Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 51 views

    Breast Cancer Report

    Uploaded by

    Shehada Marcos Bondad
    This document provides information about breast cancer from its description and causes to risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical management. It describes breast cancer as beginning in the lining of milk ducts or lobules and commonly spreading to lymph nodes, lung, bone, liver, and brain. It identifies major risk factors as being a woman and growing older, as well as factors like family history, reproductive history, and lifestyle. The stages of breast cancer range from stage 0 to stage IV, with higher stages indicating greater spread. Surgical, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapies are discussed as standard treatment approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Breast Cancer Report

    Uploaded by

    Shehada Marcos Bondad
    51 views34 pages
    This document provides information about breast cancer from its description and causes to risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical management. It describes breast cancer as beginning in the lining of milk ducts or lobules and commonly spreading to lymph nodes, lung, bone, liver, and brain. It identifies major risk factors as being a woman and growing older, as well as factors like family history, reproductive history, and lifestyle. The stages of breast cancer range from stage 0 to stage IV, with higher stages indicating greater spread. Surgical, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapies are discussed as standard treatment approaches.

    Original Description:

    With nursing Responsibilities

    Original Title

    BREAST CANCER REPORT

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information about breast cancer from its description and causes to risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical management. It describes breast cancer as beginning in the lining of milk ducts or lobules and commonly spreading to lymph nodes, lung, bone, liver, and brain. It identifies major risk factors as being a woman and growing older, as well as factors like family history, reproductive history, and lifestyle. The stages of breast cancer range from stage 0 to stage IV, with higher stages indicating greater spread. Surgical, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapies are discussed as standard treatment approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views34 pages

    Breast Cancer Report

    Uploaded by

    Shehada Marcos Bondad
    This document provides information about breast cancer from its description and causes to risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical management. It describes breast cancer as beginning in the lining of milk ducts or lobules and commonly spreading to lymph nodes, lung, bone, liver, and brain. It identifies major risk factors as being a woman and growing older, as well as factors like family history, reproductive history, and lifestyle. The stages of breast cancer range from stage 0 to stage IV, with higher stages indicating greater spread. Surgical, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapies are discussed as standard treatment approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 34

    BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

    BREAST
    CANCER
    REPORT BY ;SHEHADA BONDAD
    recnac
    tsaerb
    si tahW
    DESCRIPTION:
    Is the leading type of cancer in
    women.Most breast cancer begins in
    the lining of the milk ducts, sometimes
    the lobule.
    The cancer grows through the wall of
    the duct and into the fatty tissue.
    Breast cancer metastasizes most
    commonly to auxiliary nodes, lung,
    bone, liver, and the brain.
    recnac
    tsaerb
    si tahW
    DESCRIPTION:
    The most significant risk factors for
    breast cancer are gender (being a
    woman) and age (growing older).
    Other probable factors include
    nulliparity, first child after age 30,
    late menopause, early menarche, long
    term estrogen replacement therapy,
    and benign breast disease.
    recnac
    tsaerb
    si tahW
    DESCRIPTION:
    Controversial risk factors :
    include oral contraceptive use, alcohol use,
    obesity, and increased dietary fat intake.
    About 90% of breast cancers are due not to
    heredity, but to genetic abnormalities that happen
    as a result of the aging process and life in general.
    A woman’s risk of breast cancer approximately
    doubles if she has a first-degree relative (mother,
    sister, daughter) who has been diagnosed with
    breast cancer. About 20-30% of women diagnosed
    with breast cancer have a family history of breast
    cancer.
    recnac
    tsaerb
    si tahW
    CAUSES:
    •Hormonal factors like when the cells come in contact

    with estrogen

    •Genetic factors like gene mutation


    recnac
    tsaerb
    si tahW
    RISK FACTORS:
    •Starting menopause at a later age

    •Having no children or having a first child after age 30

    •Women with previous history of breast cancer

    •Notbreastfeeding

    •Using birth control pills

    •Being overweight after menopause

    •Having first menstruation before age 12 or entering menopause after

    age 55.

    •Drinking

    alcohol (more than one drink a day)

    •lack of exercise
    recnac
    tsaerb
    fo segatS
    Stages of Breast Cancer
    STAGE DEFINITION

    Stage 0 Cancer cells remain inside the breast duct, without invasion into
    normal adjacent breast tissue.

    Stage I Cancer is 2 centimeters or less and is confined to the breast (lymph


    nodes are clear).

    Stage II A No tumor can be found in the breast, but cancer cells are found in
    the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm)OR the tumor

    measures 2 centimeters or smaller and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes

    OR the tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has not

    spread to the axillary lymph nodes.

    Stage IIB The tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has
    spread to the axillary lymph nodesORthe tumor is larger than 5 centimeters but

    has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.


    Stages of Breast Cancer
    Stage IIIA-No tumor is found in the breast. Cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes
    that are sticking together or to other structures, or cancer may be found in lymph

    nodes near the breastboneORthe tumor is any size. Cancer has spread to the axillary

    lymph nodes, which are sticking together or to other structures, or cancer may be

    found in lymph nodes near the breastbone.

    Stage IIIB-The tumor may be any size and has spread to the chest wall and/or skin of
    the breastANDmay have spread to axillary lymph nodes that are clumped together or

    sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the

    breastbone.Inflammatory breast cancer is considered at least stage IIIB.

