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-
Evaluohon) Exipients
qels. Preparothon penelvotion
mechanisms
Semi SYLLABUS:
|SEMI
CA
solid

dosage
Used
of of and
of UNIT-5
RE
seni SOLID
in
ointmentS,
factors form:
druqs

semi
solid

Definitions,

influencing
solid
pastes,
dosaqu
W
doscyn

JeaMs
form.
cassificaion,

D.F.
EL
detmal

form.

and
L

• •
• Semi
PH

Thesa
rectally Ihey
dissclved Thy aye
baso
• Semisolid

Pastes Geams dasage

Gls Oinmens
Solid
wel
re also are applied

Contjn Thesa

foam
mainly qeneally or dosage

b4
AR

externally
cOsmeticfundions
unifornly
ave
applied ono
fom
sed (APT)
Drgs thoe
applied

or
for nasally
dispersad through

++ dosagg
M

More

therapeutic,
over
antionidavts enharmers, emulsifiers,
Gas/
,
vaginally topical form
the Exápiets in active
A

skin atiicobials, a
visCosay
o1 sujtable
ingredjens

route wch
prote
or but
stobilizeks

chies

.
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Classifiation

• • • Disadvanoqes
• • • •They
Advantages

They They (hey

less
CA It stolble
hest
It Biter Best

+ -Pessaies
|Infernal|

Can
sable
s avojd
Suppositories
ae requires May druqs drvgs for
than eas
be (too
: Caus i
Unconsous

dassified
than
oct to Can
the
liquid high
RE
bulk apply
Semi first
slcin directly
directly

solid ba
cost
dosage
solid
on to iritaion.
and
administered
podients. pass

the
dosage
handle. of on
D-f. fom-ad onset
W
produchon.
meabolis

sje
+ External
basis form,

ceams
of of
m.
EL
ocion
of but
achion.

uS:
t More is
fast.
Gels
L

•Dermal
• DERMAL

molecules
Acc QcrOss move
PH

Difusion
Con Diffusion
Mecharismi-
throughtopical

J- efvotion
to
CoNcentrohion
from peneroion

-D thYough
iF
is is PENETRATION

dc qrodient
Th based iqher the
diffucion

It
AR

Ahere,
a
barier
rate

on qrodients. corxentratian
process
is
based
roue
which
-
It
of
thi
on
(externally).
s
·D: In OF
dd T: diffusion
M

the
diffusjon rote
s fick's
which
the
drug
DRUGs

= proportional
phenomsng

oncentration

ffrst
to process_
absorb

of of drug
A

lower
diffuSion

oetficjent Solute
law.
parhcdes
into
to Concevratic
oF through

gradier the (arug)

blood

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•
facors The
0 întrcellular
CA to Biological They pemeahon/penatration These
b/u

D O ) ) ()
body
0
Bioloqical
influening
cells
penration

skin slin Bl0od skin skin These

Physiochemjcal

Reqional
are ae
fators
tydrahon
metabolism.
ftow
Aqe Condition

and dacsified those nd

ate
RE
skin facors
dermal of
appendageal
affects those : factors
druqs
siles facors though

into
facos of peneration

Oturs
holes
tu tuo a which
W
(fo routes.
penetroion.
wich coteqories hrough
obtonptio)
may
cf
EL
drugs
are
. affect transcellular,

Cross

relatd

ce|ls
the
L

V
( u) 0
PH

Skin
than
thinner
different Reqionol
More

t Blo0d
more odults
Childrens
Skin Injured
Absorphion
) sldn
tqe,
uabolism

drug
inckea
it flow corditioni-
thider
inue
(toxi)
torouah ge
thicknes skin slin
plocer.
ses
scin i- is
disease,

ases i- have
lt
AR

etfecs. qreater
sites the
mabolis
: sin (faial I
slin, is
have
dimatt,

the more
the the on
fackors
There
Out C Of i- tima
qreot
palm, <kin] in
slcin
It penehration blood but important

sn is Of
adsorphion youNg ingury
ave
which
M

seu
some

hare
have
also
conat, flow t permeation.

