苏美尔：修订间差异

苏美尔传统中的「冥界」的正式名称为「阿勃祖/阿普斯」（Apzu/Apsu），Ap/Ab在苏美语中是深渊，「阿勃祖」在苏美神话中的意思就是「流着清洌泉水的地下海洋」，它被描述为冥界（Kur）和地球（Ma）两者之间的虚空空间里的原始海洋。在苏美尔文化中。「淡水深渊之神」[[阿勃祖]]原为初六代的苏美神祇之一，与雌龙蒂雅玛特是一对，却在灭世战争的时候被水神恩基监禁於地下至死，从此化身成了冥界<ref name="youlai">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofgo00jord |url-access=registration |title=Encyclopedia of gods: over 2,500 deities of the world |last=Jordan |first=Michael |year=1993 |location=New York |publisher=Facts on File |via=Internet Archive |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofgo00jord/page/2 2]|isbn=9780816029099 }}</ref>。统治阿勃祖的神有很多种说法，有人说是水之神[[恩基]]，也有人说是月神[[欣 (神话)|南娜]]的情人杜姆兹（全名为杜姆兹·阿普苏）或是姊姊[[埃列什基伽勒]]。<ref>Green, Margaret Whitney (1975). ''Eridu in Sumerian Literature''. University of Chicago: Ph.D. dissertation. pp. 180–182.</ref><ref>Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, 1992. ''Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: an illustrated dictionary'', ''s.v.'' "abzu, apsû". {{ISBN|0-292-70794-0}}.</ref>

[[恩基]]统治该区域的说法可能来自於他在灭世战时将[[阿勃祖]]监禁至死，所以恩基的守护城市[[埃利都]]被认为就是[[阿勃祖]]的原型。<ref name="youlai" />[[埃列什基伽勒]]比较特别，不但确实居住在阿勃祖里，而且不能够离开阿勃祖到人间去，其他的神也没办法进入阿勃祖，因为一旦死亡就不能再回到人间（伊南娜故事中的角色却例外）。而杜姆兹则是在《伊南娜与杜姆兹》的故事中被抓到阿勃祖，每年要和其姐在阿勃祖轮流各待六个月。<ref>{{cite book |last=Orlin |first=Eric |author-link= |date=2015-11-19 |title= Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXH4CgAAQBAJ&dq=abzu+damgalnuna&pg=PA8 |location= |publisher=Routledge |page=8 |isbn=978-1134625529}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Wayne |author-link= |date=1998 |title=Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8fl8BXpR0MC&dq=abzu+lahmu&pg=PA308 |location= |publisher= Eisenbrauns|page=308 |isbn=0931464994}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Putthoff |first= Tyson|author-link= |date=2020 |title=Gods and Humans in the Ancient Near East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Cn-DwAAQBAJ&dq=abzu+isimud&pg=PA71 |location= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=71 |isbn=978-1108490542}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eppihimer|first=Melissa |author-link= |date= 2019|title= Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians