Safety Health The absence of disease or ill health.

For example, asbestos creates a health risk

because if you inhale asbestos dust you may contract lung cancer at some stage later in life
(perhaps 20 or 30 years after you inhaled the dust). Health relates not only to physical ill
health but also to psychological ill health (e.g. exposure to extreme stress can lead to acute
mental collapse or a ‘nervous breakdown’). Interview Question & Answers.

What is Health?

The absence of disease or ill health. Health relates not only to physical ill health but also to psychological
ill health.

For example,

inhale asbestos dust

exposure to extreme stress

nervous breakdown.

What is Welfare?

Access to basic facilities such as toilet facilities, hand-wash stations, changing rooms, rest rooms, places
where food can be prepared and eaten in relatively hygienic conditions, drinking water and basic first-
aid provision.

What is Safety policy?

Any policy which has social and legal obligation to provide a safe working environment to all his
components to his employees called safety policy.

1). What is Safety?

It is a condition which give you freedom from hazard, risk, accident which may cause injury, loss to
martial or property damage or environment and even death. (Safety means risk free environment).

S-Safe

A-area

F-for

E-employees

T-together with

Y-you.

2). What is safety work system?

There are 2 main types of safety work system.

 • Documentation work.
• Site work.

3). What Is Accident?

It is an unexpected or unplanned event which may or may not result in injury or damage or property
loss or death or to the environment.

7). What is Emergency procedure?

An emergency procedure is a plan of actions to be conducted in a certain order or manner, in response

to a specific class of reasonably foreseeable emergency, a situation that poses an immediate risk to
health, life, property, or the environment.

4). What is injury?

It is defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of accident.

7). What is near-miss?

Near miss is any untoward incident which under slightly different situation could have resulted to injury
or damaged to property or environment. (An undesirable event which has the potential to cause loss).

8) What is First Aid and CPR?

Medical aid provides to a victim of an accident scene. This first aid is administered by trained nurse. CPR
(Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation) a first aid given to a person having heart blocked or chocked due to
sudden shock. CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation).

9). What is HSE Plan?

It is a plan document that a contractor prepares and gives to Client,

• A way to control and distribute up-to-date Documents.

• Safety Inspection Check-list.

• Risk-Assessments.

• Emergency Response Plan.

• Training Program & Documentation System.

• Internal Audit Policy & Schedule.

• List of Laws & Health and Safety Regulations for Compliance.

• Measurable Performance Metrics.

• Regular Meetings & Communications Strategy.

• Regular Management Review.

30. What is JSA?

The procedure of analyzing job for the specific purpose of finding the hazards and developing .

10). What Is JSA and Its Use?

Job safety analysis is the step by step analysis of a job to determine the safe working procedures,

The following steps Procedure of JSA.

• Watch the job being done.

• Break the job down into steps.
• Identify the hazards in each step of task.
• Identity the controls measures.
• Implement solutions these control measures in the job executions.
• Communicate the findings.
• Review and update.

11). What is Fire?

Chain reaction of FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN.

• A) Fuel any material which can burn like Paper, Rubber, Wood, Oil, Lubricants, Gases, Metals
like Phosphorous, Magnesium.
• B) Heat or temperature at which the any fuel can ignite this depends on its flash point.
• C) Oxygen which is helping in combustion and is present in the air.

12). What is Hazard?

Hazard is anything that has potential to cause harm in the form of loss or damage property,
personal or environment.

Example: slippery surface, Moving Machinery, Bear wire, Dust etc.

13). What is Hierarchy of Controls?

The general hierarchy of risk control (based on ISO 45001 and ILO-OSH 2001):

• Eliminate – Physically remove the Hazard.

• Substitute –Replace the Hazard.
• Engineering Control – Isolate people from the Hazard. (safety Guard).
• Administrative Control – Change the way people work.
• PPE (personal protective equipment) – Protect the work personally.

14). What is a risk assessment?

Risk assessment is a method of estimating the rate of risk of an activity, by classifying actual and
potential consequence and finding out mitigation actions to limit that risk.

15). How many steps of Risk Assessment?

The Five Steps of Risk Assessment. (IIERR)

1. Identify the hazards.

2. Identify the people who might be harmed and how.
3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
4. Record the significant findings and implement them.
5. Review and update as necessary

16). What is KPI (key performance indicators)?