various

of more
whch also
facor
skin ec..
drugs feet]. is may
abilit
depends

so
of tends of than
A

reduces,
(drg) slcin
pentration Vay dug affect
uwhih
blood
i.e.
. to old.
an veloted

to on Because
BecaUSA
then
than
permat
absorb

thu

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(2) V) • May
druq. Slin
to
()
CA ( ()
Physiochemical
Swells, excess
Skin Steroids

affect
Temperatue
These metabolises
physicol
Percataneous jnreases
Partition Druq Hydration
Molecular Diffusjon softens
woter

hormones

re
Concentotion

the
coefficient ond factors
the
cund absorb

-
RE
coeffiient
sizZA

enhaners.
and thOS!

uorinl9es.
qet
It
.
chemical
about
drugs

cheN
and rate
pH factors
: into
into saturated is
S
shap Cal a effiacy

of ckin), condifion,
properties
W
Carinoqens

(permuation.
of
whjch with
toplcally
and
and
wr when
EL
f ae skin absoyption

etc..
dugs.
velaed applied
tissue
(le sin
L

(V) ((V)

)
ODiffusion

O
PH

• •
the Molecular. ipophilic
lipophidic
Partiion
druqs (onn Druq eg belou(
Druqs
Urionisd Tempeot

Gases

qreter So,
have to Concentraion

(lipid drugs
with
if ure
siz
(oefficjent:-
louw cecfficient molecules

r more temp
and
AR

will and coluble

Conc) (spray) pH
hydro best

shape
penetration
valve inveases
pH-
bi druq) philic Naure (oncentvation
i- naure
have
fon
it
SizL
-
The have
.
It
is
(e
High
It
mainly
have it
mainly
drug
blw
qreat
Tump
M

penetration
of ell
drvgs
rote
More
and
4-?
t
af smoller more us oncenfrotion

qrodien
based
penahvaian

penetration
intveasus is
depends
penetraion state -$:s
about
than dire
molecle, (penelrahon

ie.
A

on (oppo:),
ciy
ratt.
tha
either normal.
(le. tha
of through
penevation.

th fabsorption. on proportiona

of tligh
drugs.

the
mosty
Skn.

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• •
O EXCIPIENTS
(V)
• • •
it release ldeal

shoud
CA protecive
nert, Inay
of lt
ercipients Semi
fthese the
Ihese
enhance
Peravtaneous

should
properties
is Solid formulotion

druqs Alohols,

mdicats
non- are are
rainly

ase the
bt nôn irritant be bases
those
USED

of Erhaxers:-

of
A

aceone,
good
RE
greas Compaible
responcible
mixed absorpion

Bases
foltouingsi
of IN
easiy
and whh Theso
excipients

sem
pbliy. SEMISOLID

and and DMso

at Non- with
for are
-solid
whh These
druq
cf
th make
W
easil sensihzing uhich CDimethyl
dosag
slcin releasa (APr) impor drugs
stt DOSGE
ae are
removable.

pH
taunt are
Sen form.
of . and
basically thoSe
EL
hrough
no and
and exipient
sulfoxide]

adminisrotion.
solids USed

absorphion
ath fORM
subsances

skin. Usud
in
in eht.
L

to
o
Types
Water Oleaqirous
complete
•
Emuisifying
(eg
PH

ream absorbalole absorb

Greasy
and
D/ Wo Water Emulsifying Oleaginous

wht
orqanic
soluble
emulsion
Emulsion
oils.
of
C water stidy soluble
solubilitY
(Hydrocoarbon) Bases
pclyethyien ThesQ
peroleum,
bases- (Hydrocarbon)

and basu
-
AR

bases
bases
and bos and
wafer basu
ave

in can non-ashalble.