    Stage IIIC-There may either be no sign of cancer in the breast or a tumor may be
    any size and may have spread to the chest wall and/or the skin of the breastANDthe

    cancer has spread to lymph nodes either above or below the collarboneANDthe

    cancer may have spread to axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the

    breastbone.

    Stage IV- The cancer has spread — or metastasized — to other parts of the body.
    smotpmys
    dna sngiS
    smotpmys
    dna sngiS
    New lump in the breast or underarm

    Thickening or swelling of part of the breast

    Mass which is hard with irregular borders

    •Irritation or dimpling of breast skin

    •Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or breast

    •Pulling in of the nipple or

    pain in the nipple area

    Nipple discharge other than breast milk

    Any change in the size or the shape of the breast


    TSET
    CITSONGAID
    MAMMOGRAM
    ULTRASOUND
    PET scan (Positron
    emission
    tomography
    MRI (Magnetic
    resonance
    imaging)
    BREAST SELF-
    EXAMINATION
    BREAST SELF-
    EXAMINATION
    MEDICAL
    Chemotherapy
    MANAGEMENT Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy

    cancer cells. Chemotherapy is

    sometimes given before surgery in

    women with larger breast tumors.

    Chemotherapy is also used in women

    whose cancer has already spread to

    other parts of the body.


    STANDARD CHEMOTHERAPHY REGIMEN
    INCLUDE:
    •AT: Adriamycin

    and Taxotere

    •AC ± T: Adriamycin and Cytoxan, with or

    without Taxol or Taxotere

    •CMF: Cytoxan, methotrexate, and

    fluorouracil
    •CEF:Cytoxan, Ellence, and fluorouracil

    •FAC:fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and

    Cytoxan

    •CAF:Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and

    fluorouracil

    (The FAC and CAF regimens use the

    same

    medicines but use different doses and

    frequencies)

    •TAC:Taxotere, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan

    •GET: Gemzar, Ellence, and Taxol


    HORMONAL THERAPHY
    -Hormonal theraphy is prescribed to
    women with ER-positive breast cancer

    to block certain hormones that fuel

    cancer growth. An example of hormonal

    theraphy is the drug

    TAMOIFEN;
    This drug blocks the

    effects of estrogen, which can help

    breast cancer cells survive and

    grow. Most women

    with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer

    benefit from

    this drug.
    •Another class of hormonal therapy
    medicine called AROMATASE
    INHIBITOR; such as exemestane
    (Aromasin) have been shown to work
    just as well or even better than tamoxifen

    in postmenopausal women with breast

    cancer .

    AROMATASE INHIBITOR block

    estrogen rom being male.


    RADIO THERAPHY
    -radiation theraphy is an adjuvant treatment for most
    women who have undergone lumpectomy and for me

    women who have mastectomy surgery.

    In these cases the purpose of radiation is to reduce

    the chance that the cancer will recur.

    •This radiation is very

    effective in killing cancer cells that may remain after

    surgery or recur where the tumour

    was removed.

    •Radiation therapy can be delivered by either external

    beam

    radiotherapy or brachytherapy (internal radiotherapy).


    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
    Lumpectomy: •This is also referred to as
    breast- conserving therapy. The surgeon

    removes the cancerous area and a

    surrounding margin of normal tissue. A

    second incision may be made in

    order to remove the lymph nodes.


    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
    Lumpectomy: •This is also referred to as
    breast- conserving therapy. The surgeon

    removes the cancerous area and a

    surrounding margin of normal tissue. A

    second incision may be made in

    order to remove the lymph nodes.


    PARTIAL OR SEGMENTAL
    MASTECTOMY
    SIMPLE OR TOTAL MASTECTOMYI
    MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY
    PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER:
    •Get screened for
    breast cancer regularly
    •Control your weight and Do regular
    exercise
    •Know your family history of breast cancer
    •Limit the amount of alcohol
    •Avoid
    induced abortions
    •Avoid unnecessary Medical radiation
    exposure
    •Preventive mastectomy
    DIETARY
    MANAGEMENT
    Eat Omega-3 fatty
    acids
    Eat soy product
    Eat Cruciferous
    vegetables
    Calcium d Vit D
    Nursing Interventions
    Monitor for adverse effects of radiation therapy such as

    fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, nausea, anorexia.

    Monitor for adverse effects of chemotherapy; bone

    marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia,

    weight gain or loss, fatigue, stomatitis, anxiety, and

    depression.

    Realize that a diagnosis of breast cancer is a devastating

    emotional shock to the woman. Provide psychological

    support to the patient throughout the diagnostic and

    treatment process.

    Involve the patient in planning and treatment.

    Describe surgical procedures to alleviate fear.

    Prepare the patient for the effects of chemotherapy, and

    plan ahead for alopecia, fatigue.


    Nursing Interventions
    Administer antiemetics prophylactically, as directed, for

    patients receiving chemotherapy.

    Administer I.V. fluids and hyperalimentation as indicated

    .Help patient identify and use support persons or family or

    community.

    Suggest to the patient the psychological interventions may

    be necessary for anxiety, depression, or sexual problems.

    Teach all women the recommended cancer-screening

    procedures.
    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

    You might also like