巴西利亞主教座堂:修订间差异
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{{Infobox building |
{{Infobox religious building |
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| building_name = 阿帕雷西達聖母總主教座堂<br>Catedral Metropolitana de Brasília |
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| name =巴西利亞大教堂 |
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| image = Catedral metropol.jpg |
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| native_name = Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
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| caption = 教堂入口處的[[四使徒]]雕像 |
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| native_name_lang = Portuguese |
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| location = {{BRA}}[[巴西利亞]] |
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| alternate_names = |
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| religious_affiliation=[[天主教]] |
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| rite = |
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| archdiocese = [[天主教巴西利亞總教區|巴西利亞總教區]] |
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| consecration_year = |
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| status = [[主教座堂]] |
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| leadership = |
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| website = |
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| architect = [[奧斯卡·尼邁耶]] |
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| architecture_style= [[現代主義]] |
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| facade_direction = |
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| architectural_style = [[現代主義建築|現代主義]] |
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| location = {{BRA}},[[巴西利亞]] |
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| start_date = |
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| specifications = |
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1960年4月21日<ref name="timeline"/>| opened_date = |
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| coords = {{coord|15|47|54|S|47|52|32|W|type:landmark_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}} |
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| established = |
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| width_nave = |
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==結構== |
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==簡介== |
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|url=http://www.rinconhistoriamiranda.org/app/download/5167789350/ABC+SEVILLA-27.08.1968-pagina+009.pdf?t=1307960337 |
|url=http://www.rinconhistoriamiranda.org/app/download/5167789350/ABC+SEVILLA-27.08.1968-pagina+009.pdf?t=1307960337 |
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|title=Campanas para Brasilia |
|title=Campanas para Brasilia |
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|page=9 |
|page=9 |
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|accessdate=December 24, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 24, 2012 |
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}}</ref> 環繞著教堂有一圈{{convert|12|m}}寬,{{convert|40|cm}}深的倒影池,遊客需要通過地下道才能進入教堂。<ref name="visitor_guide"/> |
}}{{Dead link}}</ref> 環繞著教堂有一圈{{convert|12|m}}寬,{{convert|40|cm}}深的倒影池,遊客需要通過地下道才能進入教堂。<ref name="visitor_guide"/> |
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大門右手邊是[[浸礼池]],池子由陶瓷磚砌成,上有{{link-en|阿多斯·布爾康|Athos Bulcão}}繪製的畫像。{{convert|3000|m2}}的巴西利亞大主教辦公室完成于2007年,並不在教堂內部,而是以地下道相連,建於教堂一側。<ref name="visitor_guide"/> |
大門右手邊是[[浸礼池]],池子由陶瓷磚砌成,上有{{link-en|阿多斯·布爾康|Athos Bulcão}}繪製的畫像。{{convert|3000|m2}}的巴西利亞大主教辦公室完成于2007年,並不在教堂內部,而是以地下道相連,建於教堂一側。<ref name="visitor_guide"/> |
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進入教堂的隧道中很昏暗,因此造成了一進入這座玻璃頂教堂就豁然開朗的感覺。<ref>{{Cite web |
進入教堂的隧道中很昏暗,因此造成了一進入這座玻璃頂教堂就豁然開朗的感覺。<ref>{{Cite web |
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|publisher= |
|publisher= |
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|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2019-06-05 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605180744/http://doc.brazilia.jor.br/Centro/Catedral-Brasilia-entrada.shtml |
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}}</ref> 教堂外層牆壁由16塊[[玻璃鋼]]製成,基部寬{{convert|10|m}},長{{convert|30|m|sp=us}},連接起了混凝土柱。頂上是{{convert|2000|m2}}的[[彩色玻璃]] ,由[[瑪麗安·珮勒蒂]]完成于1990年。<ref>{{cite web |
}}</ref> 教堂外層牆壁由16塊[[玻璃鋼]]製成,基部寬{{convert|10|m}},長{{convert|30|m|sp=us}},連接起了混凝土柱。頂上是{{convert|2000|m2}}的[[彩色玻璃]] ,由[[瑪麗安·珮勒蒂]]完成于1990年。<ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.marianneperetti.com.br/ |
|url = http://www.marianneperetti.com.br/ |
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|title=Na Obra de Oscar Niemeyer |
|title = Na Obra de Oscar Niemeyer |
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|work=marianneperetti.com.br |
|work = marianneperetti.com.br |
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|publisher=Marianne Paretti |
|publisher = Marianne Paretti |
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|accessdate=December 27, 2012 |
|accessdate = December 27, 2012 |
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|deadurl = yes |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302181629/http://www.marianneperetti.com.br/ |
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|archivedate = 2012年3月2日 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://kymri.photoshelter.com/image/I0000hk8JWgDWuTg |
