PHP OOP: Abstract class for animal

Last update on May 29 2025 13:08:00 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

9. Animal Abstract Class

Write a PHP abstract class called 'Animal' with abstract methods like 'eat()' and 'makeSound()'. Create subclasses like 'Dog', 'Cat', and 'Bird' that implement these methods.

Sample Solution:

PHP Code :

<?php
abstract class Animal
{
    abstract public function eat();
    abstract public function makeSound();
}

class Dog extends Animal
{
    public function eat()
    {
        echo "Dog is eating.</br>";
    }

    public function makeSound()
    {
        echo "Dog is barking.</br>";
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal
{
    public function eat()
    {
        echo "Cat is eating.</br>";
    }

    public function makeSound() {
        echo "Cat is meowing.</br>";
    }
}

class Bird extends Animal
 {
    public function eat()
    {
        echo "Bird is eating.</br>";
    }

    public function makeSound()
    {
        echo "Bird is chirping.</br>";
    }
}

$dog = new Dog();
$dog->eat();
$dog->makeSound();

$cat = new Cat();
$cat->eat();
$cat->makeSound();

$bird = new Bird();
$bird->eat();
$bird->makeSound();
?>

Sample Output:

Dog is eating.
Dog is barking.
Cat is eating.
Cat is meowing.
Bird is eating.
Bird is chirping.

Explanation:

In the above exercise -

The "Animal" class is declared an abstract class, meaning it cannot be instantiated directly. It contains abstract methods eat() and makeSound() which are declared but not implemented.
The "Dog", "Cat", and "Bird" classes are subclasses of "Animal" and implement the abstract methods eat() and makeSound() as required by the parent abstract class.

Flowchart:

For more Practice: Solve these Related Problems:

Write a PHP abstract class for Animal that forces each subclass to implement specific sound and eating behaviors.
Write a PHP program to create an array of Animal subclass objects and simulate a feeding time where each animal makes a sound.
Write a PHP function that compares the outputs of the makeSound() method from various Animal subclasses.
Write a PHP script to implement error handling in an Animal class where an unimplemented method throws an exception.

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PHP Code Editor:

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