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锡克人：修订间差异

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第1行：
{{Infobox religiousethnic group
|group = 錫克教徒
|founder = [[古魯那納克]]
|image = [[File:Punjab flag.svg|200px]]
|caption = 錫克教徒的旗幟
|population = {{Circa|27002,600萬}}<ref name="Britannicasikhindia">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannicawashingtonpost.com/topicbusiness/Sikhism |title=Sikhism |encyclopedia= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access2023/09/20/sikh-date=7 August 2018}}separatism-what-it-is-why-it-s-testing-india-canada-ties/a68963fc-5822-11ee-bf64-cd88fe7adc71_story.html</ref>
|region1 = {{flag|India}}
|pop1 = 202,815,730300萬
|ref1 = <ref>{{cite webname="sikhindia"/>
|region2region3 = {{flag|United States}}▼
|title = Census of India
|pop2pop3 = 500,000–700,000▼
|url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in
|ref2ref3 = <ref>{{cite news▼
|accessdate =4 April 2008
}}</ref>▼
▲|region2 = {{flag|United States}}
▲|pop2 = 500,000–700,000
▲|ref2 = <ref>{{cite news
| title = Sikhs Express Shock After Shootings at Wisconsin Temple
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-19143281
| accessdate =6 August 2012 | date= 6 August 2012-08-06
| workdate =BBC News2012-08-06
| work = BBC News
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Racialization of Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism in the United States |author= Khyati Y. Joshi |date=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://saldef.org/archive/learn-about-sikhs/#.VmexWriDGko|title = Learn About Sikhs}}</ref>▼
| archive-date = 2012-08-06
|region3 = {{flag|Canada}}▼
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120806091527/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-19143281
|pop3 = 468,673▼
▲ }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Racialization of Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism in the United States |author= Khyati Y. Joshi |date=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://saldef.org/archive/learn-about-sikhs/#.VmexWriDGko|title = Learn About Sikhs|accessdate = 2019-10-17|archive-date = 2017-02-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170204103858/http://saldef.org/archive/learn-about-sikhs/#.VmexWriDGko|dead-url = yes}}</ref>
|ref3 = <ref>{{cite web
▲|region3region2 = {{flag|Canada}}
| url = http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm
▲|pop3pop2 = 468770,673000
| title = 2011 National Household Survey
|ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/canada-s-sikhs-grateful-and-afraid-after-trudeau-s-india-allegations-/7291987.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2023-10-05 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005125326/https://www.voanews.com/amp/canada-s-sikhs-grateful-and-afraid-after-trudeau-s-india-allegations-/7291987.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| publisher = Statistics Canada
| date = 8 May 2013
| accessdate = 12 May 2013
}}</ref>▼
|region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|pop4 = 432,429
|ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/2011censuskeystatisticsforlocalauthoritiesinenglandandwales/r21ewrttableqs210ewladv1_tcm77-290988.xls |title=Table QS210EW 2011 Census: Religion (Detailed), local authorities in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 December 2012-12-11|accessdate=8 April 2017-04-08|archive-date=2017-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409021530/https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2F2011censuskeystatisticsforlocalauthoritiesinenglandandwales%2Fr21ewrttableqs210ewladv1_tcm77-290988.xls|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Religion (detailed): All people|publisher=National Records of Scotland|accessdate=8 April 2017-04-08|archive-date=2016-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022094604/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011/QS218NI.ods|title=Religion - Full Detail: QS218NI|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|accessdate=8 April 2017-04-08|archive-date=2017-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916182540/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011/QS218NI.ods|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|region5 = {{flag|Italy}}
|pop5 = 150,000
|ref5 = <ref name="Cesnur-pluralismo">[[Massimo Introvigne]], Pierluigi Zoccatelli. "Il pluralismo religioso italiano nel contesto postmoderno". [http://www.cesnur.com/il-pluralismo-religioso-italiano-nel-contesto-postmoderno-2/ CESNUR's 2016 demographic report of minority religions in Italy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cesnur.com/il-pluralismo-religioso-italiano-nel-contesto-postmoderno-2/ |date=20171227182210 }}.</ref>
|region6 = {{flag|Australia}}
|pop6 = 125,900
第41行 ⟶ 第33行：
| title = Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
| publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics
| date = 28 June 2017-06-28
| accessdate = 5 March 2018-03-05
| archive-date = 2019-10-11
}}{{Dead link|date=2019年11月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191011160159/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Religion%20Data%20Summary~7
▲ }}</ref>
|region7 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
|pop7 = 120,000
第49行 ⟶ 第43行：
| url = http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/malaysia/religion.htm