KPI stands for key performance indicators these are the parameters which are use to evaluate the
performance of individuals or the organization to check that how much attention given to the specific
area department. Basically there are two types of KPI, (1-LEADING indicator, 2-LAGGING indicator).
1-Leading Indicator,

Provide current information of the department such as

• Number of risk assessment review,

• Policy review,
• Number of trainings,
• Number of toolbox talks,
• Number of audits,
• Number meetings
• Inspections

2-Lagging indicator,

provide the previous history of department or define the impact of accident within workplace such as

• FTALITY,
• MTC,
• RWC,
• LTI,
• First Aid,
• Environment Incident,
• Property Damage,

17). What Is Work Permit?

Work permit is a written document authorizing a person or a group to perform maintenance,

inspections or construction work.

18). How Many Type of Permits Are Used?

There are 7 main types of permits.

a) Hot work permit,

b) Cold work permit,
c) Confined space entry permit,
d) Excavation permit,
 e) Lifting permit.
f) Night work permit,
g) Radiography permit,

Other permits as per job requirement.

19). What is Confined Space?

Any space having a limited means of access and egress, when subject to the hazards like deficiency of
Oxygen, toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust etc.

20). What is MSDS?

Materials safety data sheets is the documents prepared by the manufacturer giving,

a) Product name.
b) Producer address.
c) Emergency contact number.
d) First aid.
e) Measures precaution to be taken for storage.
f) Handling recommended.
g) PPE.
h) Extinguisher.
i) Chemical properties.

20). What is MSDS?

Material Safety Data Sheet It contains 16 Section.
1) CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION •
2) COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS •
3) HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION •
4) FIRST AID MEASURES •
5) FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES •
6) ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES •
7) HANDLING AND STORAGE •
8) EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION •
9) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES •
10) STABILITY AND REACTIVITY •
11) TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION •
12) ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION •
13) DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS •
14) TRANSPORT INFORMATION •
15) REGULATORY INFORMATION •
16) OTHER INFORMATION
21). What is excavation?

A man made cut, cavity, trench or depression formed by earth removal.

22). Who is Competent Persons?

Competence is a combination of knowledge, Ability, Training, Experience or skills to be able to carry

out their work safely and without risk to health.

Managers should also be competent. This means that all managers should have an understanding of
the health and safety implications of the decisions they make on a day-to-day basis.

KATE (knowledge, Ability, Training, Experience)

23) What is the importance of a Tool-box meeting?

The workers can be educated about safe work rules and procedures, and their awareness can be
improved on some task.

24) What is lock-out/tag-out system?

For servicing or maintenance of live equipments or pipe lines where the unexpected energizing or
release of energy could cause of injury, lock and tag are place on the isolating device to avoid
uncontrolled operation and give details of the lock-out schedule.

25) What is a hydro-test?

It is the test carried out for leak test for pipes, equipment’s etc., by filling water in these equipments and
pipes with some pressure and its joints and connections are checked for ant leak or breakage.

26) What is a hypo-test?

It is the insulation leakage test done for high electrical cables, with high voltage merger.

27) In what situation “ear protection is needed”?

In the areas, where sound pollution is more than 85 dBA.

28) What is toxic Material?

A material or substance which adversely effects body or organs.

29) What are the benefits of near-miss reporting?

a) To make analysis of the incident, in order to avoid re-occurrence.

b) To rectify the cause of those near misses before it turns into accidents.

c) To identify the deficiencies of site safety performances and find remedial actions.

d) To improve safety performances by reducing LTA’s incidents and near misses.

30). Who makes an accident report?

Concerned area supervisor or site safety representatives.

31). Who makes an accident investigation report? A team of frontline supervisor, HSE manager sub-
contractor representatives if subcontractor personnel are injured high officials depending upon the
severity of accident.

32). What is the used of accident report?

To find out the root cause of accident makes recommendations to prevent re-occurrence and
evaluate the effectiveness of emergency response.

33). How many step of Defensive Driving training?

• In Plant Area 20KM/hour

• In office Area 30 KM/hour

• Distance from other vehicle (3 words gap technique:1001-1002-1003

• Save distance always depend on speed.

34) What is the formula for incident rate? Number of Record able injuries X 200,000.

200,000 is the equivalent of 100 full time employees working for 40 hours per week or 50 weeks per
year (OSHA guidelines).

35. What is work at height?

Any work above 2 meters from ground is caused work at height.
 H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)
11). How many names of H2S?

• Flammable Gas, • Toxic Gas, • Killer Gas, • Silent Killer, • Swab Gas

12). What is H2S Cautions?

• Don’t use water in case of H2S.

• exposed by inhalation.
• Blue Flame of H2S.

13). There are How many Zone Classification of H2S?

There are 4 zone classifications.

• Green Less than 50 PPM.

• Yellow Less than 100 PPM.

• Amber Less than 1000 PPM. (Hood always with You)

• Red 1000 & Above. (Hood always with you)

14). There are how many Types of Emergency?

