L2 ICT – UNIT 1 : The Online World

Revision Template

Subject Notes Revision

Online Services: Lesson 1 Examples / Notes: Done
Communication websites Email stands for electronic email which allow to send a
message to a person very far away a apron could be
living liverpool and you are sending a message all the
way to edinburgh. social networking mean that you can
talk to your friend and family online. Websites such as
facebook which allow you to add your friend and talk to
them. Online conferencing mean you can talk to the
person online that could live further away from you.
Example of this is skype which you can talk to people
face to face. Blogs is a daily blog that record what you do
that day and thi can include photos and videos of what
activities you have don. IT may also include

Real time information A news service as bbc news teaches you about what
goes around in the world. It's more handy as you do not
have to buy a newspaper.
Traffic reports are really if the person is just about to hit
the road on their motorbike or by car.
Weather is always good to have on your phone because it
gives you updates of what the weather is each hour and
weather you need to bring your coat or sun glasses. Train
Timetable are very handy as the train could be delayed
and this will tell when you should set of from home.
Have anews online saves people from getting the news
from other people

E-Commerce
Internet banking is where you can manage your account
online and take money out. It's not a safe option but it's
alright if you want to be lazy. Retail sales such as primark
website and online shopping where you can buy
anything. Publishing online could mean publishing There
is also online auction sites such as ebay where you can
bid for your own product and see who
gets the better bid. There is also sites such as shpock
where you can buy and bid things. Retail Sales come
under any known shops

Government websites Tax return , people whom are on benefits and they also
look at deaths marriages and births. They look at owning
and renting a council premises. They also visas and
other and they sort out immigration things.

Education Example of online learning are mathswatch where you

can watch videos and also you can pause the video and
have a go. There is a website called Online such as skills
academy where you can download a course and you
revise so much and then you do a test. There is also
open university where you do all your work online
Entertainment Multi user game such 8 pool where you can play with
other people. There is also a radio player such as pulse
radio and the capital where you can listen to the radio
online.

Download services There are lots music downloads such as itunes where
you can buy your own music.There are also amazon
prime where you can buy your own music. An upgrade is
where something new has been developed such as your
iphone may need to be updated with new software which
will be better than the last upgrade. Like for example
your laptop may ask if you want to upgrade to a new
windows server which may be a faster and better.

Online Documents: Lesson 2 Examples / Notes:

Compressions (.zip) codecc
Making the file smaller. Zip the code compressing

By making the file smaller you have to take out the

unnecessary data. It takes out spaces because it is
binary. Like if you take a picture the quality that has been
downloaded from your camera , the quality has been
taken out and the quality is not as good when its been
downloaded onto the computer. Another example is
when you print out a picture from word and the picture
is slightly worse as the quality has gone down. The
picture may come out as blurred. Also when you take a
picture from your small camera . the picture when
downloaded onto the computer is much bigger.

Online software for creation

It is more productive and having automatic backup
means you want lose your work if it crashes. The
automated backup saves your work from the start of
your document. Online software such as word , google
drive and google docs to create a document. The
advantages of using online software is it saves your
work from the start. And the downside of using online
software is has to have an internet connection and it
does not have a spell check. There si sandborne
software which means that it does not need a internet
connection.

Version control
It means that a software needs to be updated such as a
phone update which might be better and might have new
things to do with the software. For example work will be
done

Levels of access You can decide whether you want to change your
document from read only or whether you can edit. Like
you could give permission for your teacher to edit your
work because you want to get feedback but for example if
you did not want your teacher to edit your document then
you could. For example if you did some work and you
 have levels of access of who and where to share your
document.

Online Comms: Lesson 3 Examples / Notes:

Netiquette
This means that how safe you communicate online such
as how well you are speaking to other people online
such as no cyberbullying as this can hurt someone
emotionally and not to post anything embarrassing that
anybody can see as this will be projected out there and
other people can see it and other people will know what
you like. For example if someone is irrating you online ,
then

Online communities
It is an example of a group page where they can post
everything about the topic of the group page. A group
page on facebook that has members and aonly members
are added that into that certain type of yopic.