| title= Malaysia - Religion |publisher=Michigan State University
| accessdate=24 November 2018-11-24 | dead-url= yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081015/http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/malaysia/religion.htm
| archivedate=9 August 2011-08-09
}}</ref>
|region8 = {{flag|Thailand}}
第57行 ⟶ 第51行：
| title = 2006 Sikh Population
| url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71359.htm
| accessdate = 26 September 2012-09-26
| archive-date = 2019-10-17
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191017042145/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71359.htm
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
|region9 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
第64行 ⟶ 第61行：
| title = Pak NGO to Resolve Issues of Sikh Community
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-NGO-to-resolve-issues-of-Sikh-community-/articleshow/7382102.cms
| accessdate = 29 January 2011-01-29
| work = The Times of India
| first1 = Yudhvir
| last1 = Rana
| archive-date = 2013-05-10
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130510163342/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-NGO-to-resolve-issues-of-Sikh-community-/articleshow/7382102.cms
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
|region10 = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
第74行：
| title = Dubai's Sikh Temple Feeds the Masses
| url = http://www.thenational.ae/blogs/national-view/dubais-sikh-temple-feeds-the-masses
| date = 9 April 2014-04-09
| accessdate = 21 March 2015-03-21
| work = The National
| location = Abu Dhabi
| archive-date = 2015-04-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132908/http://www.thenational.ae/blogs/national-view/dubais-sikh-temple-feeds-the-masses
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
|region11 = {{flag|Philippines}}
|pop11 = 50,000
|ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabi-community-money-lending-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-2806212/|title=Punjabi Community Involved in Money Lending in Philippines Braces for 'Crackdown' by New President|date=18 May 2016-05-18|publisher=|access-date=2019-10-17|archive-date=2016-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519120938/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabi-community-money-lending-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-2806212/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Gurdwara Philippines: Sikh Population of the Philippines |url=http://www.angelfire.com/ca6/gurdwaraworld/philippines.html |accessdate=11 June 2011-06-11 |dead-url=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201014811/http://www.angelfire.com/ca6/gurdwaraworld/philippines.html |archivedate=1 December 2011-12-01 }}</ref>
|region12 = {{flag|New Zealand}}
|pop12 = 40,908
|ref12 = <ref name="New Zealand Sikh population">{{Cite web | url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/losing-our-religion |title title= Losing our religion &#124; Stats NZ | access-date=2019-10-17 | archive-date=2019-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017042151/https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/losing-our-religion }}</ref>
|region13 = {{flag|Germany}}
|pop13 = 10,000–20,000
|ref13 = <ref>''[http://remid.de/info_zahlen/verschiedene "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige"] {{Wayback|url=http://remid.de/info_zahlen/verschiedene |date=20201203071513 }}'', in: ''Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst|Religionswissenschaftliche Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID)'', Retrieved 17 May 2017</ref>
|region14 = {{flag|Singapore}}
|pop14 = 15,000
|ref14 = <ref name="Iyer">{{cite news|url=http://www.topnews.in/law/sikhs-singapore-turbanators-rich-tradition-donning-uniform-254324|title=Sikhs in Singapore: Turbanators with Rich Tradition of Donning Uniform|last=Iyer|first=Raman|accessdate=9 March 2011-03-09|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017042229/https://www.topnews.in/law/sikhs-singapore-turbanators-rich-tradition-donning-uniform-254324|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|region15 = {{flag|Indonesia}}
|pop15 = 10.000
|ref15 = <ref>''https://m.kumparan.com/@kumparannews/orang-orang-sikh-di-indonesiaindones{{Dead link}}ia''{{Dead link|date=2020年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|region16 = {{flag|Hong Kong}}
|pop16 = 10,000
|ref16 = <ref>''[https://yp.scmp.com/article/2275/sikhs-hong-kong] {{Wayback|url=https://yp.scmp.com/article/2275/sikhs-hong-kong |date=20160403135724 }}''</ref>
|region17 = {{flag|Norway}}
|pop17 = 5,000
第112行 ⟶ 第115行：
|publisher= Store norske leksikon
|access-date= 2019-04-13
|quote= I Norge bor det rundt 5000 sikher.}}</ref>
|archive-date= 2019-05-11
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190511004059/https://snl.no/sikhisme
▲ }}</ref>
|region18 = {{flag|Fiji}}
|pop18 = 2,577
|ref18 = <ref>[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Social/religion_stats.htm Population by Religion - 2007 Census of Population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916193239/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Social/religion_stats.htm |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref>
|religions = [[錫克教]]
|scriptures = [[古魯·格蘭特·薩希卜]]
|languages = [[旁遮普語]]、[[印地語]]
}}
 
