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dbms06 SQL Part 1 18

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10 views

dbms06 SQL Part 1 18

JjKz anjana kamakaj akanksha KzkkKz sjsmsmms zkskkskse kmskks akanksha skskskks sksmmsms dkkdmsms

Uploaded by

SANDEEP Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Content :-
1. SQL Meaning
2. Basic Terminology
3. Classification of SQL Statements
4. Data Type
5. Commands
a. Create
b. Insert
c. Describe

SQL : It is the standard language for storing ,retrieving and manipulating in database. SQL
stands for Structure Query Language.
Some Basic Terminology
Tuple : A row of a relation is generally referred to as a tuple .
Attribute : A column of a relation is generally referred to as a attribute.
Degree : This refers to the number of attributes in a relation
Cardinality :- This refers to the number of tuples in a relation
Primary Key :- It is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify the tuple in a
relation .

DDL Commands: DDL stands for Data Definition Language, this commands allow you to
perform tasks related to data definition. Following commands include in it:

S.No. Command & Description


1 CREATE
Create a new table, a view of table, or other object in the database
2 ALTER
Modify an database object, i.e. table
3 DROP
Deletes an entire table, a view of table or other objects in the database

DML Commands: DML stands for Data Manipulation Language, this command allow you to
perform data manipulation. Following commands include in it:
S.No Command & Description
1 SELECT
Retrieves the records from one or more tables
2 INSERT

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Creates a records
3 UDATE
Modifies the record
4 DELETE
Delete the records
DCL Commands: DCL stands for Data Control Language, this allows you to manage and
control the data. Following commands includes:
S.No. Command and Description
1 GRANT
Gives privilege to user
2 REVOKE
Take back privileges granted from user

Data Types:-Data types are means to identify the type of data and associated operations for
handling it. Some of the most commonly data type used in SQL are stated below :
Data Type Spec
CHAR String(0-255)
VARCHAR String(0-255)
INT Integer(-2147483648 to 2147483648)
FLOAT Decimal(precise to 23 digits
DECIMAL “DOUBLE” stored as string
DATE YYYY-MM-DD
DATETIME YYYY-MM-DDHH:MM:SS
BOOLEAN TINYINT(1)

Difference Between Char and Varchar: -The difference between the char and varchar is that
of fixed length and variable length.

CREATE TABLE :This command is used to create the table , naming of columns are done ,
data type are set .
Syntax :-

CREATE TABLE <table-name>


(<column name><data type> [(size)],
<Column name><data type>[(size)….]);

To Create an employee table whose schema is as follows:


employee(ecode,ename,sex,grade,gross)

the SQL command will be


CREATE TABLE employee (ecodeinteger ,ename char(20),sex char(1), grade char(2), gross
decimal) ;

INSERTING TABLE INTO TABLE: The rows(tuples) are added to relations using INSERT
Command of SQL . IN its simplest form , INSERT takes the following syntax :
INSERT INTO<tablename>[<column list>] VALUES(<value>,<value>…..);

for example , to enter a row into employee table(defined earlier) , you could use
the following statement :

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INSERT INTO employee VALUES(1001,’Ravi’,’M’,’E4’,4670.00);

Viewing of Table Structure :-


DESC[RIBE] <tablename> ;

For example:-
DESC Empl;
Or DESCRIBE Empl;

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