|url=http://kymri.photoshelter.com/image/I0000hk8JWgDWuTg |
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|title=Detail of stained glass windows in Brasília's Cathedral, with artist's signature visible in the lower right |
|title=Detail of stained glass windows in Brasília's Cathedral, with artist's signature visible in the lower right |
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|website=kymri.photoshelter.com |
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|publisher=Mira Terra Images |
|publisher=Mira Terra Images |
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|accessdate=December 27, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 27, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2019-06-24 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624053711/https://kymri.photoshelter.com/image/I0000hk8JWgDWuTg |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
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[[File: |
[[File:Catedral1 Rodrigo Marfan.jpg|thumb|right|夜間的教堂]] |
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教堂[[中殿]]有3座天使雕塑,由鋼絲繩掛起。最小的一座高{{convert|2.22|m}},重{{convert|100|kg}},其次者{{convert|3.4|m}}長 {{convert|200|kg}}重,最大的高{{convert|4.25|m}} ,重{{convert|300|kg}}。由[[阿爾佛雷德·塞奇亞蒂]]和但丁·克洛斯合作完成于1970年。祭壇則由[[教皇保羅六世]]捐贈。主祭壇下還有一個誦經室。<ref>{{Cite web |
教堂[[中殿]]有3座天使雕塑,由鋼絲繩掛起。最小的一座高{{convert|2.22|m}},重{{convert|100|kg}},其次者{{convert|3.4|m}}長 {{convert|200|kg}}重,最大的高{{convert|4.25|m}} ,重{{convert|300|kg}}。由[[阿爾佛雷德·塞奇亞蒂]]和但丁·克洛斯合作完成于1970年。祭壇則由[[教皇保羅六世]]捐贈。主祭壇下還有一個誦經室。<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url=http://doc.brazilia.jor.br/Centro/Catedral-Brasilia-capela.shtml |
|url=http://doc.brazilia.jor.br/Centro/Catedral-Brasilia-capela.shtml |
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|publisher= |
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|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2019-06-12 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612191900/http://doc.brazilia.jor.br/Centro/Catedral-Brasilia-capela.shtml |
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|publisher= |
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|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 28, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2019-06-09 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609233539/http://doc.brazilia.jor.br/Centro/Catedral-Brasilia-construcao.shtml |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
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{{Reflist |refs= |
{{Reflist |refs= |
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<ref name="aboutbrasilia"> |
<ref name="aboutbrasilia">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/travel/brasilia-cathedral.html |
|url=http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/travel/brasilia-cathedral.html |
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|title=Brasilia Cathedral |
|title=Brasilia Cathedral |
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|publisher=About Brasilia |
|publisher=About Brasilia |
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|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2012-10-30 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030071759/http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/travel/brasilia-cathedral.html |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="timeline"> |
<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://catedral.org.br/linhadotempo |
|url=http://catedral.org.br/linhadotempo |
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|title=Linha do tempo |
|title=Linha do tempo |
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|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
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|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2013-07-27 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727095908/http://catedral.org.br/linhadotempo |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="visitor_guide"> |
<ref name="visitor_guide">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://catedral.org.br/guia |
|url=http://catedral.org.br/guia |
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|title=Guia de visitação |
|title=Guia de visitação |
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第111行: | 第133行: | ||
|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
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|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 25, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2013-12-16 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216043143/http://catedral.org.br/guia |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="renovation"> |
<ref name="renovation">{{cite web |
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{{cite web |
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|url=http://catedral.org.br/reforma |
|url=http://catedral.org.br/reforma |
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|title=A reforma |
|title=A reforma |
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第120行: | 第144行: | ||
|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
|publisher=Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida |
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|accessdate=December 26, 2012 |