2 Types of Emergency.

• Plant

• Personal

15). Which in case of Emergency Procedure spared of H2S?

In both type of Emergency follows same Procedure,

• Stop the Work

• Manage your equipment

• See the wind direction (wind sock).

• Use your emergency escape hood.

• Go perpendicular to the wind direction towards near Assembly Point.

16). There are how many names of Assembly Point?

4 names of Assembly Point.

• Assembly Point , • Safe Point , • Master Point , • Marching Point

SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus)

104) What is a SCBA?

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus, use in confined spaces or where oxygen deficiency exists or where
concentration of toxics gases is harmful to humans.
 Fire Extinguishers
1) What is the classis of fire and what type of fire extinguishers are used for them?

Class A. Solid Material.

Example: Wood, Cloth, Plastic, Rubber

Extinguisher- Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon

Class B. Flammable Liquid & gases.

Example: Gasoline, Diesel, Oil, Grease, Oil based paint,

Extinguisher- CO2, Foam, DCP

Class C. Flammable Gases & electrical equipment.

Extinguisher - DCP, FM 200, Halon, Carbon dioxide.

Class D: Combustible metals.

Example: Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, Calcium, Titanium

Extinguisher- Metal x-type, Combustible metal type

Class F: Vegetable Oil/Fats.

Extinguisher: Wet Chemicals

2). Fire Extinguisher color coding.

Water → class A → Red.

CO2 → class A & B → Black.

Foam → class A & B → Yellow.

DCP →All General purpose →Blue.

Wet Chemicals → class F →Light Pink.

Note: - Always Use Correct Type of Extinguisher for correct type of Fire.
3). How to use Extinguisher?

Apply PASS for extinguish fire.

P=Pull the Pin

A=Aim the base of Fire

S=Squeeze the liver

S=sweep right and left

4) What common type of the fire extinguisher is used for fire?

ABC or Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher used for Solid, Liquid Gases and Electric Fire.

5) What are Flammable and Combustible Liquids?

Liquids that give off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air and produce a flame when a
source of ignition is present.

6) How Fire can be extinguished?

Remove anyone of the above three elements of Fire. Fire will have extinguished,

A) Remove the burning material, the remaining materials will be safe.

B) Cut off the Oxygen by blanketing with foam or Fire blanket or any other materials which

cannot burn the oxygen will be cut off and fire extinguished.

C) Remove or lessen the heat with water or use Carbon Dioxide fire cylinder. Never use Water for
Electric Fire as water is good conductor of electricity and you will get electric shock if water is used for
electric fire.

7) What is the responsibility of Fire Watch?

Fire watch is the person design to identify and eliminate fire hazards, alert and extinguish fire in case of
any outbreak of fire and to protect the person and properties from a fire. He is the man to reach first in
case of fire by keeping a close watch on such hazardous areas.
 PPE (Personal Protected Equipment)
1). What is definition of Personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Equipment or clothing that is worn or held by a worker that protects them from one or more risks to
their safety or health.

2). How many types of PPE and use?

Many different types of PPE are available, such as:

• Ear defenders for noise.

• Gloves to prevent contact with substances hazardous to the skin.
• Respiratory Mask protection against substances hazardous by inhalation (breathing in).
• Glasses for Eye protection against splashes of chemicals and molten metals, mists, sprays and
dusts, projectiles and radiation including laser lights.
• Harness for Falling protection.
• Helmet (Hard Head) for safe Head.
• High Visibility clothing
• safety footwear (shoes) for slipping other hazard

3). When to use & need PPE?

PPE may then be needed to reduce the risk of injury from:

• Breathing in dust, mist gas or fume.

• Falling materials hitting people.
• Flying particles or splashes of corrosive liquids getting into people eyes.
• Skin contact with corrosive martials.
• Excessive noise.
• Extremes of heat or cold.

4). What is Collective Protection Over Personal Protection?

Collective protective: -

Collective protective measures are those that protect the whole workplace and everyone who works
there, as opposed to.

personal protective: -
Personal Protective measures, which protect single individuals.

These two approaches are behind the concepts of a safe place and a safe person:

• Safe place – the environment of the workplace, where the emphasis is on collective protection
through the correct design, selection and engineering of premises, plant, machinery, equipment,
processes and substances.

• Safe person – individual behavior, where the emphasis is on the competence of workers who have
received adequate information, instruction and training and follow SSW.

Work to permit system.

1) What Is Work Permit?

Work permit is a written document authorizing a person or a group to perform maintenance,

inspections or construction work.

2) How Many Type of Permits Are Used?

