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    33 - WWII - Military Campaigns and Conferences

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    Brian Cull
    The document outlines the Allied strategy in Europe and the Pacific during World War 2. It details key conferences and battles such as Casablanca, Tehran, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, island hopping, and the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    33 - WWII - Military Campaigns and Conferences

    Uploaded by

    Brian Cull
    33 views49 pages
    The document outlines the Allied strategy in Europe and the Pacific during World War 2. It details key conferences and battles such as Casablanca, Tehran, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, island hopping, and the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender.

    Original Description:

    Military Campaigns and Conferences of WWII

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    The document outlines the Allied strategy in Europe and the Pacific during World War 2. It details key conferences and battles such as Casablanca, Tehran, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, island hopping, and the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views49 pages

    33 - WWII - Military Campaigns and Conferences

    Uploaded by

    Brian Cull
    The document outlines the Allied strategy in Europe and the Pacific during World War 2. It details key conferences and battles such as Casablanca, Tehran, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, island hopping, and the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 49

    Military Strategy

    • Beat Hitler in Europe First:


    – Presents greatest threat to Western H.
    – Start with weakest area: North Africa
    – Move into the Mediterranean: Sicily, then Italy
    • Sharp German resistance
    • Cost more in lives and achieved less than expected
    • Fighting continued to 1945
    Conferences
    Conferences
    • Casablanca (1/43)
    – FDR and Churchill
    agree to open 2nd front,
    attack through Italy
    • Tehran Conference
    (11-12/43)
    – 2nd front within 6months
    – Russia will enter war
    against Japan after
    Germany surrenders
    – Talk of U.N.
    D-Day
    General Dwight D. Eisenhower D-Day Speech
    Establish a Second Front
    • Russians calling for help:
    mounting casualties in the east
    • Operation Overlord: land on
    the beaches at Normandy,
    push to the interior
    • D-Day: June 6, 1944: the
    largest military invasion in US
    history
    – 1 million troops landed
    – TONS of tanks, jeeps,
    ammunition, supplies
    – D-Day Invasion of Norman
    dy
    Pics from D-Day
    U.S. Cemetery in Normandy
    Atlantic Theater After D-Day
    Liberation
    of France
    from the
    Nazis
    Post D-Day
    • Allied forces moved through France
    liberating it
    • Face strong opposition, but the Germans
    are on the retreat
    • Beginning in Dec. 1944 the Germans
    stage their counter-offensive
    Battle of the Bulge
    Battle of the Bulge
    • Dec. 16, 1944 – Jan. 25,
    1945
    • Last major German counter
    offensive
    • Over 89,000 American
    Troops were wounded or
    killed
    – Up to 125,000 German
    casualties
    • The coldest, snowiest
    weather “in memory” in the
    Ardennes Forest on the
    German/Belgium border
    – 101st Airborne Division
    More Conferences
    • Yalta Conference (2/45)
    – Big 3 agree to divide
    Germany into occupation
    zones
    – Soviets promise free
    elections in Eastern
    Europe
    • “Yalta Betrayal”
    – Soviets get half of
    Poland and occupation
    zone in Korea
    – Ratify plans for U.N.
    Berlin 1945
    Conclusion of the War in the
    Atlantic Theater Dec. 1944 – April
    •
    1945
    Germans retreat from Battle
    of the Bulge
    • Jan. Soviets begin to
    liberate Poland
    • Concentration Camps are
    liberated
    • April 12 – FDR Dies
    • April 16 – Soviets attack
    Berlin
    • April 30 – Hitler Commits
    suicide
    • May 8th – V-E Day
    Strategy in the Pacific Theater
    • Island Hopping
    – Move from island to island
    – Only fight for strategically important islands
    • Air strips
    • Radio / radar
    • Fresh water
    – Move closer to main Japanese islands
    Battle of Midway

    Island Hopping
    Battle of
    Midway

    I Shall
    Return!
    Characteristics of Battles against
    Japanese
    • There was a level of respect b/t Germans
    and Americans
    • No respect b/t Japanese and Americans
    • Japanese feel contempt towards
    Americans because they will surrender and
    not fight to the death
    – Japanese believe the surrender shows lack of
    honor
    – Japanese abuse POWs – Bataan Death March
    U.S.S. Bunker
    Hill Hit by
    Kamikaze
    FDR dies on April 12, 1945
    • He never got to see the end of the war.
    • His body is buried with his wife in Hyde
    Park.
    Last Major Battles in Japan
    • World War II in HD: Iwo Jima

    • World War II in HD: Okinawa


    Harry Truman
    •Democrat (33rd)
    •Takes Over When
    FDR Dies
    •Makes Crucial
    Decision to Drop
    A-Bomb
    Potsdam Conference (7/45)
    • Plans to reconstruct
    Europe and Germany
    • Finalize treaties
    • Potsdam Declaration
    – Demands Japanese
    Surrender or ultimate
    destruction
    Moral Issues During the War

    - Segregation in Armed Forces


    - Japanese Interment
    - Use of the Atomic Bomb
    African Americans
     1 million serve
     Segregated units

     Begin in support roles,


    eventually saw combat
     At home many migrated north
     New jobs

     Begin to have some

    political power
     Face discrimination

     Experiences in WWII will lead


    to Civil Rights Movement
    Japanese Americans
     Most Japanese-Americans
    are centered in the West
    Coast
     Discriminated against after
    Pearl Harbor
     1942 – Exec. Order 9066
     100,000 Japanese were

    forced to leave homes to


    go to internment camps
     Revenge for Pearl Harbor

     Fear of Japanese

    American sabotage
    Japanese
    Internment
    Centers
    Legalized Racism
     Military style
    barracks
     Barbed wire
     Guarded by troops
     No similar action
    taken against
    Germans or Italians
    Korematsu v. United States
     Japanese-American
     1944 – Fred Korematsu
    challenges Executive Order
    Boys Scout Troop in
    9066 Internment Camp
     SC rules that relocation
    Japanese-Americans was
    reasonable
     US never identified any
    Japanese – American
    sabotage or treason
     1988 – US apologizes and
    pays $20,000 to those still
    alive
    The

    Manhattan Project
    Manhattan Project Facilities
    Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

    © Moments Leading up to the


    Bomb
    © 70,000 killed
    immediately.
    © 48,000 buildings.
    destroyed.
    © 100,000s died of
    radiation poisoning &
    cancer later.
    Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

    © 40,000 killed
    immediately.
    © 60,000 injured.
    © 100,000s died of
    radiation poisoning
    & cancer later.
    Use of the Atomic Bomb
    Possible Alternatives Justification
    • Blockade of Japanese • Revenge for Pearl Harbor
    main islands • To SAVE lives
    • Invasion of Japanese – Japanese unwillingness to
    main islands surrender
    • Demonstrate the power of • Intimidate the Soviet
    bomb by using one on a Union
    deserted area
    • Bomb a military site
    Japanese
    Surrender

    August 15th, 1945


    V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

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