Heat Exchanger
Petroleum
Engineering
Course Credit Structure: 3L-0P-3C
Course Instructor In-charge: Mr. Kumar Abhijeet Raj
Heat Exchanger
• A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer
heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat
exchangers are used in both cooling and heating
processes.
• They are widely used in space heating,
refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations,
Tubular heat exchanger
chemical plants, petrochemical plants,
petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and
sewage treatment.
Heat Exchanger: Classification
There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow
arrangement:
(1) Parallel-flow heat exchangers: In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter
the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side.
(2) Counter-flow heat exchangers: In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the
exchanger from opposite ends.
(3) Cross-flow heat exchanger: In a cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids travel roughly
perpendicular to one another through the exchanger.
Heat Exchanger: Classification
Shell and tube heat Shell and tube heat Shell and tube heat exchanger,
exchanger, single pass exchanger, 2-pass tube 2-pass shell side, 2-pass tube
(1–1 parallel flow) side (1–2 crossflow) side (2-2 counter current)
Heat Exchanger: Classification
Classifications of heat exchangers according to their design:
1. Double-pipe heat exchanger:
• When one fluid flows through the smaller pipe, the other flows through
the annular gap between the two pipes.
• It is also known as concentric heat tube exchanger.
• In this heat exchanger the fluid to be cooled or heated passes through
the tube 2 green and the other fluid is passed through tube 1 (red) to
absorb or release the heat.
• They can be parallel or counter flow types.
Advantages : Cheap for both design and maintenance
Disadvantages: Low efficiency and require large space.
Heat Exchanger: Classification
2. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger
In a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, two fluids at different temperatures flow through the
heat exchanger. One of the fluids flows through the tube side and the other fluid flows
outside the tubes, but inside the shell (shell side).
One set of these tubes contains the fluid that must be either heated or cooled. The second
fluid runs over the tube that are being heated or cooled so that it can either provide the
heat or absorb the heat required.
Baffles are used to support the tubes, direct the fluid flow to the tubes in an approximately
natural manner, and maximize the turbulence of the shell fluid.
These are typically used for high pressure application ( above 30 bars)
Heat Exchanger: Classification
Heat Exchanger: Classification
Heat Exchanger: Classification
3. Plate Heat Exchanger
A plate heat exchanger contains an amount of thin shaped
heat transfer plates bundled together. The gasket
arrangement of each pair of plates provides two separate
channel system. Each pair of plates form a channel where the
fluid can flow through. The pairs are attached by welding and
bolting methods.
Heat Exchanger: Classification
4. Condensers and Boilers Heat exchangers using a two-phase heat transfer system are
condensers, boilers and evaporators. Condensers are instruments that take and cool hot
gas or vapor to the point of condensation and transform the gas into a liquid form. The
point at which liquid transforms to gas is called vaporization and vice versa is called
condensation. Surface condenser is the most common type of condenser where it includes
a water supply device.
Thank You
