What is HUMANITIES?

What people make and

why?
the humanities deepen our understanding
of who we are
and help us make meaning and beauty out
of our lives
Watching her show is part of
HUMANITIES
The most WTF series ever
Movie reviews
Poetry
Literature
History
Criticism They are all part of
Humanities!
 Museums
Dance
Arts
Language

Learning Japanese so you can easily

communicate with people when you
go on a trip
Everywhere there are
humans you'll find the humanities
it's about understanding who we are
and
the world we're making
 Humanities and the Arts

This unit shall give you a run through an overview of

the Humanities and the significance of the Arts as an
important aspect of being human. Here, the basics of
art appreciation shall be discussed which will further
enhance the learner’s orientation on the significant
role of humanities and the arts in one’s culture and
the society in general.
Example:

Mariz and Anthony live in different cities, one in Roxas City and
the other in Manila. The two have to make a 100 km car
journey. For Anthony who lives in Manila (which is a bigger
country in size), 500 km may not be a long journey. However,
for Mariz who lives in Roxas City (smaller in size), 100 km can
be considered a long journey.
Humanities comes from the Latin word humanus
which means human, cultured, and refined.

HUMAN THOUGHT
FEELINGS
Human RELATIONSHIPS
How does human express these 3 aspects?

Art generally refers

to painting,
sculpture,
photography,
literature music,
architecture,
dance, and the
Art is very subjective! theatre.
Man is the measure of all things
As you see from the four types of prehistoric art presented, the
most common material used is?

Now as you can see from the four types of prehistoric art
presented the most common material used is

STONE OR ROCK
 Art as Science
Science the systematic study of the structure and behavior
of the physical and natural world through observation,
experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence
obtained
 Art as Science
“Appreciation of works of art
requires organized effort and
systematic study”
 Art as Science
“Appreciation of works of art
requires organized effort and
systematic study”
 Art as Science
“Appreciation of works of art
requires organized effort and
systematic study”
✓ QUESTIONS/ IDEA
✓ SUBJECT OF THE PIECE
✓ MEDIUM THAT HE MUST USE
✓ ELEMENTS
✓ MESSAGE
 Art as Science
“Appreciation of works of art
requires organized effort and
systematic study”
✓ QUESTIONS/ IDEA
✓ SUBJECT OF THE PIECE
✓ MEDIUM THAT HE MUST USE
✓ ELEMENTS
✓ MESSAGE
 Art as Science
“Appreciation of works of art
requires organized effort and
systematic study”
✓ QUESTIONS/ IDEA
✓ SUBJECT OF THE PIECE
✓ MEDIUM THAT HE MUST USE
✓ ELEMENTS
✓ MESSAGE
 art, a visual object or
experience consciously
created through an
expression of skill or
imagination

Comes from the Latin word “arti” which

means craftsmanship, skill, mastery of
form and inventiveness
6 Common Misconceptions about
Art and the Art World
Most people think that the "Art World" is a dark and strange
place, but even people who have worked in the field for years can
find it difficult to understand. People's wrong ideas about what
art is and how the art world works are one thing that doesn't
change, even though traditions and values do. Below are some
common misconception about art and the art world:
✓ Art must be perfect. Misconception: Because it’s art,
everything must be well-thought out and properly executed. It
requires nothing more than perfection, and anything less is
considered invalid.

✓ Drawing and painting go hand in hand.

Misconception: Because painting is simply a coloured drawing,
one must first learn how to draw before he/she can actually
paint. Very much like not being able to run if you can’t walk, the
artist must first learn how to draw a decent line, before he/she
could actually paint inside it
✓ Art must be perfect. Misconception: Because it’s art,
everything must be well-thought out and properly executed. It
requires nothing more than perfection, and anything less is
considered invalid.

✓ Drawing and painting go hand in hand.

Misconception: Because painting is simply a coloured drawing,
one must first learn how to draw before he/she can actually
paint. Very much like not being able to run if you can’t walk, the
artist must first learn how to draw a decent line, before he/she
could actually paint inside it
✓ More colours are always better. Misconception:
Because art is all about artistic value and colours are all about
raising it, naturally, more colours equals more aesthetic value.

✓ Small canvases over big canvases. Misconception:

Because logic dictates that small canvases are easier to paint
than big canvases, and they take up less space and less time.
Budget-wise, it also saves up the amount of paint used
✓ More colours are always better. Misconception:
Because art is all about artistic value and colours are all about
raising it, naturally, more colours equals more aesthetic value.

