 30, 44 and 70 GHz. In particular, we discuss the various steps involved in reducing the data, starting from telemetry packets through to the production of cleaned, calibrated timelines and calibrated frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation induced on the mean temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation by the proper motion of the spacecraft. Sky signals other than the dipole are removed by an iterative procedure based on simultaneous fitting of calibration parameters and sky maps. Noise properties are estimated from time-ordered data after the sky signal has been removed, using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices, required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products, are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the -20 dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for the geometrical calibration of the focal plane.
Copyright/License	Preprint: © 2013-2025 CERN (License: CC-BY-3.0)

$Effect of ADC non-linearities on time ordered data of one of the 44\,GHz diode. The upper plot shows the recorded detector voltage (sky in red and reference in blue). The horizontal shaded bars show the voltage range affected by the ADC non-linearities and the vertical bars the time range affected. The lower plot shows the percentage variation of the inverse of the gain factor from the dipole gain (green) and the ``white noise'' estimates on the sky and reference voltages (again sky red and reference blue). The gain estimates have been smoothed by a three day moving mean and the noise by one day.$