Virtual world
Virtual world is online networking that allows you to
communicate electronically without even moving your
mouth . There also can post some of their life stories
online where anybody can see it.

Chat & chat rooms

Chat rooms is where more than one person can join your
chat . This is called a Group chat and an example of this
facebook group chat. Chat is a facility that allows you to
talk to your friends online and you can see when they
typed and whether they have seen the message. You can
also do a group chat call where more than one is calling
you and you can also do a webchat network where you
can see different people at the same time.

Social networking
Example of this are Facebook and twitter where you can
add friends and chat with them You can even put a post
and your friends might even comment on and they can
even like it if they wanted to. You can even send them
emojis to tell them how you are feeling.

Instant messaging This is where you can

VOIP – video conferencing
This means that you are using your voice to connect to
the other person online and this can be done by talking
to someone other side of the world and its allowing you
to send your voice vibrations over to the other server
where the other person will pick up the signal.

Cloud computing
This is where you can save your documents online
without saving your documents
on your local computer drive. Examples of this are
google drive

Ubiquitous computing
They are types of ubiquitous computing such as RFID.
This is where it receives and transmits. Examples of this
are clocking in cards when you clock into a room. Then
there is pvd scanners where you scan the barcode and
see if there any stock left. Another example of this are
fridges that monitor supplies where a fridge scans the
foods barcode and it will tell you how many days you
had it for and when it's due out of date. There also was
pet colors, where the dog would get electrocuted if it
went over certain miles. Another example is that

The Internet: Lesson 4 Examples / Notes:

Cloud computing

These where you can backup you photos and written

documents onto the web . when you are sending it to
google , google has you work backed up on the internet
somewhere in the data centre. If your computer shut
down google drive automatically saves your work. From
your pc you save your work on the internet which then
gets backed up on their server. At the data centre they
all have hardware software which is stored at the data
centre
POP (Point of presence)

There is the isp where you can get the internet from and
is your internet service provider. The point of presence
means that when you you request the certain webpage it
has to request that information to the internt provider
which then goes to the web address itself and then it has
tell it to show the web page on your computer screen.
This known point of presence where data is is requested
from the your internet search engine which then gets
passed on . THE POINT OF PRESENCE ALSO MEANS
THAT HOW LONG IT HAS TO TRAVEL TO REACH THE
WEBSITE.

NAP (Network Access Point)

Is where different networks interconnect such as a home

network into the internet. Where lots of people conect at
one modem to get an internet connetion

Client Server Architecture

Well the cleint is a device that is accessing a website
from the web server . so the website is the server and
the

Routers/Modem
Router are where it directs tarffic over the internet it
bascially it can server up to lots of devices so it can
access the internet.

Network backbone It is a big cable which is a long fibre cable that runs
from your internet modem to the isp (the internet service
provider).
Internet connection types There a wireless connection that connects you to the
internet such as wifi which directly lets you connect you
to the internet There are dial up connection when you
have to get your connection through the telephone line
which is more slower and it takes along time to download
files like up to 10-15 minutes at the top. There si
broadband which is more faster than the others but it it
wired and you have to have a stationary computer to do
that. It is less secure than wired . for example people may
be able to get onto the internet if you give the password
to someone or the files may become lost and you may
have to send them . The dial up gives a much poorer
reception and is more likely to go much slower.
There is also bandwidth where the internet connection
is measured in bits and its measure to if its a fast
bandwidth aor a much slower bandwidth .

Worldwide Web: Lesson 5 Examples / Notes: the world wide is where

Web servers Websites are stored on web server and its the web
servers job to deliver the website you requested. Web
servers job is to request different websites.

Website structure A web structure normally has a home page , a contact

page and about us page. It has hyperlink linked to
different pages on the website. Hyperlink nearly aways
comes up as blue and it's always underlined.