7 main types of permits.

a) Hot work permit,

b) Cold work permit,

c) Confined space entry permit,

d) Excavation permit,

e) Lifting permit,

f) Night work permit,

g) Radiography permit,

Other permits as per job requirement.

3) What are the safety requirements for doing a hot work?

a) Remove all combustible materials from the area (with in 10m), if possible.

b) Use fire blanket to protect immovable combustible materials and also for welding slugs.

c) Cover the area with fire blanket for containment of sparks generated while doing hot work.

d) Provide proper fire extinguisher in sufficient numbers.

e) Appoint a fire-watch with red jacket, if necessary.

f) Barricade the area and post proper signage.

g) Use of proper PPE and damage free

h) Conduct gas test if presence of combustible gases expected prior to work.

Confined Space

1). What Is Confined Space?

Any space having a limited means of access and egress, when subject to the hazards like deficiency of
Oxygen, toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust etc.

2). When is an excavation considered as a confined space?

If depth is more than 1.2m.

3). What Is the Oxygen Level in a Confined Space?

The Oxygen level in Confined space is 19.5% to 23.5%.

4). In what circumstances a confined space work permit can be issued?

a) If properly ventilated,

b) gas test reading are satisfactory,

c) properly barricaded,

d) warning signs are Posted,

e) trained stand by man is present with log sheet,

f) sufficient lightening,

g) low voltage Electricity (24V-110V),

h) proper means of communication,

i) locked and tagged out if necessary,

j) lifeline man retrieval System if necessary etc.

5). What are the hazards in a confined space?

a) Oxygen Deficiency,

b) flammable gases,

C) chemical hazards,
d) fire hazards,

e) Fall of materials,

f) fall hazards,

g) electrocution dust,

h) sounds heat.

A) High Temperature

B) High Noise

D) Sleeping

6). What are the duties of a confined space attendant?

He is responsible for the safety of entrants,

a) should be present whenever people are working in confined space,

b) maintain update entry log sheet,

c) maintain continuous communication with entrants,

d) monitor conditions in the confined space to ensure a safe working atmosphere,

e) prevent unauthorized personnel,

f) Initiate alarm for help,

g) initiated contact rescue personnel if necessary.

7). Give some example of a confined space?

Pipes, Vessels, Tanks, boilers, and Tube Areas Silos Trenches and excavation deeper then 4feet sludge
Pits Duct works etc.

8). Name one hazardous job in a confined space?

Welding Grinding Chemical Use of gas cutting sets erection of materials.

 Crane Related knowledge.

1) How many types of cranes?

Main 4 types of cranes.

a) Mobile Crane

b) Crawler Crane

c) Tower Crane

d) Over Head Crane

2) what are the requirements of a crane lifting?

a) Crane positions on firm

b) Level ground with wood pads and steel plates.

C) Outriggers are fully extended tires are off the ground.

d) Certified operator and rigger

e) check list filled by competent persons.

3) what is SWL?

Safe Working Load is the maximum load that can apply to the lifting tool, safely.

4) what is lifting plan?

a) documents prepare for planning a critical lift by calculating and considering all factors.

b) selecting the correct tools and cranes.

c) ensure the safe lifting procedure to be followed for the particular lift.

d) what the safe factor is,

e) where the load is lifted,

f) where it is fitted,
g) size and SWL of each lifting tool used JSA and load-chart are attached with it.

5) what is Tandum lift?

A lift in which two crane are used for Lifting is called Tandum Lifting.

112) What safety measure are required for safe crane operation?

1) Crane is to be positioned on level ground

2) Outriggers fully extended

3) Mats to be used for stability

4) Crane radius of swing should be barricaded and no one to cross under the suspended load

5) Ensure clear of obstructions

6) Load chart available in the cabin

7) Qualified Operator and rigger to rig the loads

8) Only one rigger is authorized to signal the operator

9) Do not lift the load beyond the rated capacity of the crane

10) Wind speed not more than 20miles/hr or 32km/hr

11) Anti two block system working

12) Load monitoring indicator operational

13) Telescopic boom free moment

14) Operators cabin have clear view and not obstructed.

 Scaffolding & Ladders.
1). How many type of Fall Protection system?

(1) Guardrail system,

(2) Safety Net system.

(3) Personal Fall arrest system (BODY HARNESS)

2). What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation?

A ladder must be present within 25feet, of employees working in excavation.

In open excavation – At least every 30m on the perimeter, if less than 1.2m deep

- At every 7.5m on the perimeter, if more than 1.2m deep

3). Who can erect scaffolding?

Certified scaffold.

4). Who can inspect the components used for erecting a scaffold?

A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor.

5). What is tag system?

