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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Chapter: Acids and Bases
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. Which of the properties listed below is not characteristic of an acid?

a. a sour taste
b. a slippery feel
c. the ability to conduct an electric current
d. reactivity with metals

______ 2. Which is an example of a weak acid?

a. HCl
b. H2SO4
c. H3PO4
d. HNO3

______ 3. Acetic acid is found in

a. vinegar.
b. the stomach.
c. antacids.
d. oranges.

______ 4. A characteristic of an Arrhenius base is that it

a. is an electrolyte.
b. tastes bitter.
c. dissociates to form OH ions.
d. All of the above

______ 5. Which of the following is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

a. HCl
b. HCO3
c. H3O
d. H3PO4

______ 6. In the reaction represented by the equation

 
H2C2O4(aq)  CH3NH2(aq) ←
→ HC2O4(aq)  CH3NH 3(aq),
which of these is a conjugate acid-base pair?
a. H2C2O4(aq) and CH3NH2(aq)
b. H2C2O4(aq) and CH3NH3(aq)
c. CH3NH2(aq) and CH3NH3(aq)
d. HC2O4(aq) and CH3NH3(aq)

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Modern Chemistry 125 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______ 7. What is the correct formula for hydrosulfuric acid?

a. H2SO4
b. H2S
c. H2SO3
d. SO2
4

______ 8. What is the correct acid name for an aqueous solution of HClO4?
a. hypochlorous acid
b. chlorous acid
c. chloric acid
d. perchloric acid

______ 9. A substance that increases the concentration of OH ions in an

aqueous solution is known as a(n)
a. Arrhenius acid.
b. Arrhenius base.
c. Lewis acid.
d. Lewis base.

______10. An Arrhenius acid in an aqueous solution

a. attracts negatively charged anions.
b. attracts positively charged cations.
c. gives up one or more of its hydrogen ions to water molecules.
d. forms ionic bonds with water molecules.

______11. Which of the following is an indication of acid strength?

a. the number of hydrogen atoms in the formula of the acid
b. how strongly an aqueous solution of the acid conducts an electric
current
c. how quickly the acid dissolves in water
d. the number of total atoms in one molecule of the acid

______12. Which of the following is an organic acid?

a. CH3COOH
b. H2SO4
c. HI
d. HClO3

______13. The neutralization of any strong acid and strong base produces mostly
a. H2O molecules.
b. H3O and OH ions.
c. H3O ions.
d. OH ions.

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Modern Chemistry 126 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______14. A strong base in an aqueous solution

a. is a weak electrolyte.
b. produces many H ions.
c. will not dissolve.
d. completely dissociates into ions.

______15. In a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, what are transferred from one

reactant to another?
a. electrons
b. water molecules
c. protons
d. OH ions

______16. How many protons per molecule can a monoprotic acid donate?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. zero

______ 17. How many stages of ionization does phosphoric acid go through?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

______18. Which substance is a Lewis acid in the reaction shown by the equation
below?

BF3(aq)  F(aq) ← 
→ BF 4 (aq)

a. BF3
b. F
c. BF4
d. None of the above

______19. What is the conjugate acid of water?

a. OH
b. H3O
c. H2O2
d. HOH

______20. HCl is a strong acid. When it combines with water, the conjugate of
HCl will be a
a. weak base.
b. weak acid.
c. strong base.
d. strong acid.

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Modern Chemistry 127 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A, continued

______21. Which is the stronger base in the reaction represented by the following
equation?

→ H3O(aq)  CH3COO(aq)
CH3COOH(aq)  H2O(l) ←

a. CH3COOH
b. CH3COO
c. H3O
d. H2O

______22. Consider the reaction represented by the equation below.

HClO4(aq)  H2O(l) → H3O(aq)  ClO
4 (aq)

Which substances are present in the greatest concentrations?

a. HClO4 and H2O
b. HClO4 and ClO4
c. H3O and ClO
4
d. H2O and H3O

______23. Consider the two equations below.

H2SO4(aq)  H2O(l) → H3O(aq)  HSO

4 (aq)

 
NH3(g)  H2O(l) ←
→ NH 4 (aq)  OH (aq)

They illustrate that water is

a. an acid in both reactions.
b. a base in both reactions.
c. amphoteric.
d. a weak electrolyte.

______24. What is the correct net ionic equation for the neutralization reaction
between the substances below?

HNO3(aq)  KOH(aq)

a. NO 
3 (aq)  K (aq) → KNO3(aq)
b. H3O (aq)  OH(aq) → 2H2O(l)


c. H3O(aq)  NO  
3 (aq)  K (aq)  OH (aq) →
NO 
3 (aq)  K (aq)  2H2O(l)
d. HNO3(aq)  KOH(aq) → KNO3(aq)  H2O(l)

