Author(s)
|
Taurok, Anton (Vienna, OAW) ; Arnold, Bernhard (Vienna, OAW) ; Bergauer, Herbert (Vienna, OAW) ; Eichberger, Markus (Vienna, OAW) ; Ero, J (Vienna, OAW) ; Hartl, Christian (Vienna, OAW) ; Jeitler, Manfred (Vienna, OAW) ; Kastner, Kurt (Vienna, OAW) ; Mikulec, Ivan (Vienna, OAW) ; Neuherz, Barbara (Vienna, OAW) ; Padrta, Michael (Vienna, OAW) ; Sakulin, Hannes (CERN) ; Strauss, Josef (Vienna, OAW) ; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth (Vienna, OAW) ; Varela, Joao (Lisbon, LIFEP) ; Smith, W H (Wisconsin U.) |
Abstract
| The Large Hadron Collider delivers up to 32 million physics collisions per second. This
rate is far too high to be processed by present-day computer farms, let alone stored on disk by the experiments for offline analysis. A fast selection of interesting events must therefore be made. In the CMS experiment this is implemented in two stages:
the Level-1 Trigger of the CMS experiment uses custom-made, fast electronics,
while the experiment's high-level trigger is implemented in computer farms. The Level-1 Global Trigger
electronics has to receive signals from the subdetector systems that enter the trigger (mostly from muon detectors and calorimeters), synchronize them, determine if a pre-set trigger condition is fulfilled, check if the various subsystems are ready to accept triggers based on information from the Trigger
Throttling System and on calculations of possible dead-times, and finally distribute the trigger
(``Level-1 Accept'') together with timing signals to the subdetectors over the so-called ``Trigger,
Timing and Control'' distribution tree of the experiment. These functions are fulfilled by several
specialized, custom-made VME modules, most of which are housed in one crate. The overall
control is exerted by the central ``Trigger Control System'', which is described in this paper.
It consists of one main module and several ancillary boards for input and output functions.
{\bf Keywords:} Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software), Digital electronic circuits |