which bases

water. hes
qlycols]
thesa hydrous, Water
It soff water bases

wa oil not bass

forms
shable
and i-
jn be
M

oil are ate is

MaI ett.. hydrophiic
in insolubie Thece

eg free
Dature.
water
ashed.eg
liquid
mods
water ail o/w
PEG, qreaseleiI,
)type
Mooqols
/hydro
trglyeida
and paroaffin
type,
up
A

f
g
Polysorboles soluble,
mainly
wyo
theAy
in
sulfur, these phobic.
of
as Vanshing

ojNmuts.
nature,
emulsions
ejc.
fats)
shou water
they
ett.. Zinc are

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()Antioxidants

CA (V) V) ( ) (00

micobial vehdes
dug Permation
noture. and HUmectantsi- Preservatives
Buffers

in (eq Toophcls,

thraugh rate

e
keep
pH.
- Waer
-
-
mainly
growth. Thesa

of enhanrers

alycerins,
hydroted

e
these
:-
whi These
are Ascorbic aye Thes
RE
These
skin. penhraion ehanol,

. Sodi ase
ch

wch
-
These propylene
Thess ore are e
Benzoic
mainly
um
USad

thosa
solvent
Used
are
odd,
thosa
itratr,
to phenol,

to
ULed those those
Methanol,
are
W
USLd
are prevent substances Uud pre
BHA,
ocid, sodivn
sUeb
alcohcls
ven
absorphion glycols ygrosco
to subcanes sUbstances

oleic
those

(refajn Mehyl
to for
substances GHT
EL
,
t
Oxjdaution
prevent acetare

sorbi whjch etc.. preparohons.

sUbstances
pic
aid benzoale ec-.
hyd chag
Of fol watr
which
which
in
et e. roryl elc. are
L

ek

•Thesa () •
There
0
PREPARATION

certajn
It
PH

(trmulsifying)

in dissolved (eams
methods.
Ointments

other
an Pelroleum

Vayshjng

-
Cold
re consistency

be cf mUUoUS

chtom
skin.
wates whjch These
prepared prepared three
are These
and jell
AR

cream emulsian
Of
Soluble typs , is membrone.
intended

on are wote
w/oenulsion
Wares,

SEMI
by (0) by i
Such

base semi- soluble Sem

basu. usinq
Using
tiydrophobjc
idocain that, to SOLIDS
M

more
solid solid
emulion (e. trituration
apply
oitments.
fusson they
preparation,

w/o mdcamets
preparolions

etc.y
(leaqinouS,
ointments
on
A

easily
muthods tqesUs or
ahd th
ofw]
fusin
ubbd skin ,
etc.
. ave in tholt
Ceams

Geor or or
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CA ((v)
Thy •They
()
neuwork einc fusion
ftocculotion,

lt qels, Bases Gels by Gels whjch. Surfuce Pases

Can

ngid, Used
Voltyen

liquid. CONsIshnq
-
Thes0 mhod
Can formed contoins

-
of of
.
Oxide are Theca
partides Semi
chamyca
ave qel thu
prepared elasthit
,
RE
prepared
ase intened
-riqid alcium lare
(tteat

qels
tydroqels
of pratechive
skin.

Sem
hea 0
through strucures
amoun
osteoaythritis) arbonate,
semi
cions.0din
ett.. by to
Cordensed solid
,
W
using solid
Used
layer
Organcgels,

hemal
preparaions
Of
Of mass)
puptizole trituration

extonally
preparotions

finely
EL
three)
conbonoli on
charges,
skin. )
thixorapi endosed
dimensional poud
which
ehc
and
ers tha
,
L

• • •
Ô
PH

filled triturating
make firsHy Steps
make Nou, NOw', wjth NOw, Now, have Trituraion
odding Senisolid

0 O Triturahon
Using

fusion

it semicolids/ointmunts
perform
add otter add decrease

a we
to
Small
and follo
fin add dosage
remajning
vequired
sutable by hae
AR

Mehod usjngtwo
matnod

store amoUnt

hOMOqehisaion
Using tha powder in method

to
i. basa
exipient
base
pesthie
partide reduca
baso

It
- torm

of i.e. then
It
more mthods Con
lauge
M

ahd is
to liqud
and sizu Siz thu
to finaljza
via tis wjdel be
sfable
ts sia
amount

ie. mortar
of Reducion.

redvcu
Leviqation.
is pre
A

tituration.

and
mixure p0wder
of sujtable.
usad
pared
wigh.

and
druqs of mtnod.

