五星運動:修订间差异
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{{更新|time=2020-12-31T12:48:09+00:00}}
{{Expand language|en|it|date=2023年6月}}
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{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = {{Party meta/color/五星運動}}
| name = 五星运动
| native_name = Movimento 5 Stelle
| 简称 = M5S
| logo = [[File:M5S logo 2050.svg|
| leader1_title = 主席
| leader1_name = [[朱塞佩·孔蒂]]
| leader2_title =
| leader2_name = [[毕普·格里罗]]
| leader3_title =
| leader3_name =
| founder = [[毕普·格里罗]]<br>{{le|詹罗伯托·卡萨莱吉奥|Gianroberto Casaleggio}}
| foundation = 2009年10月4日
| headquarters = [[罗马]]
| newspaper = 《毕普·格里罗的博客》(2009年—2018年)<br>《群星博客》(2018年—2021年)
| membership_year =
| membership =
| ideology = [[民粹主义]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/25/europe/greece-elections/index.html|publisher=CNN|title=Greece 'leaves behind the austerity that ruined it,' party leader vows after vote|date=2015-01-25|accessdate=2015-01-02|archive-date=2019-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129223336/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/25/europe/greece-elections/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>[[技术民粹主义]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198807766.001.0001/oso-9780198807766|isbn=978-0-19-880776-6|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198807766.001.0001|title=Technopopulism|year=2021|last=Bickerton|first=Christopher J.|last2=Accetti|first2=Carlo Invernizzi|access-date=2023-09-23|archive-date=2022-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710131653/https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198807766.001.0001/oso-9780198807766|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 December 2021|title=Italy's lab leak: Technopopulism|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-lab-technopopulism-european-central-bank-mario-draghi/|access-date=2023-09-23|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202151121/https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-lab-technopopulism-european-central-bank-mario-draghi/|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>[[电子民主]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.breakingnews.com/topic/five-star-movement/ |title=Breaking news on Five Star Movement |publisher=Breakingnews.com |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132907/http://www.breakingnews.com/topic/five-star-movement/ |archive-date=2015-01-28 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br>[[直接民主]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Casaleggio |first1=Davide |title=Opinion {{!}} A top leader of Italy's Five Star Movement: Why we won |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpost/wp/2018/03/19/five-star/?noredirect=on |access-date=2019-09-06 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=2018-03-19 |language=en}}</ref><br>[[非建制|反建制]]<ref>{{cite web|author= Guy Dinmore|work= [[Financial Times]]|url= http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ac527eb2-d5ce-11e3-a017-00144feabdc0.html|title= Italy's Beppe Grillo battles to sustain anti-establishment message|accessdate= 2016-12-06|archive-date= 2020-06-08|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200608045046/https://www.ft.com/content/ac527eb2-d5ce-11e3-a017-00144feabdc0/|dead-url= no}}</ref><br>[[环境保护主义]]<ref>{{cite web |author=John Hooper in Rome |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/15/five-star-movement-italy |title=Parliamentary gridlock in Italy as Five Star Movement refuses to make deal |work=The Guardian |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2020-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126225131/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/15/five-star-movement-italy |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rt.com/news/216323-italy-euro-referendum-signatures/ |title=Already 50,000 signatures for Italian referendum on Euro, Eurosceptic leader says |publisher=RT |location=Russia |date=2014-12-20 |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2020-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225026/https://www.rt.com/news/216323-italy-euro-referendum-signatures/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><br>[[欧洲怀疑主义]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Michael Day |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italian-election-surge-in-popularity-for-eurosceptic-protest-party-headed-by-standup-comedian-beppe-grillo-raises-fears-in-eu-8507197.html |title=Italian election: Surge in popularity for eurosceptic protest party headed by stand-up comedian Beppe Grillo raises fears in EU - Europe - World |work=The Independent |date=2013-02-22 |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925190750/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italian-election-surge-in-popularity-for-eurosceptic-protest-party-headed-by-standup-comedian-beppe-grillo-raises-fears-in-eu-8507197.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rt.com/news/195208-italy-eurosceptic-referendum-euro/ |title=‘Ditch euro, defend Italy’s sovereignty!’ Eurosceptic leader calls for referendum |publisher=RT |location=Russia |date=2014-10-12 |accessdate=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2020-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111170835/https://www.rt.com/news/195208-italy-eurosceptic-referendum-euro/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><br>[[去增长]]<ref>{{cite web|author = Massimo Di Renzo|url = http://www.movimento5stellepescara.it/?p=2753|title = Ma la decrescita può davvero essere felice?