✓ Small canvases over big canvases. Misconception:

Because logic dictates that small canvases are easier to paint
than big canvases, and they take up less space and less time.
Budget-wise, it also saves up the amount of paint used
 ✓ David - Michaelangelo
2 major varieties of art:

1. Fine Art

fine art pieces are created for

aesthetic enjoyment
✓ The last supper by
Leonardo Da vinci
 2 major varieties of art:

1. Fine Art
2. Minor Art

pieces are used or

created
for its practical or
everyday purpose
Can fine art pieces become minor art and
vice versa?

YES!
How?
LeBron 20: $220,000
ARTIST AND ARTISAN
“MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI “THE STARRY NIGHT”
(1452-1519)Known for Painting, drawing, VINCENT VAN GOGH
sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, Dutch post-
anatomy impressionist 1853-
1890

SOME OF THE
GREATEST
ARTISTS IN THE
WORLD
“ The Creation of Adam” -Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di
Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (1475-1564), Italian Renaissance
sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
“DALAGANG
BUKID”
Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted
as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine
Art.”
WHO IS AN ARTIST?

AN ARTIST IS A PERSON WHO

PERFORMS ANY OF THE CREATIVE
ARTS. THIS CAPTURES ALL FORMS OF
ART.
IS AN ART PRACTITIONER SUCH AS
PAINTER, SCULPTOR,
CHOREOGRAPHER, DANCER,
MUSICIAN, ETC. WHO PRODUCES OR
CREATES INDIRECTLY FUNCTIONAL
ARTS WITH AESTHETIC VALUE USING
IMAGINATION.
WHAT IS AN ARTISAN?

AN ARTISAN IS A SKILLED
WORKER WHO MAKES
THINGS BY HAND. THIS
INCLUDES VARIOUS
OBJECTS RANGING FROM
JEWELRY TO FURNITURE.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND
ARTISAN

An artisan is a skilled craftsman who excels in creating functional and practical

objects using their hands and technical expertise. They focus on mastering a
specific trade or craft, such as woodworking, pottery, or metalworking. On the
other hand, an artist is a creative individual who expresses their ideas, emotions,
and imagination through various mediums, including painting, sculpture, music, or
literature. Artists prioritize aesthetic expression and often challenge societal norms
and conventions. While both artisans and artists possess exceptional skills and
creativity, their primary focus and purpose differ, with artisans emphasizing
functionality and artists emphasizing artistic expression.
COLOGNE
CATHEDRAL
IN GERMANY

• An examples of
early Gothic
architecture.
• This is also a
collaboration
between the artist
who made the
design and the
Artisan who help
in the
construction of
the whole
building.
 ARTISAN
AND
GUILDS

• These guilds where towns

had formalized groups of
artisans or craftsmen who
took on a particular
specialization or trade;
shoemakers, textile and
glass workers, carpenters,
carvers, masons, armorers,
and weapon-makers, among
others. Here, the practice of
artists was not grounded on
the idea of individual
capacities or success ; rather,
in the commitment to work
together as a collective.

• Guilds were a type of social

fellowship, an association structured
with rules, customs, rights, and
responsibilities. With a lifetime
commitment to a particular trade,
an artisans develops immense skill
and expertise in his craft.
 PHILIPPINE
ARTISANS

• Church of the
Most Holy Trinity
in Loay, Bohol.

• Spanish friars
commissioned a
lot of artisans to
carve, paint, and
engrave images
for churches and
public sites.
Activity:

Directions: Collect 20 pictures each featuring

artists and artisans.
Explain your answers after
Elements of Art
1. Line
◼ Is a moving dot
◼ Has a beginning
and an end
1. Line
If the dots overlap,
it’s a solid line,