|accessdate=December 26, 2012 |
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|archive-date=2013-07-27 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727082724/http://catedral.org.br/reforma |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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==外部連結== |
==外部連結== |
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{{commons category|Catedral de Brasília|巴西利亞主教座堂}} |
{{commons category|Catedral de Brasília|巴西利亞主教座堂}} |
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*[http://www.catedral.org.br/ Official website] |
*[http://www.catedral.org.br/ Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catedral.org.br/ |date=20210224010912 }} |
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*[http://www.guiabsb.com.br/pontos-turisticos/religiosidade-e-mistico/foto-360-catedral-de-brasilia-brasilia-df.html Photo 360° Cathedral of Brasília - GUIABSB (most of roof glass has been restored)] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110219140902/http://www.guiabsb.com.br/pontos-turisticos/religiosidade-e-mistico/foto-360-catedral-de-brasilia-brasilia-df.html Photo 360° Cathedral of Brasília - GUIABSB (most of roof glass has been restored)] |
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*[http://kaemena360.net/FS/Brasilia/BSBCathedral/index_swf.html Fullscreen interactive panorama of the cathedral (prior to roof restoration)] |
*[http://kaemena360.net/FS/Brasilia/BSBCathedral/index_swf.html Fullscreen interactive panorama of the cathedral (prior to roof restoration)] {{Wayback|url=http://kaemena360.net/FS/Brasilia/BSBCathedral/index_swf.html |date=20160303205255 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cathedral Of Brasilia}} |
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[[Category:巴西天主教主教座堂]] |
[[Category:巴西天主教主教座堂]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:巴西利亞旅遊景點]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:巴西利亞建築物]] |
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[[Category:雙曲結構]] |
[[Category:雙曲結構]] |
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[[Category:現代主義建築]] |
[[Category:巴西現代主義建築]] |
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[[Category:奧斯卡·尼邁耶設計的建築物]] |
[[Category:奧斯卡·尼邁耶設計的建築物]] |
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2024年8月15日 (四) 16:27的最新版本
阿帕雷西達聖母總主教座堂 Catedral Metropolitana de Brasília | |
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基本信息 | |
位置 | 巴西巴西利亞 |
坐标 | 15°47′54″S 47°52′32″W / 15.79833°S 47.87556°W |
宗教 | 天主教 |
总教区 | 巴西利亞總教區 |
功能状态 | 主教座堂 |
建筑详情 | |
建筑师 | 奧斯卡·尼邁耶 |
建筑类型 | 教堂 |
建筑风格 | 現代主義 |
奠基 | 1958年9月12日[1] |
竣工 | 1970年5月31日[1] |
地圖 | |
巴西利亞主教座堂(葡萄牙語:Catedral Metropolitana de Brasília),正式名稱為阿帕雷西達聖母總主教座堂(葡萄牙語:Catedral Metropolitana de Nossa Senhora Aparecida),又稱巴西利亞大教堂,是一座位於巴西首都巴西利亞的天主教大教堂,為天主教巴西利亞總教區座堂,由奧斯卡·尼邁耶設計,於1970年5月31日完工。教堂大部份建築實際上位於地下,外部是由16個各重90噸的混凝土柱子構造成的雙曲結構屋頂。
結構
[编辑]教堂前的廣場上有四個 3米(9.8英尺)高的青銅像,代表四使徒,由但丁·克洛斯(Dante Croce)設計於1968年。[2] 巴西的西班牙居民捐贈了四個大教堂鐘,放在20米(66英尺)鐘樓上。[3][4] 環繞著教堂有一圈12米(39英尺)寬,40厘米(16英寸)深的倒影池,遊客需要通過地下道才能進入教堂。[3]
大門右手邊是浸礼池,池子由陶瓷磚砌成,上有阿多斯·布爾康繪製的畫像。3,000平方米(32,000平方英尺)的巴西利亞大主教辦公室完成于2007年,並不在教堂內部,而是以地下道相連,建於教堂一側。[3]
進入教堂的隧道中很昏暗,因此造成了一進入這座玻璃頂教堂就豁然開朗的感覺。[5] 教堂外層牆壁由16塊玻璃鋼製成,基部寬10米(33英尺),長30米(98英尺),連接起了混凝土柱。頂上是2,000平方米(22,000平方英尺)的彩色玻璃 ,由瑪麗安·珮勒蒂完成于1990年。[6][7]
教堂中殿有3座天使雕塑,由鋼絲繩掛起。最小的一座高2.22米(7英尺3英寸),重100公斤(220英磅),其次者3.4米(11英尺)長 200公斤(440英磅)重,最大的高4.25米(13.9英尺) ,重300公斤(660英磅)。由阿爾佛雷德·塞奇亞蒂和但丁·克洛斯合作完成于1970年。祭壇則由教皇保羅六世捐贈。主祭壇下還有一個誦經室。[8]
歷史
[编辑]大教堂奠基於1958年9月12日,1960年4月21日完工,外部建築其實僅是屋頂。一度因總統儒塞利诺·库比契克卸任而停工,總統本意是想要把它建成一個可供所有教派祭拜的“普世大教堂”,但是政府停止了對該建築的所有撥款,最終改由天主教出資完成,因此也變成了天主教大教堂。1968年10月12日祝聖時屋頂還沒有完工。1977年10月5日才建好洗禮池。1990年被宣佈成為國家歷史藝術紀念碑。[2][9]
巴西利亞大教堂年參觀人數達1000萬,[1] 2012年4月21日巴西利亞建城50周年時開始進行改造,修復、升級了教堂內的基礎設施。外部玻璃鋼也重換了一遍。[10]
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brasilia Cathedral. aboutbrasilia.com. About Brasilia. [December 25, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-30).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Linha do tempo. catedral.org.br. Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida. [December 25, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-27).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Guia de visitação. catedral.org.br. Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida. [December 25, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-16).
- ^ Campanas para Brasilia (PDF). rinconhistoriamiranda.or. ABC Sevilla: 9. August 27, 1968 [December 24, 2012].[失效連結]
- ^ A entrada estreita. brazilia.jor.br. [December 28, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-05).
- ^ Na Obra de Oscar Niemeyer. marianneperetti.com.br. Marianne Paretti. [December 27, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012年3月2日).
- ^ Detail of stained glass windows in Brasília's Cathedral, with artist's signature visible in the lower right. kymri.photoshelter.com. Mira Terra Images. [December 27, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-24).
- ^ Capela sob o altar principal. brazilia.jor.br. [December 28, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-12).
- ^ Catedral de Brasília: A longa construção. brazilia.jor.br. [December 28, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-09).
- ^ A reforma. catedral.org.br. Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida. [December 26, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-27).