Components of the URL At the beginning of url there is the hypertensive whuich
gives it a specific task to do. There vis the world wide
web where it it shows www. Which says to go on to thto
wen full of websites.

HTTP

This stands for hypertensive protocal

HTML t
Html is made up of tags. They have a message between
the open brackets. An example would be <html>
And <body>. These are commands saying it i.Html is a
programme which helps you build a website and was
back in the day but now w have other websites that help
us create websites such as wix and other website
builders. Html is hwere is teqnique that is used to
create websites and it as programming language to do
this . <A> this syands for a hyperlink, < Title> This tands
for the title of the document.
Search engines
Basically when someone enters words in the search
engine it goes and search for it on the internet through
its indexes and brings up results which is done in
seconds. There are always sponsored links on the top of
the results page these are daverts and they are pay per
click.

Email: Lesson 6 Examples / Notes:

Sending an email – how it
works An Email can be transferred from wire or being digital .
Basically the first you have in sending an email is the
client and this is the software where you can type up
your email. These are things such as gmail and hotmail.
When you perss the send button. IT AUTOMATICALLY
GOES TO THE Simple mail protocal where thsi then
recoives it and send it to the dns where it asks where the
email is going to be sent. When it finds it goes to the
server

Advantages of email It's cheap to use because it does not cost anything . All
you have to be is connected to to the internet and have a
device.
You can also attach files and pictures to your email. For
example if you were a teacher and wanted to send some
resources for revision. Then this would easy as you have
to open up a file and place it onto the email. For example
a advantage of electronic email is that you can send
someone a blind copy

Disadvantages of email
Lots of spam can come from unknown companies. You
have to have to know the person's email address to send
an email . otherwise it wont send and it might get sent to
the wrong person

Email protocols
There are protocols such as po3 where the email is
received. People can wasted time and resources by
sending rubbish emails while in work . There si the
simple mail protocol where it pick up the email and sends
it off . There is the protocol Dns which stands for
dynamic name system which checks from the name so it
knows where it is sending it.
Differences between POP & When the Email has gone to the pop3 server it does
IMAP not save it on the server but it goes directllty to the email
adress where then it can only be read once. On the other
hand you have the imap where it can directly be limked
to all you email accounts on different device where the
email will be kept secure and be kept on thier server for
however long. An example of thsi is your gmail account
where it saves the eamil on thier server and on all their
custoers devices

Data Exchange: Lesson 7 Examples / Notes:

Network structure

Transmission modes Fibre Optic - glass- instead of sending electric signal it sends
light - in binary- at speed of light in pulses- at the other end is
a receiver. The fibre optic is as thin as a hair. The cables
under the floor need to be careful as they are not coated in
metal, break easily.

Wireless - no wires.
Infrared - energy in the region of the electromagnetic radiation
spectrum. Can be seen, Out of the visible spectrum. Is shorter
than those of radio waves.
Infrared frequencies higher than those of microwaves.
Eg: car locking remotes, TV remote handset

Can be adversely affected by walls or obstructions.

Real time communication

Are things like that happens now for example voice over
the internet is speaking over the internet. An example
of of voice over the internet is

CODEC
Meshing of 2 words - coder and decoder - encoded and
compressed for storage streams of data.
For videos you
Compress- send- decompress at other end.
See diagram on google slides
Changes it from one format into another format so that it
can be used!

Methods of transmission
/cabling/wireless etc SEE ABOVE NOTES

Packet switching
Is a method of breaking data files in small packets or chunks
in order to send them across a network.
Works by broken up into small files and given an IP address
as to where to go, and to know who has sent it. They also
know how many packets have been sent. Puts back together
and ends the file.