A tag system is put on scaffolding, by a competent person, indicating the present condition whether it
can be used and whether fall protection needed or not.

Red tag – Do not use (is being erected or dismantled)

Yellow tag – Can use with 100% fall protection (is incomplete or cannot be completed)

Green tag – Safe to use (scaffolding is complete)

7). Who can place a scaffold tag?

Competent person (scaffolding supervisor).

8). What are the details in a scaffold tag?

a) Location,

b) Maximum loading capacity (kN/m2 or psf),

c) Date erected)‫ (کھڑا کرنا‬and date inspected with foreman’s name and signature.
9). In which condition a scaffold cannot be erected?

a) Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice),

b) ground not stable,

c) safe clearance (minimum 10 feet) can’t be maintained with live wire,

d) certified workers and supervisor are not available,

e) permit not available.

10). What is the minimum overlapping of two adjacent planks in a platform?

Not less than 12 inches

11). What is a guard rail system?

A barrier consisting of top rail and med rails, toe board and vertical up right erected to prevent men and
materials falling from an elevated work area.

12). What is a toe board?

Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard falling of materials, tools, and other
objects.

13). What is the minimum height of a toe-board?

Minimum 4 inches

14). What is the height of the top-rail from the platform?

38 inches to 45 inches.

15). What are the requirements in placing an access ladder on a scaffold?

Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access.

When using ladders,

a) bottom rung must not be more than 24 inches high.

b) Ladder to be at the correct angle (i.e. Feet out for every 4 feet in height).
c) Ladders are to be tied at both sides not by the rungs.
d) Make sure the ladder extends a safe distance (at least 90cm) above the landing stage.
e) When the horizontal travel distance exceeds 15 meters provide at least two accesses. If the
platform is longer, access shall be provided at every 30 meters.
f) The ladder should be free from damage and should be color coded.
g) All access ladders must be tagged.

16). In what circumstances fall protection system has to be used?

If the person could fall more than 1.8 meter then a fall protection system should be used.
Example- Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8 meter such as erection, dismantling or maintenance
of scaffolding pipes, equipments.

17). What is the minimum width required for a walk-way?

Minimum width of a walk-way is 18 inches.

18). When should we inspect scaffold?

Scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged after completing erection. Also before each work period or
where they are altered, adjusted to rain or heavy winds. Thereafter the scaffolding shall be examined at
least once in every seven days.

19). What is the angle to fixed the Ladder?

The angle of Ladder is 75deg or ¼.

20). What is the space between the two ladder Rungs?

The gape or space is 12inch or 30cm.

21). With what color a ladder can be painted?

Aluminum ladders and wooden ladders shall not be painted.

22) What are basic components of scaffolds?

a) Base Plate

b) Sill Boards

c) Screw Jack

d) Couplers

e) Vertical tubes or Bearer also called LEDGERS

f) Horizontal tubes or Ledgers also called STANDARDS

g) Transoms connected across the width

h) Hand rails mid rails

i) Toe Boards

j) Platforms

k) Ladder

l) Diagonal Bracings for stability.

23. How to erect scaffolding?

1. It should be erected on levels firm ground
2. It erected by trained / skilled person

3. It is constructed using metal pipes and wooden boards

4. It should be design and constructed from good and sound material

5. Not to be erected on loose earth

6. Clamps should fixed

7. Properly bracing

8. Sole plate is necessary the base of vertical pipe

24. Safety precaution of scaffold?

1. Wooden board not be painted

2. Wooden board should not to any cracks

3. Check for rust in pipes / clamps

4. Clamps should fixed and good quality

5. Boards thickness should be 3.4 cms and no bending

6. The construction must be rigid, properly based

7. Use of good and sound materials

8. The wooden bellies has not joints

9. Vertical poles should not be more than 6 feet

10. Chains, ropes used for the suspension of scaffoldings

11. Never throw any materials from height

12. Use safety harness while working at above 6 feet

13. Properly ties to be arrangement

 Excavation.
1). What is excavation?

A man made cut, cavity, trench or depression formed by earth removal.

2). What is an Emergency Evacuation Plan?

It is the procedure to provide concise guidelines for evacuation in case of some emergencies and to
identify the emergencies in advance. This also helps us to plan and to define roles and responsibilities of
all building custodian, fire wardens and occupants.

3) How is the soil classified? What is the slope to be given for each type of soil while excavating?

The following is a short explanation of soil classifications. You should check the standard for detailed
information regarding classifying soils

1-Type A soils

Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tsf or greater.