if they don’t
it’s a dotted line. A line has a beginning and an end
and by its existence, creates an edge.
If a line joins up
it forms an outline (also called a contour).
An outline creates a shape.
1. Line
Long or short
Thick or thin
Straight
Curved
Zigzag
Horizontal Imaginary
Vertical
Imaginary
2. Shape
When a line meets up to enclose a space, a shape is
formed.Shapes can be:
Geometric or organic.
2. Shape
Shapes are 2-dimensional, i.e. they have height and
width but no depth e.g. a square. The best way to
remember the shape element is to think of an outline.
3. Form
Form is the next step up from shape as we now add
depth to it to create a three dimensional form.
4. Space
Space is what lies between, around or within an
object.
To show space in a 2-dimensional medium the
artist must use techniques to create the illusion
of space between items that are in reality on a
flat surface.
Overlapping
When an object is drawn
or painted on top of
another object the
viewer’s eye interprets
this as one object being
in front of another
implying there must be a
space between them.
Placement
Objects higher up in the
picture plane will seem
to the viewer’s eye to be
further away than
objects placed low down
in the picture frame.
Size
Smaller objects look
as if they are further
away than larger
objects.
Detail
The further away an
object, the less detail
is visible to the
viewer. By purposely
reducing the amount
of detail in an object
it will appear further
away than an object
with greater detail.
Color and Value
Objects in the
distance usually
appear cooler (bluer)
and lighter in colour.
Close up objects
appear warmer and
darker in value.
Perspective
Can be used to create
the feeling of depth
on a 2-dimensional
surface. The most
commonly used
perspective types are
linear and 2-point
perspective.
5.Value
Value is how light or dark something is.
There is a scale of light and dark from pure
white through to pitch black. The value of a
colour depends on how light or dark it is
compared to the value scale.
5.Value
Value is how light or dark something is.
There is a scale of light and dark from pure
white through to pitch black. The value of a
colour depends on how light or dark it is
compared to the value scale.
6. Color
is created when light is
reflected into the viewer’s
eye.
In art, colours are arranged
on a colour wheel. The
colour wheel was developed
by Isaac Newton who took
the colour spectrum and
bent it into a circle.
7. Texture
is the way an object
feels to the touch.
7. Texture
is the way an object
feels to the touch.
Art is a tricky thing to define.

Humans have discussed and debated art as a

concept for centuries. A common understanding is
that

Art is something created through skill or

imagination. And often, it aspires to be an object of
beauty.
Different forms of art
Each art form has been around for centuries, if not
millennia.
There is evidence that humans have participated in these
art forms as far back as human history. So, let’s learn more
about the different art forms below.
 Paintings are the
most common and
well-known of all
the art forms.

artists use paint on canvas, paper, or other materials to

create a piece of art.
You can choose from
watercolors,
acrylic, and
oil paints.
Picasso,
Monet,
Kahlo, and
Van Gogh are just a
few names to get
you started.
Claude
Monet
Claude
Monet

“Water Lilies”
Claude
Monet
 Frida Kahlo
known worldwide as one
of the most revolutionary
Latin American artists.
When she was seventeen,
Kahlo was involved in a
near fatal bus accident.
Due to the grave injuries
she suffered in the
accident, she had to
undergo 35 operations in
her life, bear with relapses
of extreme pain and could
not have children

Kahlo is famous for her self-portraits

Frida Kahlo
passionate expression of her deep love for nature and unending
desire to sire children
This painting expressed her disappointment towards the operation. After she went
back to Mexico, she suffered both physical pain and emotional depression. In this
painting she depicted herself as a young stag with her own head crowned with
antlers. This young stag is pierced by arrows and bleeding. At the lower-left corner,
the artist wrote down the word "Carma", which means "destiny" or "fate".
Vincent Van Gogh
Sculpture is an ancient art form dating
from the Ancient Greeks and Egyptians.

They’re made by chipping and shaping

materials like stone, clay, wood, or
metal.

Michelangelo was one of the most well-

known sculptors of the Italian
Renaissance. Today, tourists still flock Sculpture, an artistic form in
to Florence worldwide to see the famous
statue of David. They are found in public which hard or plastic materials
spaces like government buildings, are worked into three-
churches, and cathedrals.
dimensional art objects
Michelangelo

“David”
Architecture

Functionality + artistry
Architecture
Literature
Music
Music
 Dance

Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way,

usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose
of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or
simply taking delight in the movement itself.
Dance is an art because: —dance as a powerful impulse
and dance as a skillfully choreographed art practiced
Theater
Theatre or theater is a
collaborative form of
performing art that
uses live
performers, typically
actors or actresses, to
present the
experience of a real or
imagined
event before a live
audience in a specific
place, often a stage.
Theater
 Cinema – “movies”

• Storytelling
• Visuals
• Sound

Cinema has a profound impact on society. It can inspire, educate,

and entertain, making it a vital part of our cultural landscape.
Why do we need to appreciate art?
Why do we need to appreciate art?
• The main goal is to feel connected to a piece of art
and to understand what it's trying to say to people.