|publisher = Movimento 5 Stelle Pescara|date = 2012-11-09|accessdate = 2015-06-08}}{{Dead link|date=2018年11月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author = Dafni Ruscetta|url = http://www.movimento5stellecagliari.it/?p=3650|title = Nel senso della decrescita|publisher = Movimento 5 Stelle Cagliari|date = 2012-10-18|accessdate = 2015-06-08|archive-date = 2016-02-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160221093115/http://www.movimento5stellecagliari.it/?p=3650|dead-url = no}}</ref><br />[[贸易保护主义]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/1244221/m5s-grillo-serve-protezionismo-per-far-lavorare-gli-italiani.html |title=M5S: Grillo, serve protezionismo per far lavorare gli italiani |access-date=2016-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061250/http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/1244221/m5s-grillo-serve-protezionismo-per-far-lavorare-gli-italiani.html |archive-date=2016-11-11 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/08/14/commercio-mondiale-protezionismo-per-amor-di-patria/1089110/ |title=Commercio mondiale: protezionismo per amor di Patria |accessdate=2016-12-06 |archive-date=2020-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919194105/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/08/14/commercio-mondiale-protezionismo-per-amor-di-patria/1089110/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| position = [[左翼]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=I 5 Stelle di Conte si buttano a sinistra. Alcuni dati di fatto e qualche dubbio |url=https://ilmanifesto.it/i-5-stelle-di-conte-si-buttano-a-sinistra-alcuni-dati-di-fatto-e-qualche-dubbio |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=il manifesto |language=it}}</ref><br>'''歷史上:'''<br>[[大帐篷]]或[[右翼]]至[[極右翼|极右翼]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=意大利2018年大选主要政党介绍之一:极右翼反欧势力五星运动党|url=https://news.fx678.com/201803041412342177.shtml|work=news.fx678.com|language=zh|access-date=2022-01-09|archive-date=2022-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111094908/https://news.fx678.com/201803041412342177.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=意大利大选前夕:极右翼“五星运动”党面临执政不利|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/221076271_100041910|work=www.sohu.com|language=zh}}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Italy’s Five Star Movement May Be the Heir to Mussolini’s Fascists|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/italys-five-star-movement-may-be-the-heir-to-mussolinis-fascists/|last=Randall|first=Frederika|date=2016-08-30|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|journal=|access-date=2022-01-09|archive-date=2022-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109092354/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/italys-five-star-movement-may-be-the-heir-to-mussolinis-fascists/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| international =
| european =
| europarl =
| colours = [[黄
| seats1_title = [[众议院 (意大利)|众议院]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|
| seats2_title = [[共和国参议院 (意大利)|参议院]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|
| seats3_title = [[欧洲议会]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|
| seats4_title =
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|
| website = {{URL|http://
| seats5_title = {{le|意大利大区委员会组成|Composition of Regional Councils of Italy|大区委员会}}
| country = 意大利
}}
▲|seats5_title=地區委員會|seats5={{Composition bar|75|897|hex={{Party meta/color/五星運動}}}}}}
'''五星運動'''({{lang-it|Movimento
== 歷史 ==
該黨在[[2013年意大利大选]]取得大勝,得到25.5%的選票,以0.1%之差取代[[民主黨 (義大利)|義大利民主黨]]在得票率上成為最大的第一大黨,而該黨拒絕與任何政黨聯盟合作,包括回絕民主黨要求組建聯合政府的建議。
而在2016年的地方選舉,義大利首都[[罗马]]的大選中,五星運動的候選人[[維吉尼亞·拉吉]]於第二輪投票中,以
雖然五星運動並不自認為是屬於左派及右派的政黨,但與多個[[極右派]]政黨(包括主張[[英國退出歐盟]]的[[英國獨立黨]]),在[[歐洲議會]]內結盟及組成黨團,因此普遍被歸類為[[右翼民粹主義]]政黨。
在[[2018年義大利大選]],分別在眾議院以及參議院中,獲得133席
==
五星運動將生態反思的主題融入到促進公民直接參與公共事務管理的形式中,通過數字民主的形式。這個運動希望成為“黨外聯合關係之外的民主會議,沒有指示性或代表性的調解,認識到互聯網的所有用戶都是政府和通常歸因於少數幾個方面的角色”<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/en/2011/06/the_5_star_movement_between_ut.html|title=Beppe Grillo's Blog|accessdate=2018-01-14|work=www.beppegrillo.it|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928170523/http://www.beppegrillo.it/en/2011/06/the_5_star_movement_between_ut.html|archivedate=2017-09-28}}</ref>。從經濟角度來說,它包含增長理論,支持“
=== 直接民主 ===
五星運動立足於直接民主的原則,是代議民主的演進。這個想法是,公民將不再把權力委託給政黨因為其被認為是國家與自己之間的老牌腐敗中間體,為遊說團體和金融大國服務。他們只有通過創造[[互联网|互聯網]]所帶來的[[集體智慧]]才能成功。<ref name=":0" />
為了朝這個方向前進,五星運動通過
五星運動為阻止議員因無限规定党员只能出任兩屆民選公职(不限地區及中央),例如党员擔任一屆大區委员会議員及一屆
=== 政治不是一種職業 ===
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=== 宪法改革 ===
五星运动为使财政自律,主张参众两院缩编法案,减少议员人数来省下大笔薪资和开销。2019年10月,意大利
=== 移民 ===
大部分来自非洲的非法移民乘船从地中海偷渡欧洲,通常首先抵达意大利、希腊和西班牙。[[2018年意大利大选]]后五星运动党和意大利联盟党组建的政府持反移民立场,多次拒绝搭载偷渡客的船只停靠意大利港口,却遭法国抨击。意法两国关系甚至陷入紧张<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2019-02/09/c_1210056168.htm |title=法国与意大利关系紧张 法外交部召回驻意大使 |accessdate=2019-02-10 |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034014/http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2019-02/09/c_1210056168.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
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=== 疫苗接種 ===
五星運動與反疫苗接種活動家有很強的聯繫,黨領導人呼籲推翻強制接種疫苗法。
== 選舉結果 ==
{| class=wikitable
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! 得票數
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! 议席
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! 領袖
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! 得票數
! 得票比
! 议席
! +/–
! 領袖
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! 得票數
! 得票比
! 议席
! +/–
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! 得票數
! 得票比
! 议席
! +/–
|-
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==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{意大利政党}}
[[Category:義大利政黨]]
[[Category:2009年建立的政黨]]
[[Category:民粹主义政党]]
[[Category:欧洲怀疑主义]]▼
[[Category:2009年義大利建立]]
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