Example: - clay, salty clay, sandy clay & clay loam

Type A soils cannot have or be subjected to the following:

A) Fissures

b) Subjection to vibration from traffic, pile driving or similar conditions

c) Been previously disturbed

d)Or if it has been subjected to other factors that would change its classification

2-Type B soils

Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5tsf

Example: - angular gravel, silt, silt loam, sandy loam and previously disrobed soils except those which
would be classified as Type C soil

Also includes soils that meet some of the requirements of Type A soils but is fissured or subject to
vibration; or dry rock that is not stable.

3-Type C soils

Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5tsf or less.

Example: - granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand

Also submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping or submerged rock that is not stable

Stable rock

A natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and will remain intact while
exposed.
Maximum allowable slopes

a) Stable rock: vertical (90degrees)

b) Type A: ¾ :1 (53degrees)

c) Type B 1:1 (45degreed)

d) Type C: 1 ½: 1 (34degrees)

e) ½: 1 (63 degrees) slope is allowed for only short term excavations that are 12feet deep or le.

4) What is the emergency evacuation procedure to follow in the event of a gas release?

a) Don’t get panic on hearing alarm

b) Observe the direction of wind flow,

c) proceed out in the cross wind direction to the plant boundary fence and then proceed up wind.

d) Obey further instructions from emergency response team.

e) Resume work after getting clearance only.

Construction

1.. What are the hazards in construction?

1. Fall of person from top and getting injured.
2. Fall of objects from top and below person injury.
3. Fall of materials from top and damaged.
4. Person fall into excavated pit.
5. Collapse of soil and below person get injury or may.
6. Damage of UG cables and sewage pipe.
7. Collapse of scaffolding and person fall from height, get injury.
8. Electrical shock.
9. Fire and explosion.
10. Burn injury.
11. Health and lung problems.
12. Snakes bite.
13. Poisonous gas.
14. Foreign body in eye.
2. Cause of accident in construction?
1. Erection equipment failure.
2. Falling of persons from height.
3. Electrical shocks.
4. Improper lighting.
5. Non stop working by worker.
6. Up safe work methods.
7. Collapsing of earth during trench excavation.
8. Failure of use safety equipment.
9. Working a height without safety belt.

3. General safety precautions in construction?

1. Adequate first aid equipment should be kept ready
2. Adequate fire fighting equipment should be available
3. All general electrical rules should be followed
4. Suitable lighting arrangements should be necessary at night work
5. Work men at height should be wear safety belts
6. Work men handling cement should be provided with goggles, rubber gloves and rubber boots by
nose mask.
7. The moving parts of grinding machines used construction site should be covered with guards
8. The moving parts of grinding machines used construction site should be covered with guards
9. Excavated material should not kept near the excavated
10. Very short duration of work red flags must be hoisted and more duration red banners must be
stretched.
11. Defective tools should not be used
12. The worker should not carry tools in his hands when climbing a ladder
13. Excavation should be guarded by suitable fencing.
 Abbreviation

Abbreviation use for safety?

STARRT - Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk

COSHH - Control of Substance Hazardous to Health

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CFR - Court of Federal Regulation

OHSAS - Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series

ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

GFCI - Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

BSI - British Standard Institute

SWL - Safe Working Load

ANSI - American National Standard Institute

LTI - Lost Time Incident

LMI - Load Movement Indicator

MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

TWA - Time Waited Average

STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit

ERP - Emergency Response Plan

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Material

JSA - Job Safety Analysis

LEL - Lower Explosive Limit. (Level of Flammable gases or toxic gasses should be zero)

UEL - Upper Explosive Limit. (Level of Oxygen should be in between 19.5 – 23.5 in volume)
PEL - Permissible Explosive Limit

REL - Recommended Exposure Limit

THLV - Threshold Limit Value

PSI - Pound per Square Inches (1 bar = 14.7 psi)

STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit

WBGT - Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

APR - Air Purifying Respirator

ASR - Air Supplying Respirator

SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

RSO - Radiation Safety Officer

NFPA - National Fire Protection

CPR - Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation.

KATE (knowledge, Ability, Training, Experience)

 Slings
1) What are different types of slings used for lifting?

a) Wire rope slings

b) Synthetic/Nylon Webbings

c) Chain Slings

2) When a sling is considered unsafe for use?

1) 10 wire broken in one rope lay randomly distributed

2) 05 wires broken in one strand in one lay

3) 1/3rd of original diameter is scrapping or worn

4) Kink crushing, bird caging, or other damage or distortion of wire rope structure

5) Evidence of heat damage

6) End attachments that are cracked worn or damaged

7) Hooks open more than 15% of normal throat

8) Twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane

 Electrical

1) Why this should be used with electric tools?

To protect the workers from shock in case of current leakage.