Data transfer rates

Speed at which data is transmitted from one device to
another is the data rates

Microwave
A microwave link - in a communication system uses a beam
of radio waves in the microwave frequency in two fixed
locations.
Advantage : no cables required (between 2 buildings)
Multiple channels
Wide bandwidth

Disadvantages: Line-of sight such as obstacle, new building

Weather - atmosphere - lightning
Has to be on a tower - high up

Eg: Repeater - see Slide diagram

Satellite
Multiple receivers eg:
Multipole channels on one satellite
GPS
Sky

Atmosphere can affect it

Serial - only one chunk of information at once

and Parallel Transmission - lots of links that run alongside
each other ( fibre optic cables- so 50 pulses at same time)
bursts at the same time at speed of light.

Client vs Server Working on word doc, saves on pc drive.

On an app, you are working on server.

Databases: Lesson 8 Examples / Notes:

Data storage methods
There are stuff such as internal storage such as
temporary storage. For example in a computer ram is the
storage that saves it temp.
There are also external memory such as memory stick
that store your data and backup your data. The
 advantages of having a memory stick is that you can
carry your data from one pc to another.

There is also the hdd which stands for hard disc drive.
How this works is that a blade goes round each line on
the dick and it goes round each line in seconds and it
finds some area to place

Databases
It is a organised collection of structured data . there a
are used for producing reports as well as storing
information. Information can be easy to manage
A database can store and handle vast amounts of data.

Database structure – files, In database it has fields such as a name and student id si
fields, records a feil . a telephone number or your address can be a
recognised as a field. A contact list for a member is a
record this is where one personal contact detail are kept.
Finally a file is for all the records for the members are
kept in one file. All the members will be in this file.

Online databases

There are online databases such as yell where all

business are stored on a dbms DBMS. on this dbms it
will show how many miles it is away from your location
and if you search for a business it will have the
telephone and the place that its located. It will also have

DBMS

SQL

Threats to data: Lesson 9 Examples / Notes:

Cyber crimes A cyber crime is what takes place online that steals or
watches what you do on the internet. They may even use
your data to steal money from your bank account.

Malicious damage to data Trojan horses where the programme system on the
system for a long time. They are deceiving as it looks
good but have an external piece of data that can then
 cause issues for PC. Identity theft , where somebody
steals your data and pretends its you and they get your
details and use them. A virus is where you open a
programme and you slightly ctrach a virus that starts to
slow down your computer straight away. Phishing is
where a person in a an email asks for people bank
details that supposed of come from the bank but the
banks do not send information in an Email.

Preventative technologies Pay this is more secure payment and it's from another
company. Setting up passwords and other things on
computers. There are physical barriers such as ccvtv
and camera and barriers and and things to stop people
going in to certain places.

Firewalls
A firewall is what protects you from your computer to the
internet. Its protects any authorised users from entering
your pc and your system. It is a software on your pc that
collects and stops them from entering. It also depends on
how the user has the settings on the firewall.

Access control methods Is where a person working in a specific sector has a

certain job to do and they will have their own unique idea
which tells them that they are doing that certain type of
job. For example a wage clerk will be able to access to
people payroll information and they will be in charge of
pay rises. Another example if someone was in the
warehouse and they had a warehouse job then looking a
warehouse controls and detail of certain things in the
warehouse.

Disaster recovery
Is where you have somwhetre to backup your sytem/files
and thsi scan be a another firm that the compnay has
decided to join with.

Business continuity Havinga system where yoh can backup your sytem
somwhereles ,just in case that can get hacked and
someone accidenbtally detlets a a docemunt then its
good to backup your sytem in another building otherwise
the business will fail. You can do overnight back up
anfd if a plane crashes or something happens then it
will back up to ibm where it stores all youir dta and files.

Benefits and dangers of social People can make fake profiles and it my not be them.
networking Lots of peoples data can be stolen.
Its really good for keeping in touch and its it good way to
see people over the internet where you udse face time .
 Other benefits is that its accessible on the your phone
or tablet .

Managing your E-Reputation

There is online monoring suvh as your internet provider
where there monitor what sites you go on and on any
other things.

Online monitoring of
movements & communication

Current legislation : DPA

(1998), CMA (1990) There si things such as the dat protection act and thsi
covers ,
Useing the data for other things. And giving out thge dat
giving it to any other third parties.