'''锡克人'''（[[英语]]：Sikh；{{lang-en|Sikh}}；{{lang-pa|ਸਿੱਖ}}，''{{IAST|sikkh}}'' {{IPA-all|ˈsɪkkʰ}} ），亦称'''锡克教徒'''、'''锡克教信徒'''，指信仰[[锡克教]]的[[信徒]]。“Sikh”（锡克教徒）一词源自[[梵语]]“shishya”，意思即“弟子”或“学生”。

锡克教徒的显著特征为裹[[头巾]]，头巾色泽无定规，随个人喜好，或按衣服穿着的颜色搭配；留长髮、蓄[[胡须]]，带铁手镯、配短剑，穿短裤<ref> [http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.Articles/sjmz/sjmz2005/0506/050609.htm 万方数据资源系统] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165321/http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.Articles/sjmz/sjmz2005/0506/050609.htm |date=2007-09-30 }}，世界民族：锡克教徒的身份标志--"五K"和缠头巾。作者：张占顺</ref>。錫克教核心的思想是平等，諸如必須不分物種、種族、階級、性別、信仰、性傾向之類。另外禁烟禁[[酒]]，饮食方面没有什么严格的禁忌，锡克教虽然允许吃肉，但必須吃屠宰過程迅速的牲畜的肉，且禁止吃按宗教儀式（例如[[清真]]或[[猶太教]]）屠宰牲畜的肉食與牛肉，另外禁烟禁[[酒]]。男性錫克教徒通常以辛格（「獅子」）作為他們的姓氏，儘管並非所有名字中有辛格的人都是錫克教徒；同樣，女性錫克教徒的姓氏是 Kaur（“公主”）。這些獨特的姓氏是古魯們為了讓錫克教徒脫穎而出而賦予的，也是對[[印度種姓制度]]的蔑視，古魯們一直反對這種制度。錫克教徒堅信 sarbat da bhala（“所有人的福利”）的理念，並且經常出現在前線，在世界各地提供人道主義援助。
 
根据锡克教教义的规定，锡克教信奉真神“[[真名]]”严格信仰一神论，认为神是唯一的、是全知全能的，是宇宙万物的缔造者，渗透每一个大自然的一部分，永恒超出, 是公证而仁慈的。锡克教徒尊崇祖师“[[上师|古鲁]]”（Guru，即“[[上师]]”之意），共有10位。锡克教的经文《[[古鲁·格兰特·萨希卜]]》（Guru Granth Sahib）被锡克教徒奉为第11位古鲁——即永远活着的师尊。
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== 参考文献 ==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
{{commonscat|Sikhs}}
== 外部链接 ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Sikhs}}
 
[[Category:锡克教]]
[[Category:锡克人| ]]
[[Category:印度民族群]]
[[Category:民族文化名称]]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/锡克人”