2) Why tools having broken insulation must not be used?

To avoid possible electric shock.

3) What is meager test?

The insulation breaks down test is known as meager test

4) Why meager test is necessary for electric tools?

A tool having subjected to harsh use at site needs to be tested for insulation break down to avoid
possible electric shock.

5) Why dead man switch should be used on electric tools?

To cut off the power supply to the tool in emergency.

6. What precautions are necessary in electrical work?

1. All electrical installations shall be as per Indian electricity rules.

2. Only competent persons should handle the electrical equipments.

3. The equipments should be earthed properly.

4. All temporary electric lines should be drawn at least above man’s height.

5. Cable should be completely insulted.

6. Cable should not have any joints.

7. Only connection for one point.

8. Good house keeping on the area.

9. Fire protection equipment to be kept near by.

10. Use rubber gloves and rubber boots.

11. Use good quality of wire.

12. Power isolation close to the job.

13. Use three pin plug instead of loose wire.

14. Never operate any electrical equipment with wet hands.

15. Never stand wet surface while working electrical equipments.

16. During thunder storm do not stand under tree.

17. Proper sign board is necessary.

18. No person shall work on any live electrical conductor.

19. The switch shall only be put on by person who switched it off.

120) Why Safety Training is required?

To make the employees familiar with the hazards associated with their work safety orientation and
some other trainings is required, also special craft training is required before start of work, safety
assessment risk assessment for potential hazards is essential which covers the general hazards and
specific hazards associated to the work being undertaken and the control measures applied to eliminate
or minimize the potential of harm to the employees, therefore emphasis of accidental loss of resources
(Men and Materials) to reduce the direct and indirect costs and loss time delays due to interruptions
providing safe and friendly environment for timely completion of projects therefore imparting plays an
important role in loss control and it is an idea sound business to have safety culture prevailing on the
construction sites.

121) What is LOTO?

Lock out tag out, to lock out specific breakers are used for the maintenance of all equipment’s.

LOTO Program:
LOTO programs are all about the control of hazardous energy. That means electricity of course, but also
anything else that can hurt someone, including air, heat, water, chemicals, hydraulics and so on. During
the course of typical operations, most machinery is equipped with physical safeguards to protect
operators, such as the handguard on an industrial saw. But during service and maintenance, it may be
necessary to remove or disable these safeguards to conduct repairs. It is vital that hazardous energy is
controlled and dissipated before this can happen.

123) What is Excavation and Ditches?

Digging of land with Machine or with men

125) What are the scaffoldings and its kinds and it’s Consists?

It is temporary platform.

Kinds

A) System Scaffolding

B) Under Hang Scaffoldings

C) Mobile Scaffolding

D) Bract Scaffolding

E) Tower Scaffolding

F) Tube and Copular scaffolding

Scaffolding Consists

A) Sole Boards

B) Base Plates

C) Posts

D) Ledgers

E) Couplers

Couplers Types

1. Right angle couplers

2. Right angle Double couplers

3. End to End Couplers

4. Adjustable Couplers

5. Girder Couplers

F) Top rail
G) Mid rail

1. Should be in between top rail and toe boards

H) Toe Board

1. Distance between toe board to top rail should be 38 to 43 inches

I) Bracings

1. Zigzag bracings

2. Transverse bracings

3. Longitudinal bracings and cross bracings

126) What is KENAPI?

To Safe Workers from falling objects we can use KENAPI nets and catch plate forms.

127) Which Permit is use for Vehicles?

Hot Work Permit

129) What is Evocation?

a) Stop the work and switch off equipment and proceed to nearest assembly ground.

b) Always walk against wind direction

c) If you driving a vehicle, stop on road side switch off engine and proceed to assembly area and let the
key should inside the ignition point.

d) Head count will taken by Safety Officer in assembly area.

e) Do not come to work tell all clear alarm sounds.

130) How many types of accident in construction area?

a) Fatality case

b) Last work day case

c) Restricted work case

d) Medical treatment case

e) First aid case

f) Near miss Incident

An incident, which could cause property damage or personal injury and if we will not stop near miss
incidents then can happen an accident.

131) What is Toolbox Talks?

Awareness about work situation to the employee is called toolbox talk.

A development of safety bracings and deal with special issues at the workplace.

132) What is DBA?

The frequency of noise at which we should use ear plug or muffs is 85DBA.

DBA Decibel at scale A

135) What are the precautions for Welding?

a) Hot work permit is required

b) Area should be barricaded and warning signage should be placed

c) Area should be clean at least 8 meters (free from combustible materials)

d) Fire extinguisher and fire blankets should be available

e) Trained fire watch man should be available

f) Fire water drum should be available

Note: Welder must use complete PPE’s (Welding Helmet, Gloves and Long sleeves shirt).