more
iquid
zy,
efetive
along via by
and

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(m

in Add High meting Melt melting

whjch
hard fusion
CA
larqe
Dicsolve
Mix

small
low Mp subsfontes

Melt Grate bodies

Volum conoin Mehod

volum m.p. points.

base poinds.
(oil

phosa soluble
bau first, using the
by -
RE
phase
solid and
Suifable
in wary TOis

t wats
usjng
and ingedients fL
mtúd

base
druqs
of MaRe
hua bath
dereasing
those for
for
W
soluble Met
involve
toqeher
agueous
stable( waxy
having oiÑmunt

bases
and oder
EL
druqs matejal heat
salution
haat
diff-2

sfable
of bas and
their
and
L

• EVALUATION

Theso
(v)
O (I) (n) O are cuck
PH

Ccbling
Test Test Test Test filling HoMoqenisaion

soft
Test Test
stable)
ae
that mas
of
of of of of of Soms under
rote
rote non
iobjo!, Contet ratt
OF
thera
of
of
AR

folouings
- th tests
iriany 46C
(Móc
Of of of putically stiing
SEMI
penhration prepared
uniformty
absoption
druq
which
otent SLIDS

relea
(path)
:i effective
M

|Addition
Unstable Mixing
ae
se seni
perforud

and solid
substonces
oF of
A

volatile
fit) preparotions
Insoluble

to to heat
vsa drug

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olood-Serun)
(100)

• •for
O
Then • • Test
on for If othe absorption
CA druqs Test
inflanmotion,

appied this,
DOn-
Tes
analysa thu
for
particvla irritan.
this, Of skin this,
afie
enter of
prep"
of
and
tate select non and rate
specific AA for povth
ointments
of
specific
throuqh iitation.
is -
imitan uring
drugs
asea
of estimates
on. of
RE
21 applied 24
penehrotion
days Jothu Absorplion
samples Then,
human
time, quontity through
Of skin ,
Tf i-
the ontheir that
t as
- In preparotn
skin
temove
per not Voluneers

thus, requar blood.

W
of chck
thn
chk our amoUnt

Unt
that druqs
In wifthdrawn
Check
In
this,
pre wt
bock
time
th t ay parotion
of
tima
are
this
oinnen/åruq
and
t ,
EL
hove
is we is dvg we
or
rubbed
amoun
typ intevals amount
applied qood foL
hae forearmt. olmnt
should
To
have
absor
.
ot huck on
of to bad.
of to
be
L

(V)
( •
(v)
pentraltd
. and
Do
for or
Test
PH

Test Concentrafion
Nouw,
Test
for is for
preparotion,

NOus,
ond druq
i
measured
otha umiformady

this, this, this,

aftu
affe
their
of releosa
of
prep
of ths
quantity
with

Content rott
Sample
micbial A
wigh lo definit then otw
ut from as
AR

flled in clean

does wejght
distributd

test
of
that
sojuhon
unifomi
test its
(dyug
of dugs remouning

tim
Confent-
of prepayation

tube drug
pot Salj'n )veleasa
basa
all is period tube
ad
e in
conan
is per
M

'-
-
delermind. serum quonhihy

filled per calculatt

Chuck

In contajners
all huck
In esfimae is
unit
prepared
thinl chuck
Unt
miobes
this, (ortoiners
portin tbis,
solution.
wits
In
that thot
A

nis, im its
we we tu saina
(aahtd tin ta
then ointmunt
are of thu we
avenag

amoUnt
have prepsotion
have
should drug
taken
arug /seyum.
have
wrth

to Sam. to
bi of to
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Sampk asepolly
and
CA (V Absenco

withdrawn
inaubated

filled
of
inoclu

iNrODes

-(aruqs, lated
with at
RE
driqs
of possed
34°c)

mioogjonism.
ith

no for
tis
W
qrowth

|-4 of
tes
sam) rabit's
bours.
EL
druqs

siu
test -
Coating
serum

arog
ond an plosma
ue4
salin fauwms bck
of
L
PH

Our
•
Dounload

website

CAREWELL

thes
AR

(onplekedX

Www.

Dotes
PHARMA
CareellpharMa.

for
M

free,

in| frorm
A

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