• It stimulates thought and analysis, provokes an

individual to look past what meets the eye and
open our mind to the views of others.

• To be able to enjoy your own art if you feel like

making one.
At the end of this unit, we will be able
to:

• describe sources and kinds of

subjects
• classify artworks according to
subject
• differentiate content from subject
What is a subject in ART?

is the visual focus or the image that may be

extracted from examining the artwork

It is simply THE WHAT?

• What is actually depicted in this
artwork?
• What is the artist trying to express to
the world
• What is his or her message? And how are
they conveying that message?
In artwork, the subject matter would be what the artist
has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt.

The subject matter or topic is entirely up to the artist

as this makes the art more liberating and allows you to
say whatever you want to say.

Whether the message is understood by others is another

story, and whether the artist discloses the meaning of it
or not is also a personal choice.

Some artists don't like to assign a strict explanation of

their art so that they are not imposing on the viewers
own narrative and concept of the work
TYPES OF SUBJECT MATTER IN ART

Some artworks have subjects and some

do not. The art pieces which use a
specific subject is called

• Representational art or objective

art; while those that have no
subjects are called non-
representational or non-objective
art. REPRESENTATIONAL ART
Non-representational or non-objective art, on the other
hand, refers to compositions which do not rely on
representation, we can look at non-representational art as
the personal expression of an artist's subjective
experience. Certain movements have described their
intentions as an aim to evoke moods or emotions in the
viewer.
Other sources of Subject

A learner, most of the time, may imagine as to where an artist

gets his inspiration from with regard to how he produces a
certain masterpiece. It is noteworthy to remember that artists
are unique both in personal experiences and human attributes
hence their differences in the manner of creating art pieces
or in producing art works.
Ways of Presenting the Subject

1. Naturalism. Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of

realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realist movement
of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the
stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism,
but many painters have used a similar approach over the
centuries.
Realism in the arts is generally the attempt
to represent subject matter truthfully,
without artificiality and avoiding
speculative fiction and supernatural 44
elements. Realism has been prevalent in the
arts at many periods, and can be in large
part a matter of technique and training, and
the avoidance of stylization.
Ways of Presenting the Subject

3. Abstraction: It is the capability of the artist

to use their imagination to look beyond what we
can physically see and translate intangible
emotions onto the canvas. It is also the ability of
the audience to then try to connect to the artist’s
intention and free their own mind of visual
restrictions. This is a method of presenting the
subject where the artist moves away from reality.

• Distortion
• Elongation
• Mangling
• Cubism
4. Symbolism. This is the use of a visible sign of an idea to
convey to the viewers, readers or audiences the message of his
work. In this way, mystery is advocated by an art work making
it more interesting to the viewers. The key to eliciting
symbolic art involves studying the background and personality
of the artist and his inspiration in producing the said piece
of work.
Fauvism is the name applied to
the work produced by a group of
artists (which included Henri
Matisse and André Derain) from
around 1905 to 1910, which is
characterised by strong colours
and fierce brushwork. made using
bold, non-naturalistic colours
(often applied directly from the
tube), and wild loose dabs of
paint.
Futurism. This was developed in
Italy about the same time as cubism
appeared in France. Futurist
painters wanted their works to
capture the mechanical energy of
modern life.
Surrealism. This method mirrors the evils of the present society.
Surrealism means super realism, influenced by Freudian
psychology which emphasizes the activities of the subconscious
state of the mind. The art movement began in Paris in 1924 by
the French poet Andre Breton. It emphasized the activities of
the subconscious mind mostly exemplifying violence and cruelty.
The surrealist’s aim is to reveal the deep and ugly part of human
nature.
 Expressionism.
This features art works describing pathos, morbidity, chaos or even defeat and was
introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Expressionists believe that man needs spiritual
rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society.
The Artist and His Medium
The Artist and His Medium

This part of Art Appreciation focuses more on the

technical aspect of the course which refers more
on the process of creating the art work, the
materials and equipment needed, the techniques
applied as well as how to preserve so that it can be
appreciated and utilized for a long period of time.
Learning Outcomes:
After the discussion of the lessons under the unit,
students taking the course are expected to:

• Understand the different processes of art production

• Learn the variety of visual art media Know the different
art forms and their variations
• Create basic samples of the different art forms
• Appreciate the value of art and its variety
The Process of Art
Production
Production is at the heart of making art.
Making art is all about making things. It has been important to
artists and theorists for a long time as both an artistic act and a
thought to be studied. Also, the ways artists have dealt with
creation have changed as it has become more important in our
lives.