136)What is Safety?

Safety is a state where risk has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level.

137) What is Fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three elements to
occur. (Fuel, oxygen, Heat).

Fuel

Fuel can be any combustible material – solid, liquid, or gas. Most solids and liquids become a

Oxygen

Oxygen the air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16
percent oxygen.

Heat

Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors
are given off for ignition to occur.

142) What is Flash Point?

Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which a fuel produces enough vapors to ignite in the presence
of a heat source.

143) What is Dust?

Dust consists of solid particles and is created by such operations as grinding or sieving of solid materials,
controlled detonations and various drying processes.

144) What is Fumes?

Fumes are finely particulate solids which are created by condensation from a vapor, very often after a
metal has been converted to the molten state. Fumes are usually highly toxic.

145) What is Gases?

Gas is the formless chemical which occupies the area in which it is enclosed. There are many toxic gases
used in industry, such as chlorine.

146) What is Mist?

Mist consists of finely suspended droplets formed by condensation from a gas or the atomizing of a
liquid or from aerosols.

147) What is Vapors?

Vapors are the gaseous form of a solid or a liquid, rise in temperature causes the vaporization. Examples
are organic solvent vapors’.

148) What is Liquid?

Liquid is a typical example of a liquid, Can be in other forms as droplets or aerosols.

149) what is Very Toxic?

Substances and preparations which in very low quantities cause death or acute or chronic damage to
health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.

150) what is Toxic?

Toxic substances and preparation that in low quantities cause death or acute or chronic damage to
health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.

151) What is Corrosive?

Corrosive is substances and preparations that may on contact destroy living tissues.

152) What is Density?

The density of a material is defined as the mass of one cubic meter of material.

DENSITY = MASS/VOLUME

153) What is Specific Gravity?

We can therefore say that any liquid that will not dissolve (not miscible) in water, with a specific gravity
higher than 1, will sink, whilst those with a specific gravity lower than 1 will float on top. For example:

1m3 of water (1000 liters) weights 1000kg

1m3 of aviation gasoline (1000 liters) weight 720 kgs

159) what is Organization Culture?

Shop floor representatives, supervisors and managers who meet to discuss general health and safety
matters affecting the company.

160) What is Attitude?

A person’s point of view, or their way of looking at something.

162) What is Influence of peer group?

A peer group is a group of individuals of a similar age or background with whom a person mixes in a
social context.

163) What is Work place group?

The workplace group is such a group and we behave in accordance with the collective, accepted
behavior of the group.

164) What is Communication?

Communication is defined as, imparting, conveying or exchanging information, ideas or opinion by the
use of speech, written, or graphics.

a) Written communication:-

Written a postal service or a notice board

b) Oral or Verbal (SPOKEN) Communication:-

Oral or Verbal (spoken) a personal interview or telephone system.

c) Graphic Communication:-
Safety sign , Safety posters etc.

168) What is Tool Box Talks?

A development of safety briefings and deal with specific issues at the workplace

169) What is Employee Hand Book?

Key document laying out company policy and certain procedures, Effective as part of induction training

170) What is Investigation?

The purpose of an investigation is primarily to find the cause, with the intention of preventing a
recurrence, rather than to blame.

171) What is Reactive Monitoring?

Reactive Monitoring, which is used in the investigation of accidents, incidents or dangerous occurrences-
After

172) What is Active Monitoring?

Active monitoring, which involves checking that standards, practices, procedures and system are being
complied with. Before

173) What is Maintenance Inspections?

Inspections involve examining, testing and making repairs/adjustments to such items, often specified by
the manufacturer or supplier.

174) What is Safety Inspection?

A formal inspection by a team of inspectors who go round an area or section of work to check on
standards; e.g floor condition, HK, warning signs, fire equipment

175) What is Safety Survey?

An in-depth examination of specific procedures such as the introduction of new equipment, or

investigating a rise in accident or incident rate.

176) Types of Chemical Hazard.

Liquids, dusts, fumes, mists

177) Types of Biological Hazards.

Exposure to bacteria, viruses and fungi

178) Types of Physical Hazard.

Mechanical, noise, radiation, heat etc. also includes ergonomic factors

179) Types of Psychological Hazards.

Refers to mental stress

180) What is Safe Work System?

A safe system of work is: a formal procedure which results from systematic examination of a task in
order to identify all the hazards

181) What is Permit to Work?

A permit to work can be described as: A formal document giving H.S.E. QUESTIONNAIRE & ANSWERS.

Kindly Regard’s:

Naseem-ul-hassan Naqvi.