氯：修订间差异

氯于 1774年首次由[[卡尔·威廉·舍勒]]研究。这个发现归功于他。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scheele|first1=Carl Wilhelm|title=Om Brunsten, eller Magnesia, och dess Egenskaper|journal=Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar [Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy]|date=1774|volume=35|pages=89–116, 177–194|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015039452910;view=1up;seq=99|trans-title=On braunstein [i.e., pyrolusite, manganese dioxide], or magnesia, and its properties|language=sv}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015039452910;view=1up;seq=103 In section 6 on pp. 93–94 of his paper], Scheele described how chlorine was produced when a mixture of hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide (''Brunsten'') was heated: ''"6) (a) På 1/2 uns fint rifven Brunsten slogs 1 uns ren Spiritus salis. … samt lukten fo̊rsvunnen."'' ( 6) (a) On one half ounce of finely ground Braunstein [pyrolusite] was poured one ounce of pure ''spiritus salis'' [spirit of salt, hydrogen chloride]. After this mixture had been standing in the cold for one hour, the acid had assumed a dark brown colour. One part of this solution was poured into a glass, which was placed over the fire. The solution gave off an odour like warm ''aqua regia'' and after one quarter’s hour duration, it was as clear and colourless as water, and the smell had disappeared.) For an English translation of the relevant passages of this article, see: ''The Early History of Chlorine : Papers by Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774), C. L. Berthollet (1785), Guyton de Morveau (1787), J. L. Gay-Lussac and L. J. Thenard (1809)'' (Edinburgh, Scotland: Alembic Club, 1912), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924012394379;view=1up;seq=9 pp. 5–10.]</ref><ref name=krogt>{{cite web |url=http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Cl |title=17 Chlorine |publisher=Elements.vanderkrogt.net |access-date=2008-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123003013/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Cl |archive-date=2010-01-23 }}</ref> 他通过[[二氧化锰|MnO₂]]（以{{le|[[软锰矿|pyrolusite}}]]的形式）和 HCl反应，生成了氯气：<ref name=Greenwood789/>