It can mean putting a song or show to life or making sure that

the work is perfect. After the mind has thought of it in a certain
way, production might bring to mind pictures of factory lines or
even the ideas of scientists and philosophers.
Medium- refers to the materials, which the artists uses to
objectify their feeling or thought.

• Paintings
Pigments like ink, oil, water color etc
• Sculpture
Stone of wood and metal in sculpture.
• Architecture
Building materials, like hollow blocks, sand, rocks etc.
• Music
Sounds, coming from musical instrument or sang by people
• Literature
Words,
Medium- refers to the materials, which the artists uses to
objectify their feeling or thought.

• Dance
Body movements, rhythm

According to medium, the arts are classified into

1. Visual Arts – medium that can be seen and occupy space
2D-paitntings, drawing, printmaking and photography
3D – sculpture, architecture, landscaping etc.

When you have a 3d or 2d art, you will enjoy all the sides.
2. Auditory or Time arts – those mediums that can be heard
and express in time.

Examples:
Music starts and end after 3-5 minutes
Dance starts and ends after 3-5 minutes

3. Combined arts – medium that can be seen and heard and

which exist in both space and time. These are dance, drama,
opera or movies. Common name for this classification is

“Performing Arts”
The Artist and His Medium

1. Artist gives shapes on his vision, his first thought is what medium
employ. The choice of materials is influence by practical
considerations such as availability of materials to use which the art
object will be put and the idea he wants to communicate. The nature
and special characteristic of the medium itself
2. The artist select a medium that he can handle well, suits its
purpose and brings out the best qualities he wants to show.
3. Every artist when choosing his medium also considers a budget or
cost
The Artist Technique

• Artist knowledge of his medium and skill in achieving what he

wants to do. The technique of the artwork shows the level of familiarity
with the medium being manipulated.

In painting --- color mixing is essential

The Artist Technique

• Artist knowledge of his medium and skill in achieving what he

wants to do.

In painting --- color mixing is essential

IN music, singing technique in also essential to capture the audience
In dancing – unique moves capture even bigger audience

• Techniques varies from one artist to

the other
• Technique and creativity come hand
in hand
The Artist Curation

• Curation Derived from the word “curare” which means to take care.
It is a process that involves managing, overseeing and assembling
or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of
artistic collection.
• Art curation is the process of selecting, organizing, and presenting
artworks in a way that conveys a specific theme or message to an
audience, encapsulating both the aesthetic and contextual
significance of the pieces.
Visual Arts Medium
Visual Arts Medium
Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles
of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. Oil paint
also has practical advantages over other paints, mainly because it is
waterproof.
Questions:

• From the video watched, what form of art/ arts was

displayed in this video
• Explain the process of production of his art
• Enumerate and describe the different mediums of
art in painting that were used by the artist
Media of Visual Arts

2. Drawing
The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts.

Different Media for Drawing:

• Pencils- Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from
soft to hard or thickness from thick to needle-like.
Media of Visual Arts

2. Drawing
Pencil Shading Techniques:
Hatching- A series of thin parallel lines that run in
the same direction.
Cross-hatching- A series of thin parallel lines and
criss-crossing it with another set of tin parallel lines.
Stippling- Uses the sharp point of the pencil to
make dot patterns in some parts of the drawing.
Blending- May be accomplished by using the finger
or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from
dark to light.
Media of Visual Arts

2. Drawing
Pastel- This is composed of dry pigment held
together by a gum binder and compressed into
sticks.
Kinds of Pastel
✓ Soft Pastel
Hard Pastel
✓ Oil Pastel
Media of Visual Arts

2. Drawing
Charcoal- An organic medium that comes from
burnt wood.

2 Kinds of Charcoal:
Compressed Charcoal- The vine charcoal which
comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase.
Manufactured Charcoal- Made from loose
charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into sticks.
Media of Visual Arts

II. Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts

Sculpture- Originated from the Latin word
“sculpere” which means to carve . It is defined
as the art or practice of creating three-
dimensional forms or figures.