______25. Sulfur trioxide gas dissolves in atmospheric water. The product of the
reaction, which falls to the ground as a component of acid rain or
snow, is
a. H2SO4(aq).
b. H2S(aq).
c. H3O(aq).
d. SO24 (aq).
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Modern Chemistry 128 Chapter Test
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TEACHER
dissolves. The ions, already present, 17. c 18. a
separate from one another. Ionization 19. b 20. a
is the process of forming ions from the 21. d 22. c
solute molecules by the action of the 23. c 24. b
solvent. When a molecular compound 25. a
dissolves and ionizes in a polar sol-
vent, ions are formed. TEST B
21. In a strong electrolyte, all or almost all 1. d 2. d
of the dissolved compound exists as 3. c 4. c
ions in aqueous solution. In a weak 5. a 6. b
electrolyte, little of the dissolved com- 7. a 8. b
pound exists as ions in aqueous solu- 9. strong
tion. 10. binary
22. When a compound containing hydro- 11. conjugate base
gen dissolves in water to form a 12. diprotic
hydrogen ion, H, the H ion attracts 13. acids, water, salt
other molecules or ions so strongly 14. amphoteric
that it rarely exists alone. In water, the 15. carbon dioxide, barium chloride,
H ion immediately bonds to a water water
molecule, forming a hydronium ion, 16. nitrous acid
H3O. 17. hydrochloric acid
23. Dissolved salt will lower the freezing 18. carbonic acid
point of water. Therefore, adding salt 19. sulfuric acid
to icy roads will help melt the ice and 20. hydriodic acid
prevent further freezing of any water 21. hypobromous acid
on the road’s surface. It will also pre- 22. H2S
vent the refreezing of water as it 23. HNO3
melts. 24. H3PO3
24. none 25. HClO4
25. Ba2(aq)  SO 42(aq) → BaSO4(s) 26. HCl and Cl
26. Cd2(aq)  S2(aq) → CdS(s) NH3 and NH 4
27. none 27. acidic: HCl and NH 4
28. none basic: NH3 and Cl
29. 42 g/mol 28. H2O and OH
30. 0.77°C/m NH3 and NH 4
31. 0.261°C 29. proton donors: H2O and NH 4
32. 2.81°C/m proton acceptors: OH and NH3
33. 690 g 30. HCl(aq)  NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) 
34. 0.73°C H2O(l)
31. H3O(aq)  Cl(aq)  Na(aq) 
OH(aq) → Na(aq)  Cl(aq) 
14 Acids and Bases, 2H2O(l)
pp. 125–133 32. H3O(aq)  OH(aq) → 2H2O(l)
33. HIO3, HIO, HIO4
TEST A 34. HIO, HIO3, HIO4
1. b 2. c 35. A strong acid ionizes completely in an
3. a 4. d aqueous solution. A weak acid does
5. b 6. c not ionize completely in aqueous solu-
7. b 8. d tion. Its aqueous solution contains
9. b 10. c hydronium ions, anions, and dissolved
11. b 12. a acid molecules.
13. a 14. d 36. Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is produced as a
15. c 16. a gas and dissolves in atmospheric

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Modern Chemistry 230 Answer Key
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TEACHER
water to produce a sulfuric acid solu- 23. acidic
tion that falls to the ground as rain or 24. basic
snow. SO3(g)  H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) 25. basic
37. Have a sour taste; change the color of 26. A pH meter measures the pH of a solu-
acid-base indicators; some react with tion by measuring the voltage between
active metals to release hydrogen gas; the two electrodes that are placed in
react with bases to produce salts and the solution. This works because the
water; conduct electric current voltage is proportional to the hydro-
38. H3PO4(aq)  H2O(l) ← → nium ion concentration.

H3O (aq)  H2PO 4 (aq) 27. The pH changes slowly at first, then
H2PO4(aq)  H2O(l) ← → H3O(aq)  rapidly through the equivalence point,
2
HPO 4 (aq) then slowly again.
HPO 42(aq)  H2O(l) ← → H3O(aq)  28. HIn  H2O ← → H3O In or HIn ^
3  
PO4 (aq) H  In
In acidic solutions, the H3O ions in
solution drive the equation toward the
15 Acid-Base Titration nonionized form. HIn is present in
and pH, pp. 134–143 largely nonionized form in acidic solu-
tions, and In ions are present in
TEST A largely ionized form in basic solutions.
1. d 2. c HIn is a different color than the In
3. b 4. c ion.
5. c 6. c 29. acidic
7. b 8. b 30. neutral
9. d 10. b 31. basic
11. c 12. b 32. basic
13. a 14. d 33. basic
15. d 16. d 34. [H3O]  1  104 M;
17. d 18. a [OH]  1  1010 M
19. c 20. c 35. [H3O]  1.0  1010 M;
21. d 22. b [OH]  1.0  104 M
23. c 24. d 36. [H3O]  5.0  1011 M;
25. d [OH]  2.0  104 M
37. [H3O]  1  104 M;
TEST B [OH]  1  1010 M
1. d 2. b 38. [H3O]  5  103 M;
3. d 4. c [OH]  2  1012 M
5. a 6. b 39. 1  105 M
7. a 8. d 40. 4.0
9. self-ionization 41. 2.5  102 M
10. basic 42. 0.232 M
11. transition interval 43. 2.01 M
12. pH 44. 0.0175 M
13. 1014
14. 14
15. decreases 16 Reaction Energy,
16. end point pp. 144–153
17. higher
18. lower TEST A
19. primary standard 1. d 2. a
20. higher 3. c 4. a
21. acidic 5. b 6. c
22. acidic 7. a 8. a

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Modern Chemistry 231 Answer Key