• 3 Kinds of Sculptures:
Freestanding- Sculptures
which can be viewed from
all sides. wildhandzart.com
• Relief- Sculptures in which the figures
project from a background.
• Kinetic (mobile)- A sculpture that is
capable of movement by wind, water
or other forms of energy.
The Process of Creating Sculptures
A. Subtractive Process Involves removing or cutting away
pieces of the material to form the figure.
B. Additive Process The process involves the construction
of a figure by putting together bits of the material or by
welding together metal parts to create figures.
C. Process of Substitution This process is also known as
casting. This method involves using a mold to produce a
3D figure in another material.
Different Media of Sculpture:
• Stone- A natural medium. Hard and relatively permanent. Wood-
Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability
depending on the kind of tree it came from. Metal- It has three
unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability.
• Plaster- It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured
into mold.
• Terra cotta (cooked earth)- Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a
relatively high temperature. f. g.
• Glass- Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and
soda lime.
• Plastic- Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.
Architecture - Art of designing
buildings and other structures which
will serve a definite function.

Construction Principles
• Post and Lintel- Makes use of two
vertical supports (post) and
spanned by a horizontal beam
(lintel). It was invented by the
Greeks.
• Arch- A Roman invention that
consists of separate pieces of
wedge-shaped blocks called
voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle.
Materials that are used for Creating Building and
Infrastructures:
• Stones and Bricks- Stones are favored over
other materials for its durability, adaptability
to sculptural treatment and its use for building
simple structures in its natural state.
• Lumber (wood)- All parts of a building can be
constructed using wood except the
foundations.
• Iron and Steel- Provide stronger and taller
structures with less use of material when
compared to stone or wood.
• Concrete- Mixture of cement and water, with
aggregates of sand and gravel..
Literature and the Combined Arts

Literature --Art of combining spoken or written words and their

meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal

Types of Literature
• Poetry- It used to follow strict rules s to the number and length of lines
and stanzas but in recent years they have become more free-flowing
• Fiction- Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative
language.
• Non-fiction- Subject matter comes from real life.
• Drama- Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be
performed.
Music

Defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to

produce compositions that express various ideas and feelings.

Genres of Music:
• Classical Music- European tradition that covered the years of 1750 to 1830.
Forms such as the symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
• Folk Music- Originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in
such a style.
• Pop Music- Began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and
roll.
• Jazz- Originated in the African-American communities in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries.
• Blues- Originated from the African Americans in the deep South of the
United States in the late 19th Century.
• Rock Music- Form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and
pop music.
• Alternative Music- A style of rock music that emerged from the
independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s.
Dance Is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the man’s gestures that
express emotions through rhythmic movements.

Types of Dance:
Ethnologic (ethnic)- Includes folk dances associated with national and/or
cultural
Social or Ballroom- Type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs.
Ballet- Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era.
Social or Ballroom- Sometimes called contemporary or interpretative
dances. They represent rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet.
Musical Comedy (musicale)- Refers to those dances performed by one
dancer or a group of dancers.
Drama and Theatre and Genres of Drama
Drama - Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performed
on stage in front of an audience.

Theatre- Combined art that includes music, dance, painting, sculpture, and
architecture.

Genres of Drama (DiYanni, 2000):

• Tragedy- literature’s greatest dramatic genre.
• Melodrama- Emphasizes the never ending battle between good and evil
wherein good always wins.
• Comedy- Exact opposite of tragedy.
• Satire- Portrays human weakness and criticized human behavior to pave
the path to some form of salvation for human actions. e.
• Farce- Light humorous play in which the emphasis is on the jokes,
humorous physical action, exaggerated situations and improbable
characters.
Cinema- Series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the
illusion of motion.

Genres of Motion Pictures:

• Feature Films- Commonly shown in movie theaters.
• Animated movies- Use images created by artists/ animators.
• Documentary movies- deal primarily with facts, not fiction.
• Experimental films- Sequence of images, literal or abstract, which do not
necessarily form a narrative.
• Educational Films- Specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or
classrooms.
People Behind a Motion Picture

• Actors- Play the roles of the characters.

• Producer- handles finances.
• Screenwriter- develops stories and ideas for the screen or adapts
interesting written pieces of work as motion pictures.
• Director- Studies the script, plans and visualizes how the film should be
portrayed and guides the actors and the production crew as they carry
out the project.